词条 | Fruit of the Holy Spirit |
释义 |
The Fruit of the Holy Spirit is a biblical term that sums up nine attributes of a person or community living in accord with the Holy Spirit, according to chapter 5 of the Epistle to the Galatians: "But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control."[2] The fruit is contrasted with the works of the flesh which immediately precede it in this chapter. Catholic tradition follows the Vulgate version of Galatians in listing 12 fruits: charity, joy, peace, patience, benignity (kindness), goodness, longanimity (generosity), mildness (gentleness), faith, modesty, continency (self-control), and chastity.[3] This tradition was defended by Thomas Aquinas in his work Summa Theologica.[4] Early commentaryAquinas pointed that numbered among the fruits of the Holy Spirit are certain virtues, such as charity, meekness, faith, chastity, and kindness.[5] Augustine defined virtue as "a good habit consonant with our nature." [6]Though traditionally discussed as nine attributes of the Fruit of the Spirit, the original Greek term translated as "fruit" is singular. Aquinas explained, "Consequently fruit is mentioned there in the singular, on account of its being generically one, though divided into many species which are spoken of as so many fruits."[5] Augustine's commentary on Galatians 5:25-26 says, "the Apostle had no intention of teaching us how many [either works of the flesh, or fruits of the Spirit] there are; but to show how the former should be avoided, and the latter sought after."[5] Love (Greek: agape, Latin: caritas){{Main|Agape}}Agape (love) denotes an undefeatable benevolence and unconquerable goodwill that always seeks the highest good for others, no matter their behavior. It is a love that gives freely without asking anything in return, and does not consider the worth of its object.[7][8] Agape is more a love by choice than philos, which is love by chance; and it refers to the will rather than the emotion. Agape describes the unconditional love God has for the world. Paul describes love in 1 Corinthians 13:4–8:[9]{{Quote|Love is patient, love is kind. It does not envy, it does not boast, it is not proud. It does not dishonor others, it is not self-seeking, it is not easily angered, it keeps no record of wrongs. Love does not delight in evil but rejoices with the truth. It always protects, always trusts, always hopes, always perseveres. Love never fails. But where there are prophecies, they will cease; where there are tongues, they will be stilled; where there is knowledge, it will pass away.|sign=|source=}}According to Strong's Greek Lexicon, the word ἀγάπη [G26] (Transliteration: agapē) means love, i.e. affection or benevolence; specially (plural) a love-feast:—(feast of) charity(-ably), dear, love.[10]
Outline of Biblical Usage:
The Greek word ἀγάπη (agapē) occurs 117 times in 106 verses in the Greek concordance of the NASB. Joy (Greek: chara, Latin: gaudium)The joy referred to here is deeper than mere happiness, is rooted in God and comes from Him. Since it comes from God, it is more serene and stable than worldly happiness, which is merely emotional and lasts only for a time. According to Strong's Greek Lexicon, the Greek word listed in the verse is χαρά (G5479), meaning 'joy', 'gladness', or 'a source of joy'. The Greek χαρά (chara) occurs 59 times in 57 verses in the Greek concordance of the NASB.
Joy (Noun and Verb), Joyfulness, Joyfully, Joyous: "joy, delight" (akin to chairo, "to rejoice"), is found frequently in Matthew and Luke, and especially in John, once in Mark (Mar 4:16, RV, "joy," AV, "gladness"); it is absent from 1 Cor. (though the verb is used three times), but is frequent in 2 Cor., where the noun is used five times (for 2Cr 7:4, RV, see Note below), and the verb eight times, suggestive of the Apostle's relief in comparison with the circumstances of the 1st Epistle; in Col 1:11, AV, "joyfulness," RV, "joy." The word is sometimes used, by metonymy, of the occasion or cause of "joy," Luk 2:10 (lit., "I announce to you a great joy"); in 2Cr 1:15, in some mss., for charis, "benefit;" Phl 4:1, where the readers are called the Apostle's "joy;" so 1Th 2:19, 20; Hbr 12:2, of the object of Christ's "joy;" Jam 1:2, where it is connected with falling into trials; perhaps also in Mat 25:21, 23, where some regard it as signifying, concretely, the circumstances attending cooperation in the authority of the Lord. Peace (Greek: eirene, Latin: pax)The Greek word εἰρήνη (Strong's G1515)(eirēnē)(transliteration: i-ray'-nay), probably derived from a primary verb εἴρω eírō (to join), means peace (literally or figuratively); by implication, prosperity:—one, peace, quietness, rest, + set at one again.[12] The word "peace" comes from the Greek word eirene, the Greek equivalent for the Hebrew word shalom, which expresses the idea of wholeness, completeness, or tranquility in the soul that is unaffected by the outward circumstances or pressures. The word eirene strongly suggests the rule of order in place of chaos.[13] The Greek εἰρήνη (eirēnē) occurs 92 times in 86 verses in the Greek concordance of the KJV. The KJV translates Strong's G1515 in the following manner: peace (89x), one (1x), rest (1x), quietness (1x). The outline of Biblical usage is as follows:
Jesus is described as the Prince of Peace, who brings peace to the hearts of those who desire it. He says in John 14:27:[14] "Peace I leave with you, My peace I give to you; not as the world gives do I give to you. Let not your heart be troubled, neither let it be afraid". In Matthew 5:9 he says, "Blessed are the peacemakers, for they will be called sons of God."[15] Patience (Greek: makrothumia, Latin: longanimitas)Generally the Greek world applied this word to a man who could avenge himself but did not. This word is often used in the Greek Scriptures in reference to God and God's attitude to humans.[16] Exodus 34:6 describes the Lord as "slow to anger and rich in kindness and fidelity." Patience, which in some translations is "longsuffering" or "endurance", is defined in Strong's by two Greek words, makrothumia and hupomone.
