“World Bank high-income economy”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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World Bank high-income economy

释义

List of high-income economies (as of 2019 fiscal year)
High income UN members High income non-UN members Former high-income economies
Historical thresholds
See also
References

A high-income economy is defined by the World Bank as a country with a gross national income per capita US$12,056 or more in 2017, calculated using the Atlas method.^[1] While the term "high-income" is often used interchangeably with "First World" and "developed country", the technical definitions of these terms differ. The term "first world" commonly refers to countries that aligned themselves with the U.S. and NATO during the Cold War. Several institutions, such as the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) or International Monetary Fund (IMF), take factors other than high per capita income into account when classifying countries as "developed" or "advanced economies". According to the United Nations, for example, some high-income countries may also be developing countries. The GCC countries, for example, are classified as developing high-income countries. Thus, a high-income country may be classified as either developed or developing.^[1] Although the Holy See is a sovereign state, it is not classified by the World Bank under this definition.

List of high-income economies (as of 2019 fiscal year)

According to the World Bank the following 81 countries (including territories) are classified as "high-income economies".^[2] In brackets the year(s) during which they held such classification.

As of the 2019 fiscal year, high-income economies are those that had a GNI per capita of $12,056 or more—in 2017.

High income UN members

{{flag|Andorra}} (1990–present)
{{flag|Antigua and Barbuda}} (2002, 2005–08, 2012–present)
{{flag|Argentina}} (2014, 2017–present)
{{flag|Australia}} (1987–present)
{{flag|Austria}} (1987–present)
{{flag|The Bahamas}} (1987–present)
{{flag|Bahrain}} (1987–89, 2001–present)
{{flag|Barbados}} (1989, 2000, 2002, 2006–present)
{{flag|Belgium}} (1987–present)
{{flag|Brunei}} (1987, 1990–present)
{{flag|Canada}} (1987–present)
{{flag|Chile}} (2012–present)
{{flag|Croatia}} (2008–2015, 2017–present)
{{flag|Cyprus}} (1988–present)
{{flag|Czech Republic}} (2006–present)
{{flag|Denmark}} (1987–present)
{{flag|Estonia}} (2006–present)
{{flag|Finland}} (1987–present)
{{flag|France}} (1987–present)
{{flag|Germany}} (1987–present)

{{flag|Greece}} (1996–present)
{{flag|Hungary}} (2007–11, 2014–present)
{{flag|Iceland}} (1987–present)
{{flag|Ireland}} (1987–present)
{{flag|Israel}} (1987–present)
{{flag|Italy}} (1987–present)
{{flag|Japan}} (1987–present)
{{flag|South Korea}} (1993–97, 1999–present)
{{flag|Kuwait}} (1987–present)
{{flag|Latvia}} (2009, 2012–present)
{{flag|Liechtenstein}} (1994–present)
{{flag|Lithuania}} (2012–present)
{{flag|Luxembourg}} (1987–present)
{{flag|Malta}} (1989, 1998, 2000, 2002–present)
{{flag|Monaco}} (1994–present)
{{flag|Netherlands}} (1987–present)
{{flag|New Zealand}} (1987–present)
{{flag|Norway}} (1987–present)
{{flag|Oman}} (2007–present)
{{flag|Palau}} (2016–present)

{{flag|Panama}} (2017–present)
{{flag|Poland}} (2009–present)
{{flag|Portugal}} (1994–present)
{{flag|Qatar}} (1987–present)
{{flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis}} (2012–present)
{{flag|San Marino}} (1991–93, 2000–present)
{{flag|Saudi Arabia}} (1987–89, 2004–present)
{{flag|Seychelles}} (2014–present)
{{flag|Singapore}} (1987–present)
{{flag|Slovakia}} (2007–present)
{{flag|Slovenia}} (1997–present)
{{flag|Spain}} (1987–present)
{{flag|Sweden}} (1987–present)
{{flag|Switzerland}} (1987–present)
{{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}} (2006–present)
{{flag|United Arab Emirates}} (1987–present)
{{flag|United Kingdom}} (1987–present)
{{flag|United States}} (1987–present)
{{flag|Uruguay}} (2012–present)

