| 词条 | Winnie Winkle |
| 释义 |
|title=Winnie Winkle |image= |caption= Winnie Winkle Sunday page of March 6, 1927 |author= Martin Branner (1920–1962) Max Van Bibber (1962–1980) Frank Bolle (1980-1996) |url= |status= Concluded |first= September 20, 1920 |last= July 28, 1996 |syndicate= Chicago Tribune Syndicate |genre= humor |rating= |preceded by= |followed by= }} Winnie Winkle was an American comic strip which appeared over a 76-year span (1920–96). Its premise was conceived by Joseph Medill Patterson,[1] but the stories and artwork were by Martin Branner, who wrote the strip for over 40 years. It was one of the first comic strips about working women.[2] The main character was a young woman who had to support her parents and adopted brother, serving as a reflection of the changing role of women in society. It ran in more than 100 newspapers for several decades, and translations of the strip's Sunday pages were made available in Europe, focusing on her little brother Perry Winkle and his gang. Due to its originality and longevity, Winnie Winkle became a household name and inspired Roy Lichtenstein.[3] It was reprinted in Dell Comics, and some see it as heralding a more independent role for American women after World War I.[4] Publication historyThe Chicago Tribune Syndicate launched the comic strip on September 20, 1920. By 1939, Winnie Winkle was running in more than 140 newspapers.[5] It was titled Winnie Winkle the Breadwinner until 1943.[6] By 1970, Winnie Winkle still ran in more than 150 newspapers.[7] Winnie Winkle ended July 28, 1996, after 76 years, one of the longest runs in American comic strip history. Tribune Media Services, the syndicate that distributed the comic strip, "felt that the Winnie Winkle character was not recognized as a contemporary role model for the '90s." At the time, the strip was carried by only a handful of newspapers.[8]Characters and storyThe eponymous character Winnie Winkle was a young, unmarried woman who had to support her parents, making it the second popular comic strip about working women (after Somebody's Stenog, which debuted in 1918).[9] It was a reflection of the new role of women in society, as could also be seen in comics such as Tillie the Toiler from 1921. Writing for the Associated Press in 1993, Hugh A. Mulligan noted, "After women got the vote and joined the work force, family-centered comics were joined by working-girl strips like Winnie Winkle, Tillie the Toiler, Dixie Dugan, Somebody's Stenog and Brenda Starr, which was drawn by a woman, Dale Messick. Almost from the beginning, politics and a social conscience hovered over the drawing board."[10][11] During its first years, the daily Winnie Winkle evolved from simple gags to more complex humorous situations. A new character was introduced in the form of Perry, a little boy from the backstreets, whom the Winkles adopted in 1922. The focus of the Sunday pages then shifted to the adventures of Perry at home, school and on the streets. Although compelled to wear a duffle coat and fancy clothes, he continued to frequent his old neighborhood. The local gang, the Rinkydinks, in contrast, still wore torn and patchy clothing, and were regarded by Winnie as "loafers." One member of the Rinkydinks was the dunce, Denny Dimwit, who popularized the catch phrase, "Youse is a good boy, Denny."[12] Other major plot elements were the 1937 marriage of Winnie to engineer Will Wright and the disappearance of Will during World War II, leaving a pregnant Winnie behind. This realistic and unfortunate situation was too risqué for some newspapers: The Baltimore Sun dropped the strip early in 1941 because of the pregnancy of Winnie.[14] The comic strip changed significantly over the years; with Winnie working in the fashion industry after the war, seemingly as a widow until her husband returned after a few decades. She took on various other jobs and endeavors over the years, including a stint in the Peace Corps.[15] ArtistsBranner employed a number of assistants, including Royal King Cole (during the 1930s), Rolf Ahlson, Mike Peppe, and Max Van Bibber (1938–1962). Another assistant was the young French author Robert Velter, who on his return to Europe created the famous series Spirou et Fantasio.[16] From 1941 until 1958, Branner's assistant was John A. Berrill, who later created Gil Thorp.[17] After Branner suffered a stroke in 1962, Van Bibber continued the series until 1980, later followed by students from the Joe Kubert School of Cartoon and Graphic Art, and finally by veteran artist Frank Bolle.