“Windows Imaging Component”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Windows Imaging Component (WIC) is a Component Object Model based imaging codec framework introduced in Windows Vista (and later available in Windows XP Service Pack 3)^[1] for working with and processing digital images and image metadata. It allows applications supporting the framework to automatically get support of installed codecs for graphics file formats.

It is similar to DirectShow, or ACM/VCM, in that it can be extended using image codecs and can support third-party graphics formats on a system-wide basis. Additionally, Windows Presentation Foundation applications also automatically support the installed image codecs. Codecs for RAW image formats used by high-end professional digital cameras are also supported in this manner.

WIC enables application developers to perform image processing operations on any image format through a single set of common APIs, without requiring prior knowledge of specific image formats. By writing a codec once for WIC, developers can get system-wide support for that graphics file format in all applications that use WIC, .NET 3.x or WPF.

Features

Windows Imaging Component provides an extensible architecture for image codecs, pixel formats, and metadata, with automatic run-time discovery of new formats. It supports reading and writing of arbitrary metadata in image files, with the ability to preserve unrecognized metadata during editing. While working with images, it preserves high bit depth image data, up to 32 bits per channel, throughout the revamped high dynamic range image processing pipeline built into Windows Vista.

Windows Imaging Component supports Windows Color System, the ICC V4-compliant color management technology in Windows Vista.

Codecs

By default, Windows Vista ships with JPEG, TIFF, GIF, PNG, BMP and HD Photo encoders and decoders, and an ICO decoder. Additionally, as of 2009, some camera manufacturers^[2] and 3rd-parties^[3]^[4] have released WIC codecs for proprietary raw image formats, enabling Mac-like raw image support to Windows 7 and Vista.^[5] In July 2011, this was extended significantly by Microsoft itself by providing a separate Codec Pack for most current digital cameras.^[6] The Progressive Graphics File (PGF) viewer is distributed with a WIC codec.

Metadata

WIC supports Exchangeable Image File (Exif), PNG textual metadata, image file directory (IFD), IPTC Information Interchange Model (IPTC), and Extensible Metadata Platform (XMP) formats. In addition, WIC includes an extensible framework to support third-party metadata implementations.

Metadata format support is per codec. For example, the native JPEG codec supports XMP but the native GIF and PNG codecs do not.^[7]

Usage

WIC in Microsoft products

WIC is available for Windows XP with Service Pack 2, as a stand-alone downloadable program, and is built into Windows XP with Service Pack 3. It is also available as part of .NET Framework 3.0.^[8] A discontinued PowerToy for Windows XP from Microsoft, known as Photo Info, which allows viewing and editing image metadata from Windows Explorer, also uses WIC.^[9]

Starting with Windows Vista, Windows Explorer, and Windows Photo Gallery, are based on WIC and can thus view and organize images in any format for which a WIC codec is installed. Office 2010 and later versions of the core Office apps (Word, Excel, PowerPoint and Outlook) can import image file formats supported by WIC.

Starting with Windows 7, Windows Media Center (available on Windows 7 Home Premium and above) is WIC-enabled. Also, the GDI+ graphic library is built on WIC, although GDI+ does not load 3rd-party or external codecs. With Windows 7 the WIC stack itself underwent a major overhaul and is now free-threaded, as are all the built-in and external codecs shipping with Windows. Being free-threaded is also a requirement for new codecs targeting Windows 7.^[10]

Third-party support

As of 2018, few third-party imaging applications (image editors, image organizers and image viewers) utilize WIC.

References

1. ^{{cite web|title=The XPS Essentials Pack has been updated to support Windows XP Service Pack 3|url=https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/xps/2008/10/29/the-xps-essentials-pack-has-been-updated-to-support-windows-xp-service-pack-3/|website=XPS Team Blog|publisher=Microsoft|date=29 October 2008}}
2. ^Microsoft Pro Photo Codec's Page {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090908140540/http://www.microsoft.com/prophoto/downloads/codecs.aspx |date=2009-09-08 }}
3. ^Ardfry Imaging, LLC.
4. ^FastPictureViewer WIC Codec Pack
5. ^How to add Mac-like raw image support under Microsoft Windows 7, Vista, and XP
6. ^Microsoft Camera Codec Pack (16.0.0652.0621)
7. ^{{cite web |url=http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms737407.aspx |title=WIC Metadata |work=MSDN |publisher=Microsoft |accessdate=2009-01-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080406105925/http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms737407.aspx |archive-date=2008-04-06 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?familyid=8E011506-6307-445B-B950-215DEF45DDD8&displaylang=en |title=Download WIC for Windows XP |publisher=Microsoft.com |date=2006-11-09 |accessdate=2009-01-25}}
9. ^Photo Info shell extension for Windows Explorer{{Dead link|date=January 2009}}
10. ^Windows 7 Developer White Papers: Windows Imaging Component Codec Guidelines for Camera RAW Image Formats (PDC 2008)"
11. ^Will Expression Designer use WIC{{Dead link|date=January 2009}}
12. ^{{cite web |url=http://k7vi.spaces.live.com/blog/cns!5AF664BF5DA1FDBB!409.entry |title=DAM for Creatives |work=Microsoft blogs |date=September 12, 2007 |accessdate=2009-01-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080705133724/http://k7vi.spaces.live.com/blog/cns%215AF664BF5DA1FDBB%21409.entry |archive-date=2008-07-05 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://support.microsoft.com/kb/941834 |title=Expression Media Service Pack 1 |work=Help & Support |publisher=Microsoft |date=2007-09-29 |accessdate=2009-01-25}}
14. ^WIC import plug-in for Photoshop
15. ^[https://www.gimp-forum.net/Thread-Windows-Imaging-Component-WIC-Plugin Windows Imaging Component (WIC) Plugin]