“Wrexham Industrial Estate”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Wrexham Industrial Estate is a well defined industrial area in Wrexham. It is suited on the eastern outskirts of the town and 2.5 miles from the centre of Wrexham. Originally the site of a World War II munitions factory, the estate later became known as the Wrexham Trading Estate. It has now grown to cover approximately {{convert|550|ha|acre|0}} and the largest industrial estate in Wales, second in the UK after Trafford Park, and one of the largest industrial estates in Europe. There are around 300 businesses, providing employment for approximately 8000 people. The estate consists of standalone industrial sites, industrial estates and business parks. The estate is the location of the UK's largest prison, HM Prison Berwyn which opened in 2017.

ROF Wrexham

The Wrexham Industrial Estate had its origins as a Royal Ordnance Factory, ROF Wrexham, during World War II. The site employed 13,000 workers.^[2] The factory made cordite, an explosive propellent for shells.^[3] The site was chosen for its distance from German bomber bases in Europe while having good rail networks and a rural location that provided a good supply of labour. The complex was spread over a large area to minimise any damage from aerial attack. The main buildings were camouflaged and existing farm buildings were left in situ to help protect the site against reconnaissance. Many of the original buildings can still be seen today and still house smaller businesses on the estate; these can be distinguished from the 1950s buildings by large grids near the roof, essential for ventilation of the buildings.

The Ministry of Works built a large water abstraction and treatment plant at Sesswick on the River Dee, just to supply the plant, which was amalgamated into the Wrexham Water Company (now Dee Valley Water) in 1951.^[4]

To connect the site to the national rail network, a large marshalling yard of 10 separate roads was constructed, and these connected to the works' internal network of rail lines. A passenger platform was built for military usage. All the cordite produced at the plant was taken by these sidings, along the Wrexham and Ellesmere Railway and then to Crewe. For shunting works, locomotives with diesel engines were used instead of steam as they were less likely to ignite any stray cordite, however it is known the works had possession of an 1859 0-4-0ST known as Victory.^[5]

The site was well defended, both on the ground and from the air; several Type 22 Pillboxes and Type 24 Pillboxes^[6] still remain in the area, found in areas untouched by modern industrial developments, and the entire site was under a mile away from RAF Wrexham, which was home to at least one fighter squadron, for defending the region's industrial assets from bomber attack.

After the war, the need for cordite ceased, and in 1945 the production facilities at Wrexham closed.^[3] Many of the buildings were left in place, abandoned, and agriculture again took over the fields surrounding the area.

Post-war period

The large amounts of abandoned ordnance buildings attracted smaller businesses, however, in the 1950s, British Celanese opened a large acetate yarn factory on the site. Other large companies that came to Wrexham in later years were Firestone (closed in the 1970s), Kellogs, JCB, Owens Corning, (closed in 2002),^[7] and BICC Cables.

The Welsh Development Agency officially made the area an industrial estate, subsidising businesses to move there in an effort to ensure stability of employment and to counter the effects of the recession Wrexham suffered in the 1960s and 1970s.

By 1990, the British Celanese factory had been sold to Courtaulds, who remained here until the sale of the last remaining building, Redwither Tower, to Wrexham Council, who re-opened the building and the surrounding area as Redwither Business Park with several commercial offices in Redwither Tower itself.

Present times

The current estate covers some {{convert|550|ha|acre|0}} of land, with more than 7000 employees in over 300 businesses^[8] including Kellogg's, JCB, Wockhardt, Cytec Engineered Materials, Hoya Lens, Ball Packaging Europe, JPDS Creative, Thomson Reuters, the Depository Trust and Clearing Corporation and Calypso Soft Drinks.

Companies

Access roads

While the separate location of the Estate allows the actual town of Wrexham to be relatively free of large industrial developments, it has also created access problems.^[9] The need for an improved access road was identified 40 years ago and preparatory work eventually started in late 2010 on two new access roads, one to the north and one to the south. The £30 million access road opened on 16 July 2012.

Prison

In September 2013 it was announced by the Ministry of Justice that a new 2000 inmate prison will be built on the former Firestone site by 2017.^[10] In January 2014, Wrexham County Borough Council granted the planning application.^[11] Preparatory works began on the site in September 2014, with the prison due for completion in 2017.^[12] As of August 2017 the prison is operational but is still partly under construction.

References

1. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.wrexhamindustrialestate.co.uk/aboutus/default.asp |title=Official Website |publisher=Wrexhamindustrialestate.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2013-09-04}}
2. ^B.A.Malaws, RCAHMW, 2003-08-29 (Retrieved 2011-01-05)
3. ^¹G.M.Edwards, RCAHMW, 2003-09-25 (Retrieved 2011-01-05)
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.deevalleywater.co.uk/article.php?id=42 |title=A History of Water in Wrexham |publisher=Deevalleywater.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2013-09-04}}
5. ^The Wrexham and Ellesmere Railway - Stanley C. Jenkins and John M Strange - {{ISBN|0-85361-617-5}}
6. ^Coflein (Retrieved 2011-01-05)
7. ^BBC news 3 December 2002 (Retrieved 2011-01-06)
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.wrexhamindustrialestate.co.uk/aboutus/default.asp |title=Wrexham Industrial Estate |publisher=Wrexham Industrial Estate |date= |accessdate=2013-09-04}}
9. ^Wrexham Council Planning Policy (Retrieved 2011-01-06)
10. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-north-east-wales-23957373 |title=BBC News - £250m super-prison to be built on ex-Firestone factory land |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2013-09-04}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.wrexham.com/news/wrexhams-controversial-super-prison-gets-planning-approval-39952.html|title= Wrexham’s ‘Controversial’ ‘Super Prison’ Gets Planning Approval |publisher=wrexham.com |date=2014-01-06 |accessdate=2014-01-07}}
12. ^https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-north-east-wales-29011647