[18][19] Bolle (who enlisted Leonard Starr to write the strip in 1985)[20] recalled: I did Winnie Winkle for 20 years, and when they told me, "You have 90 days to wrap it up," because they were discontinuing it, I felt terrible, but after I finished it, I didn't even miss it. I was depressed because I lost a good job, but I just didn't miss it. Maybe it was the routine of it every week I didn't miss, but I have a lot of good memories of doing that strip.[21] International spin-offs and translationsIn 1923, Winnie's adopted younger brother Perry Winkle and his friends the Rinkydinks became the focus of the Sunday pages. In Europe, only the Sunday pages were translated. In Holland and France, local artists made new comics about Perry when the number of weekly pages by Branner was no longer sufficient.[22]
FilmsFrom 1926 to 1928, ten Winnie Winkle the Breadwinner movies were produced, written by Branner and starring Ethelyn Gibson as Winnie, with Billy West as director.[28]
AwardsIn 1958, Branner received the National Cartoonists Society's Humor Comic Strip Division Award for Winnie Winkle.[29] ArchivesSyracuse University houses the Martin Branner Cartoons collection of 300 original daily cartoons from Winnie Winkle (1920–1957). There is a complete week from each year represented, with additional random cartoons from each year. (There are no holdings for 1946–47.) The daily cartoons display traces of graphite, blue pencil, Zip-A-Tone, brush, pen and ink on illustration board measuring approximately 7 ¼ x 22 ½ inches.[30] The Smithsonian's National Museum of American History has 28 volumes of Branner's proofs for the strip.[31]{{clear}}References1. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,761597-2,00.html |title=1,848,320 of Them |accessdate=February 22, 2007 |author=Time |authorlink=Time (magazine) |date=July 3, 1939 |quote=[Joe Patterson] thought up The Gumps (his mother coined the word), Winnie Winkle the Breadwinner, Dick Tracy}} 2. ^{{cite book |last1=Drowne |first1=Kathleen Morgan |last2=Huber |first2=Patrick |title=The 1920s |url= |year=2004 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-313-32013-2 |page=280 |quote=And Martin Branner's Winnie Winkle… marked the advent of a number of strips featuring modern wage-earning women}} 3. ^{{cite news |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CE7DC1231F93BA35753C1A965958260&n=Top%2fReference%2fTimes%20Topics%2fPeople%2fL%2fLichtenstein%2c%20Roy |title=On Top With Pop: A Virtuoso Of Irony |accessdate=February 23, 2007 |author=New York Times |authorlink=New York Times |date=October 8, 1993 | work=The New York Times}} 4. ^{{cite news |url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/centennial/april/women.html |title=New Women Stride In |accessdate=February 23, 2007 |author=The Seattle Times |authorlink=The Seattle Times |date=April 7, 1996 |quote=By mid-decade, "Betty" and "Winnie Winkle, The Breadwinner" joined these old stand-bys, celebrating the fun and independence of single young women.}} 5. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,760785,00.html |title=Winnie on a Bus |accessdate=February 22, 2007 |author=Time |authorlink=Time (magazine) |date=February 20, 1939}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://xroads.virginia.edu/~UG00/lambert/gordon.html |title=Comic Strips of the 1920s |accessdate=February 23, 2007 |author=Ian Gordon |year=1998 |quote=Until 1943 it carried the subtitle "The Breadwinner.}} 7. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,878315,00.html |title=Martin Branner obituary |accessdate=February 22, 2007 |author=Time |authorlink=Time (magazine) |date=June 1, 1970}} 8. ^{{cite news |first=David |last=Hinckley |title=Ms. Winkle out at 75 time passes Winnie by |url=https://www.nydailynews.com/archives/news/1996/07/26/1996-07-26_ms__winkle_out_at_75_time_pa.html |publisher=Daily News |location=New York |page=4 |date=July 26, 1996 |accessdate=March 17, 2009}} 9. ^{{cite web |url=http://xroads.virginia.edu/~UG00/lambert/gordon.html |title=Comic Strips of the 1920s |accessdate=February 23, 2007 |author=Ian Gordon |year=1998 |quote="Winnie Winkle" was the first of a genre of "working girl" comic strips.}} But Somebody's Stenog, featuring secretary Cam O'Flage and her female officemates, debuted on December 16, 1918: {{cite web |url=http://www.toonopedia.com/stenog.htm |title=Somebody's Stenog |author=Don Markstein |work=Don Markstein's Toonpedia |accessdate=September 1, 2016}} 10. ^{{cite web |url= https://www.loc.gov/loc/lcib/9513/funnies.html|title=Featuring the Funnies |accessdate=February 22, 2007 |author=Library of Congress |authorlink=Library of Congress |date=June 25, 1995 |quote=Women entering the workplace inspired such strips as "Winnie Winkle the Breadwinner," "Tillie the Toiler" and "Somebody's Stenog," albeit in subservient roles.