| 词条 | World Magnetic Model |
| 释义 |
The World Magnetic Model (WMM) is a large spatial-scale representation of the Earth's magnetic field. It consists of a degree and order 12 spherical harmonic expansion of the magnetic potential of the geomagnetic main field generated in the Earth’s core. Apart from the 168 spherical-harmonic "Gauss" coefficients, the model also has an equal number of spherical-harmonic Secular-Variation (SV) coefficients predicting the temporal evolution of the field over the upcoming five-year epoch. WMM is the standard geomagnetic model of the United States Department of Defense (DoD), the Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom), the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and the World Hydrographic Office (WHO) navigation and attitude/heading reference. It is also used widely in civilian navigation systems. For example, WMM is pre-installed in Android and iOS devices to correct for the magnetic declination. The WMM is produced by the U.S. National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) in collaboration with the British Geological Survey (BGS). The model, associated software, and documentation are distributed by the NGDC on behalf of National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA). Updated model coefficients are released at 5-year intervals, with WMM2015 (released Dec 15, 2014) supposed to last until December 31, 2019. However, due to extraordinarily large and erratic movements of the north magnetic pole, an out-of-cycle update (WMM2015v2) was released in February 2019[1] (delayed by a few weeks due to the U.S. federal government shutdown)[2] to accurately model the magnetic field above 55° north latitude until the end of 2019. The next regular update (WMM2020) will occur in late 2019. See also
References1. ^{{cite web | title=The World Magnetic Model and Associated Software | url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/geomag/WMM/soft.shtml | date=4 February 2019 | publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information | accessdate=6 February 2019}} 2. ^{{cite journal|title = Earth's magnetic field is acting up and geologists don't know why | last = Witze | first = Alexandra | journal = Nature | volume = 565 | issue = 7738 | pages = 143–144 | date = January 9, 2019 | doi = 10.1038/d41586-019-00007-1 | url = https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-00007-1 }} External links
1 : Geomagnetism |
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