“Winesap”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Winesap is an old apple cultivar of unknown origin,^[1] dating at least to American Colonial times.^[2]^[3] Its apples are sweet with a tangy finish. They are used for eating, cooking, and are especially prized for cider.

History

Although the particular origin of the 'Winesap' is not clear, authors note that it was known during the Colonial period and is thought to have come from New Jersey.^[2]^[3] The first mention appears to be by Willich and Mease in 1804. They called the apple wine-sop and it was said to have a "sweet, but not sprightly taste".^[4] Coxe described it and provided an illustration in his 1817 book, A View of the Cultivation of Fruit Trees.^[5] Coxe and other authors mention its use for cider.^[6]

'Winesap' was a popular apple in the United States until the 1950s. It stores well, and its decline in popularity has been attributed to the development and increased use of controlled atmosphere storage which allowed a wider variety of apples to be sold over the course of the year.^[2]

Characteristics

The 'Winesap' fruit is small to medium with a deep, cherry red skin and a crisp, yellow flesh. It has moderate disease resistance including to mildew and blooms a few days later than other late varieties. It is all-purpose, being used for fresh eating, cider, apple butter, and pies.^[2]^[3] It is similar to cultivars 'Arkansas Black', 'Arkansas', and 'Paragon'.^[7]

Other names for the 'Winesap' include American Wine Sop, Banana, Hendrick's Sweet, Holland's Red Winter, Potpie, Pot Pie Apple, Red Sweet Wine Sop, Refugee, Royal Red of Kentucky, Texan Red, Winter Winesap.^[3] Many strains exist, of two types - striped or blushed. There are also many sports of the Winesap apple. Seedlings include the 'Stayman Winesap'^[8] and the 'Golden Winesap'.^[9]

References

1. ^{{cite book |author1=Beach, S.A. |author2=Booth, N.O. |author3=Taylor, O.M. |year=1905 |title=The apples of New York |publisher=J. B. Lyon |location=Albany |chapter-url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/56420#page/646/mode/1up |chapter=Winesap |pages=374–376 |volume=1}}
2. ^¹²³{{cite book|last1=Powell|first1=Russell Steven|title=Apples of New England: a user's guide|date=2014|publisher=Countryman Press|location=Woodstock VT|page=123}}
3. ^¹²³{{cite book|last1=Burford|first1=Tom|title=Apples of North America|date=2013|publisher=Timber Press|location=Portland OR|isbn=9781604692495|page=203}}
4. ^{{cite book|last1=Willich|first1=Anthony Florian Madinger|last2=Mease|first2=James|title=The domestic encyclopaedia. Volume 3|publisher=William Young Birch and Andrew Small|location=Philadelphia|page=115}}
5. ^{{cite book|last1=Coxe|first1=William|title=A View of the Cultivation of Fruit Trees|date=1817|publisher=M.Carey & Son}}
6. ^{{cite book|last1=Downing|first1=A.J|last2=Downing|first2=Charles|title=The fruits and fruit-trees of America|date=1883|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|location=New York|page=441}}
7. ^{{cite book |author1=Beach, S.A. |author2=Booth, N.O. |author3=Taylor, O.M. |year=1905 |title=The apples of New York |publisher=J. B. Lyon |location=Albany |chapter-url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/56420#page/51/mode/1up |chapter=Apple Varieties Grouped |pages=23–26 |volume=1}}
8. ^{{cite book |author1=Beach, S.A. |author2=Booth, N.O. |author3=Taylor, O.M. |year=1905 |title=The apples of New York |publisher=J. B. Lyon |location=Albany |chapter-url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/56420#page/542/mode/1up |chapter=Stayman Winesap |pages=318–319 |volume=1}}
9. ^{{cite book|last1=Carlson|first1=R.F.|last2=Degman|first2=E.S.|last3=French|first3=A.P.|last4=Larsen|first4=R. Paul|last5=Maas|first5=Virginia|last6=Mowry|first6=James B.|last7=Rollins|first7=Howard A, Jr.|last8=Upshall|first8=W.H.|last9=Wilcox|first9=Emery|title=North American apples: varieties, rootstocks, outlook|publisher=Michigan State University|location=East Lansing MI}}