"With lowliness and meekness, with longsuffering, forbearing one another in love".[18] Kindness (Greek: chrestotes, Latin: benignitas)In Greek, old wine was called "chrestos" which meant that it was mellow or smooth.[16] Christ used this word in Matthew 11:30, "For my yoke is easy, and my burden light." Kindness is acting for the good of people regardless of what they do, properly, "useable, i.e. well-fit for use (for what is really needed); kindness that is also serviceable".[19] Kindness is doing something and not expecting anything in return. Kindness is respect and helping others without waiting for someone to help one back. It implies kindness no matter what. We should live "in purity, understanding, patience and kindness; in the Holy Spirit and in sincere love; in truthful speech and in the power of God; with weapons of righteousness in the right hand and in the left".[23] Goodness (Greek: agathosune, Latin: bonitas)
Popular English Bibles (e.g. NIV, NASB, NLT) translate the single Greek word chrestotes into two English words: kindness and goodness. "Wherefore also we pray always for you, that our God would count you worthy of this calling, and fulfill all the good pleasure of his goodness, and the work of faith with power".[24] "For the fruit of the Spirit is in all goodness and righteousness and truth",[25] with agathosune being "found only in Biblical and ecclesiastical writings, uprightness of heart and life".[26] Faithfulness (Greek: pistis, Latin: fides)The root of pistis[27] ("faith") is peithô,[28] that is to persuade or be persuaded, which supplies the core-meaning of faith as being "divine persuasion", received from God, and never generated by man. It is defined as the following: objectively, trustworthy; subjectively, trustful:—believe(-ing, -r), faithful(-ly), sure, true.[29]
The Greek πιστός (pistos) occurs 67 times in 62 verses in the Greek concordance of the KJV: faithful (53x), believe (6x), believing (2x), true (2x), faithfully (1x), believer (1x), sure (1x). Outline of Biblical Usage[29] Examples: "O Lord, thou art my God; I will exalt thee, I will praise thy name; for thou hast done wonderful things; thy counsels of old are faithfulness and truth".[30] "I pray that out of his glorious riches he may strengthen you with power through his Spirit in your inner being, so that Christ may dwell in your hearts through faith".{{Bibleref2c|Eph|3:16-17}} The writer of the Letter to the Hebrews describes it this way: "Let us fix our eyes on Jesus, the author and perfecter of our faith, who for the joy set before him endured the cross, scorning its shame, and sat down at the right hand of the throne of God".[31] Gentleness (Greek: prautes, Latin: modestia)Gentleness, in the Greek, prautes, commonly known as meekness, is "a divinely-balanced virtue that can only operate through faith (cf. {{bibleref2c|1 Tim|6:11}}; {{Bibleref2c|2 Tim|2:22-25}}).[32]The New Spirit Filled Life Bible defines gentleness as "a disposition that is even-tempered, tranquil, balanced in spirit, unpretentious, and that has the passions under control. The word is best translated 'meekness,' not as an indication of weakness, but of power and strength under control. The person who possesses this quality pardons injuries, corrects faults, and rules his own spirit well".
