| 词条 | Fresnes Prison |
| 释义 |
Fresnes Prison (Centre pénitentiaire de Fresnes) is the second largest prison in France, located in the town of Fresnes, Val-de-Marne South of Paris. It comprises a large men's prison (maison d'arrêt) of about 1200 cells, a smaller one for women and a penitentiary hospital. Fresnes is one of the three main prisons of the Paris area, the Fleury-Mérogis Prison (Europe's largest prison) and the La Santé Prison (located in the centre of Paris) being the other two. History{{unsourced|section|date=February 2018}}The prison was constructed between 1895 and 1898 according to a design devised by architect Henri Poussin. An example of the so-called "telephone-pole design," the facility was radically different from previous prisons. At Fresnes prison, for the first time, cell houses extended crosswise from a central corridor. The design was used extensively in North America for much of the next century. During World War II, Fresnes prison was used by the Germans to house captured British SOE agents and members of the French Resistance. Held in horrific conditions, many of these prisoners were tortured, and some, such as Berty Albrecht (1893–1943), co-founder of the Combat movement, died there. As soon as the Allied forces broke through at Normandy and fought their way to liberate Paris, the Gestapo peremptorily killed prisoners at Fresnes. Suzanne Spaak was executed there on 12 August 1944, less than two weeks before the city was liberated. Christopher Burney (1917–1980) was freed in 1945, and published Solitary Confinement, an account of his fifteen months there. Squadron Leader Phil Lamason (1918–2012) of the RNZAF was the ranking officer and one of 168 allied airmen imprisoned here in 1944. They were also transferred to Buchenwald concentration camp just days before Paris was liberated. Famous inmates, escapes and deaths{{moresources|section|date=February 2018}}
References1. ^Macintyre, Ben (2013). Double Cross: The True Story of the D-Day Spies. Broadway Books; {{ISBN|978-0307888778}} 4. Pierre d'Harcourt The Real Enemy. Longmans 19672. ^{{cite book |first=Stephen |last=Barber |authorlink=Stephen Barber (writer) |title=Jean Genet |publisher=Reaktion Books |year=2004 |page=30 |isbn=9781861891785}} 3. ^Agnès Humbert, (tr. Barbara Mellor) Résistance: Memoirs of Occupied France, London, Bloomsbury Publishing PLC, 2008; {{ISBN|978-0-7475-9597-7}} (American title: Resistance: A Frenchwoman's Journal of the War, Bloomsbury, 2008) 4. ^{{cite book|last=Sellier|first=Andre|title=A History of the Dora Camp: The Untold Story of the Nazi Slave Labor Camp That Secretly Manufactured V-2 Rockets|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qGSymmlGCdIC&pg=PA165|year=2003|publisher=Ivan R. Dee|isbn=9781461739494|pages=113–14, 165}} 5. ^Gordon Brown. Wartime Courage (pg. 62); {{ISBN|978-0-7475-9607-3}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2846401.stm|title=Jail escape forces French rethink|publisher=BBC News|date=13 March 2003|accessdate=4 January 2010}} External links{{Portal|Paris|Prisons}}
4 : 1890s establishments in France|Prisons in France|Buildings and structures in Val-de-Marne|Prison healthcare |
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