}} 11. ^{{cite web |url=http://archives.seattletimes.nwsource.com/cgi-bin/texis.cgi/web/vortex/display?slug=1716044&date=19930815&query=winnie+winkle |title=Comic Strips Bring Readers A Century Of Humor, Adventure And Controversy |accessdate=February 23, 2007 |author=The Seattle Times |authorlink=The Seattle Times |date=August 15, 1993 |quote=After women got the vote and joined the work force, family-centered comics were joined by working-girl strips like Winnie Winkle, Tillie the Toiler, Dixie Dugan, Somebody's Stenog and Brenda Starr[...]}} 12. ^Cartoonacy: Denny Dimwit 13. ^Griffith, Bill. Zippy the Pinhead, December 19, 2005. 14. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,789965,00.html |title=Racketeers of Childhood |accessdate=February 22, 2007 |author=Time |authorlink=Time (magazine) |date=February 24, 1941 |quote=[...] few newspapers carry innocence in funnies so far as did the Baltimore Sun last week: It dropped Winnie Winkle because she is going to have a baby.}} 15. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,898627-2,00.html |title=Good Grief |accessdate=February 22, 2007 |author=Time |authorlink=Time (magazine) |date=April 9, 1965}} 16. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.bedetheque.com/auteur-4187-BD-Rob-Vel.html |title=Rob-Vel |accessdate=February 22, 2007 |author=Bédétheque |language=French}} 17. ^{{cite news |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0DEFDB1639F935A25750C0A960958260 |title=John A. Berrill, Cartoonist, 72 |accessdate=February 22, 2007 |author=New York Times |authorlink=New York Times |date=March 16, 1996 | work=The New York Times}} 18. ^{{cite web |url=http://lambiek.net/artists/v/van-bibber_max.htm |title=Max Van Bibber |accessdate=February 22, 2007 |author=Kees Kousemaker |publisher=Comiclopedia}} 19. ^{{cite web |url=http://lambiek.net/artists/k/kubert.htm |title=Joe Kubert |accessdate=February 23, 2007 |author=Kees Kousemaker |publisher=Comiclopedia}} 20. ^Carlson, Mark. Winnie Winkle–The Saga of America’s Working Girl 21. ^Petrilak, Joe. Frank Bolle Interview 22. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.glenatbd.com/default.asp?Id=http%3A//www.glenatbd.com/bicot-9782723424295.htm |title=Glénat BD: Bicot |accessdate=February 22, 2007 |publisher=Glénat |language=French}} 23. ^{{cite web |url=http://lambiek.net/artists/b/branner.htm |title=Martin Branner |accessdate=February 22, 2007 |author=Kees Kousemaker |publisher=Comiclopedia}} 24. ^{{cite web |url=http://lambiek.net/aanvang/1950sjors.htm |title=Sjors van de Rebellenclub |accessdate=February 22, 2007 |author=Kees Kousemaker |publisher=Comiclopedia |language=Dutch}} 25. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.lambiek.net/artists/p/piet.htm|title= Frans Piët |accessdate=June 27, 2018 |author=Kees Kousemaker |publisher=Comiclopedia |language=Dutch}} 26. ^{{cite book |last=Béra |first=Michel |author2=Denni, Michel |author3=Mellot, Philippe |title=Trésors de la Bande Dessinée 2003–2004 |year= 2002 |publisher=Les éditions de l'amateur |location=Paris |language=French |isbn=2-85917-357-9 |pages=97–98}} 27. ^VAN HOOYDONCK, Pieter, “Willy Vandersteen: de Bruegel van het Beeldverhaal”, Standaard Uitgeverij, Antwerpen, 1994, page 67-68, 87, 88, 89, 95, 113, 116, 118, 125, 130, 175, 177, 183. 28. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.toonopedia.com/winnie.htm |title=Winnie Winkle |accessdate=March 17, 2009 |publisher=Don Markstein's Toonopedia | archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/6bb2bWh09 | archivedate= September 16, 2015| deadurl=no}} 29. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.reuben.org/ncs/archive/divisions/strips.asp |title=NCS Awards |author=Reubens.org |authorlink=National Cartoonists Society |accessdate=February 22, 2007}} 30. ^Syracuse University Special Collections: Martin Branner Cartoons 31. ^Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of American History External links
10 : Comics characters introduced in 1920|1920 comics debuts|1996 comics endings|American comic strips|Fictional American people|American comics characters|Gag-a-day comics|American comics adapted into films|Comic strips syndicated by Tribune Content Agency|Female characters in comics |
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