"Brothers and sisters, if someone is caught in a sin, you who live by the Spirit should restore that person gently. But watch yourselves, or you also may be tempted".{{Bibleref2c|Gal|6:1}}
"Be completely humble and gentle; be patient, bearing with one another in love".{{Bibleref2c|Eph|4:2}} Self-control (Greek: egkrateia, Latin: continentia)The Greek word used in Galatians 5:23 is "egkrateia", meaning "strong, having mastery, able to control one's thoughts and actions."[33] We read also: "...make every effort to add to your faith goodness; and to goodness, knowledge; and to knowledge, self-control; and to self-control, perseverance; and to perseverance, godliness; and to godliness, mutual affection; and to mutual affection, love".{{Bibleref2c|2Peter|1:5-7|TNIV|2 Pet 1:5-7}} See also
BibliographyCitations1. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.dia.ie/works/view/57668/building/CO.+DUBLIN%2C+DUBLIN%2C+CHRISTCHURCH+PLACE%2C+CHRIST+CHURCH+CATHEDRAL+%28CI%29 |title=CO. DUBLIN, DUBLIN, CHRISTCHURCH PLACE, CHRIST CHURCH CATHEDRAL (CI) |author= |work=Dictionary of Irish Architects 1720–1940 |publisher=Irish Architectural Archive |accessdate=13 February 2013}} 2. ^{{Bibleref2|Galatians|5:22-23|NIV}} 3. ^{{Bibleref2|Galatians|5:22-23|VULGATE}}: Fructus autem Spiritus est caritas, gaudium, pax, patientia, benignitas, bonitas, longanimitas, mansuetudo, fides, modestia, continentia, castitas. Adversus hujusmodi non est lex. 4. ^{{cite book |editor-first1=F. L. |editor-last1=Cross |editor-first2=E. A. |editor-last2=Livingstone |title=The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church |publisher=Oxford University Press |edition=3rd |date=1998 |isbn=0-19-211655-X |page=644}} 5. ^1 2 Thomas Aquinas. Summa Theologica, Second and Revised Edition, Fathers of the English Dominican Province, 1920 6. ^Waldron, Martin Augustine. "Virtue." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 15. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 5 May 2015 7. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/God-Who-Loves-You-Excelling/dp/1586170171|title=The God Who Loves You: Love Divine, All Loves Excelling|last=Kreeft|first=Peter|date=November 30, 2004|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=December 22, 2018}} 8. ^{{Cite book|title=The Four Loves|last=Lewis|first=C. S.|publisher=Fount|year=1960|isbn=0-00-628089-7|location=London|pages=}} 9. ^Quoted from the New International Version: {{Bibleverse|1 Corinthians |13:4–8|NIV}} 10. ^[https://www.blueletterbible.org/lang/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?strongs=G26] 11. ^[https://www.blueletterbible.org/lang/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?strongs=G5479] 12. ^[https://www.blueletterbible.org/lang/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?strongs=G1515 (Strong G1515)] 13. ^Renner, Rick. Sparkling Gems from the Greek., Teach All Nations, 2007. {{ISBN|978-0-9725454-7-1}} 14. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+14%3A27&version=KJV|title=Bible Gateway passage: John 14:27 - King James Version|website=Bible Gateway|access-date=2018-12-22}} 15. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+5%3A7&version=KJV|title=Bible Gateway passage: Matthew 5:7 - King James Version|website=Bible Gateway|access-date=2018-12-22}} 16. ^1 Pope, Charles. "A Brief Treatise on the Fruits of the Holy Spirit", Archdiocese of Washington, January 27, 2013 17. ^ Thayer's Greek Lexicon - STRONGS NT 3115: μακροθυμία 18. ^Eph4:2 19. ^ Strong's Greek Concordance 5544. chréstotés 20. ^Romans 11:22 21. ^Ephesians 2:7 22. ^Titus 3:4 23. ^2Cor 6:6-7 24. ^2 Thessalonians 1:11 25. ^Ephesians 5:9 26. ^ Strong's Greek Concordance 19. agathosune 27. ^ Strong's Greek Concordance 4102. pistis 28. ^ Strong's Greek Concordance 3982. peithó 29. ^1 [https://www.blueletterbible.org/lang/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?strongs=G4103] 30. ^Isaiah 25:1 31. ^Heb 12:2 32. ^ Strong's Greek Concordance 4240. prautés: gentleness 33. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=Rzp2N6kQOH4C&pg=PT146&dq=fruit+of+the+holy+spirit&hl=en&sa=X&ei=sTFJVazFEo_5yQSS5oFA&ved=0CE4Q6AEwBzgK#v=onepage&q=fruit%20of%20the%20holy%20spirit&f=false Graham, Billy. "The Holy Spirit: Activating God's Power in Your Life", Thomas Nelson Inc, 2011] {{ISBN|9781418515690}} Sources
6 : Spiritual gifts|Christian ethics in the Bible|Holy Spirit|Christian terminology|Pauline Christianity|Fruit of the Holy Spirit |
随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识,基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识,是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。