High income non-UN members

{{flag|Aruba}} (1987–present)
{{flag|Bermuda}} (1987–present)
{{flag|British Virgin Islands}} (2015–present)
{{flag|Cayman Islands}} (1993–present)
{{flagicon|GGY}}{{flagicon|JEY}} Channel Islands (1987–present)
{{flag|Curaçao}} (1994–present)^a
{{flag|Faroe Islands}} (1987–present)
{{flag|French Polynesia}} (1990–present)

{{flag|Gibraltar}} (2009–10, 2015–present)
{{flag|Greenland}} (1987–present)
{{flag|Guam}} (1987–89, 1995–present)
{{flag|Hong Kong}} (1987–present)
{{flag|Isle of Man}} (1987–89, 2002–present)
{{flag|Macao}} (1994–present)
{{flag|New Caledonia}} (1995–present)

{{flag|Northern Mariana Islands}} (1995–2001, 2007–present)
{{flag|Puerto Rico}} (1989, 2002–present)
{{flag|Saint Martin}} (2010–present)
{{flag|Sint Maarten}} (1994–present)^a
{{flag|Taiwan}} (1987–present)
{{flag|Turks and Caicos Islands}} (2009–present)
{{flag|U.S. Virgin Islands}} (1987–present)

Former high-income economies

In parenthesis the year(s) during which they held such classification.^[3]

{{flag|American Samoa}} (1987–89)
{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}} (2007–14)
{{flag|Nauru}} (2015)

{{flag|Netherlands Antilles}} (1994–2009)^b
{{flag|Russia}} (2012–14)
{{flag|Venezuela}} (2014)

{{col-break}}{{col-end}}^a Between 1994 and 2009, as part of the {{flag|Netherlands Antilles}}.^b Dissolved on 10 October 2010. Succeeded by Curaçao and Sint Maarten.

Historical thresholds

The high-income threshold was originally set in 1989 at US$6,000 in 1987 prices. Thresholds for subsequent years were adjusted taking into account the average inflation in the G-5 countries (the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, Germany and France), and from 2001, that of Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States and the eurozone.^[4] Thus, the thresholds remain constant in real terms over time.^[3] To ensure no country falls right on the threshold, country data are rounded to the nearest 10 and income thresholds are rounded to the nearest 5.^[5]

The following table shows the high-income threshold from 1987 onwards. Countries with a GNI per capita (calculated using the Atlas method) above this threshold are classified by the World Bank as "high-income economies".^[3]

Year	GNI per capita (US$)	Date of classification
1987	6,000	1988-10-02}}
1988	6,000	1989-09-13}}
1989	6,000	1990-08-29}}
1990	7,620	1991-09-11}}
1991	7,910	1992-08-24}}
1992	8,355	1993-09-09}}
1993	8,625	1994-09-02}}
1994	8,955	1995-06-08}}
1995	9,385	1996-06-03}}
1996	9,645	1997-07-01}}
1997	9,655	1998-07-01}}
1998	9,360	1999-07-01}}
1999	9,265	2000-07-01}}
2000	9,265	2001-07-01}}
2001	9,205	2002-07-01}}
2002	9,075	2003-07-01}}
2003	9,385	2004-07-01}}
2004	10,065	2005-07-01}}
2005	10,725	2006-07-01}}
2006	11,115	2007-07-01}}
2007	11,455	2008-07-01}}
2008	11,905	2009-07-01}}
2009	12,195	2010-07-01}}
2010	12,275	2011-07-01}}
2011	12,475	2012-07-01}}
2012	12,615	2013-07-01}}
2013	12,745	2014-07-01}}
2014	12,735	2015-07-01}}
2015	12,475	2016-07-01}}
2016	12,236	2017-07-01}}
2017	12,056	2018-07-01}}

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/tdstat30_enfr.pdf|title=UN. (2005). UNCTAD Handbook of Statistics.|accessdate=2007-07-09}}
2. ^¹Country and Lending Groups. World Bank. Accessed on July 1, 2017.
3. ^¹²{{cite web|url=http://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/site-content/Trac.xls |title=comparison with the previous fiscal year |publisher=World Bank |date= |accessdate=2018-04-22}}
4. ^The Atlas Method, World Bank.
5. ^{{cite web |title=The Interim Measure for calculating financial contributions: review of cut-off points defining capacity-to-pay groups |url=http://iwcoffice.org/_documents/commission/future/60-F&A4.pdf |work=Agenda item 4|date=2008-06-04}}

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