| 词条 | Wop |
| 释义 |
EtymologyThe Merriam-Webster dictionary states wop's first known use was in the United States in 1908, and that it originates from the Southern Italian dialectal term guappo, roughly meaning "dandy", "dude", or "stud", derived from the Spanish term guapo, meaning "good-looking", "dandy", from Latin vappa for "sour wine", also "worthless fellow".[2][3][4] It also has roots in the Latin vappa, meaning wine gone flat.[3] In Neapolitan and other Southern Italian dialects, guappo is pronounced as wah-po.[5][6] As Southern Italian dialects often feature unaspirated stops or "swallow" the final vowels in a word, guappo would often sound closer to wahpp to American or Anglo ears. Guappo historically refers to a type of flashy, boisterous, swaggering, dandy-like men in the Naples area. The word eventually became associated with members of the Camorra and has often been used in the Naples area as a friendly or humorous term of address among men.[7] The word likely transformed into the slur "wop" following the arrival of Italian immigrants into the United States, Italian immigrant males would often refer to one another as "guappo" in a jocular or playful manner; as these Italian immigrants often worked as manual laborers in the United States, their native-born American employers and fellow laborers took notice of the Italians' playful term of address and eventually began deploying it as a derogatory term for all Italians.[6] The term "guappo" was especially used by older Italian immigrant males to refer to the younger Italian male immigrants arriving in America.[8][5] False etymologiesOne false etymology or backronym of wop is that it is an acronym for "without passport" or "without papers", implying that Italian immigrants entered the U.S. as undocumented or illegal immigrants.[9][10][11] The term has nothing to do with immigration documents, as these were not required by U.S. immigration officers until 1918,[12] after the slur had already come into use in the United States.[10] Another backronym is that wop stands for "working on pavement," based on a stereotype that Italian immigrants and Italian-American men typically do manual labor such as road building.[13][14] Turning acronyms into words did not become common practice until after World War II, accelerating along with the growth of the US space program and the Cold War. The first use of wop significantly predates that period.[9] See also{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
References1. ^Embury, Stuart P. (2006). "Chapter One: The Early Years". The Art and Life of Luigi Lucioni. Embury Publishing Company. pp. 1-4. {{Ethnic slurs}}2. ^[https://www.etymonline.com/word/wop Wop]. Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved on 2018-07-30. 3. ^1 Wop. Merriam-webster.com. Retrieved on 2015-10-11. 4. ^Wop. Dictionary.reference.com. Retrieved on 2015-10-11. 5. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Delgado|first1=Richard|last2=Stefancic|first2=Jean|title=Understanding Words That Wound|date=2004|publisher=Westview Press|page=57|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7mXuAAAAMAAJ&q=wop+guappo+pronounced&dq=wop+guappo+pronounced&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwie9tKHkJXSAhVHylQKHZrWCIwQ6AEIGjAA}} 6. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Mencken|first1=H.L.|title=American Language Supplement 1|date=2012|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group|pages=604–605|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7mXuAAAAMAAJ&q=wop+guappo+pronounced&dq=wop+guappo+pronounced&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwie9tKHkJXSAhVHylQKHZrWCIwQ6AEIGjAA}} 7. ^{{it icon}} Quando il guappo non era camorrista, Il Denaro Nr. 159, August 26, 2006 8. ^{{cite book|last1=Csóti|title=Contentious Issues: Discussion Stories for Young People|date=2002|publisher=Jessica Kingsley Publishers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T9Fnss15yXoC&pg=PA87&dq=wop+guappo+pronounced&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwie9tKHkJXSAhVHylQKHZrWCIwQ6AEIUTAJ#v=onepage&q=wop%20guappo%20pronounced&f=false}} 9. ^1 {{cite web|title=Ingenious Trifling|url=http://www.etymonline.com/baloney.php|website=Etymoline|accessdate=1 October 2015}} 10. ^1 {{cite book|last1=O'Conner|first1=Patricia T.|title=Origins of the Specious: Myths and Misconceptions of the English Language|date=2009|publisher=Random House|location=New York|page=145|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hsu47CBwJPUC&lpg=PA145&ots=Z3qGPB4ilN&dq=origins%20of%20the%20specious%20wop&pg=PA145#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=27 October 2015}} 11. ^{{cite news|last1=Will|authorlink=George Will|first1=George|title=Yogi Berra, an American Story|url=http://www.nationalreview.com/article/424509/yogi-berra-obituary-eulogy|accessdate=1 October 2015|agency=Washington Post|publisher=National Review|date=September 23, 2015}} 12. ^{{Cite web|title=Your immigrant ancestors came here legally? Are you sure?|publisher=The Philadelphia Inquirer|author=Michael Matza|date=25 June 2017|accessdate=16 January 2018|url=http://www.philly.com/philly/news/breaking/your-immigrant-ancestors-came-here-legally-are-you-sure-20170625.html}} 13. ^{{cite book|last1=Rappoport|first1=Leon|title=Punchlines: The Case for Racial, Ethnic, and Gender Humor|date=2005|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P3HkmPhf2mYC&dq=wop+guappo+pronounced&source=gbs_navlinks_s}} 14. ^{{cite book|last1=Milian|first1=Claudia|title=Latining America: Black-Brown Passages and the Coloring of Latino/a Studies|date=2013|publisher=University of Georgia Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CSDhAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA200&dq=wop+guappo+dialect&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiw6u-yj5XSAhUlr1QKHb61AuoQ6AEIQjAH#v=onepage&q=wop%20guappo%20dialect&f=false}} 4 : Anti-European and anti-white slurs|Anti-Italian sentiment|Ethnic and religious slurs|American slang |
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