| 词条 | Xenentodon cancila |
| 释义 |
| name = Freshwater garfish | image = Xenentodon cancila (Wroclaw zoo)-1.JPG | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Chordata | classis = Actinopterygii | ordo = Beloniformes | familia = Belonidae | genus = Xenentodon | species = X. cancila | binomial = Xenentodon cancila | binomial_authority = (F. Hamilton, 1822) |synonyms = *Esox cancila Hamilton, 1822
}}Xenentodon cancila, the freshwater garfish, is a species of needlefish found in freshwater and brackish habitats in South and Southeast Asia.[1] Common namesAs a reasonably popular aquarium fish Xenentodon cancila, has been traded under a variety of common names, including needlefish,[2] silver needlefish,[3] Asian freshwater needlefish,[2] needlenose halfbeak,[2] freshwater gar,[2] needlenose gar and numerous others. While belonging to the same family as the marine needlefish known in Europe as gar or garpike, Belone belone,[7] these fish are much more distantly related to other fishes sometimes called gars (such as the North American gars and South American pike characins).[2] In Assam it is locally known as Kokila. It is known as "Yonna (යොන්නා) or Habarali (හබරලි)" in Sri Lanka. DistributionThe freshwater garfish is widely distributed across South and Southeast Asia from India and Sri Lanka to the Malaysian Peninsula.[3] MorphologyIn common with other needlefish, this species has an elongate body with long, beak-like jaws filled with teeth.[7] The dorsal and anal fins are positioned far back along the body close to the tail.[7] The body is silvery-green, darker above and lighter below with a dark band running horizontally along the flank.[1] Slight sexual dimorphism exists, the male fish often having anal and dorsal fins with a black edge.[3][7] It reaches a length of {{convert|40|cm|abbr=on}}.[1] DietWhile aquarium books tend to describe this fish as a predator that eats animals such as fish and frogs, its natural diet appears to consist almost entirely of crustaceans.[3] ReproductionThis species is oviparous.[3] In aquaria at least, spawning takes place in the morning, with small numbers of eggs being deposited among plants.[3] The eggs are about {{convert|3.5|mm|abbr=on}} in diameter and are attached to plant leaves with sticky threads about {{convert|20|mm|abbr=on}}.[3] The eggs take ten days to hatch, at which point the fry are almost {{convert|12|mm|abbr=on}} long.[3] At this point they will eat small live foods including week-old labyrinth fish.[3] Human significanceFreshwater needlefish support minor fisheries and are also traded as aquarium fish.[1] In the aquariumThe freshwater needlefish is one of several of needlefish species kept in public and home aquaria.[3] It has been kept by European aquarists since 1910,[3] and was first bred in captivity at the Biological Station Wilhelminenberg, Austria in 1963.[4] Xenentodon cancila is generally considered quite a difficult species to maintain because of its large size, nervous behaviour, and preference for live foods.[5] Alongside misunderstandings of the natural diet of these fish,[6] there has been confusion over the optimal water conditions required by this species when kept in home aquaria, with the addition of salt to the water often being recommended.[2] These fish do perfectly well in freshwater aquaria.[6] See also
References1. ^1 2 3 {{FishBase | genus = Xenentodon | species= cancila | month = May | year = 2013}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q374419}}2. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|last=Monks|first=Neale (editor)|title=Brackish Water Fishes|journal=Tropical Fish Hobbyist|year=2006|isbn=0-7938-0564-3}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite book|last=Sterba|first=G|title=Freshwater Fishes of the World|publisher=Vista Books|year=1962|page=609pp}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{cite book|last=Riehl|first=R|author2=Baensch, H |title=Aquarium Atlas (vol. 1)|publisher=Voyageur Press|year=1996|isbn=3-88244-050-3}} 5. ^1 2 Monks N: Straight to the point: the Beloniformes. Practical Fishkeeping, October 2005 6. ^1 Monks N: Pocket-sized Pikes. Tropical Fish Hobbyist, April 2007 2 : Belonidae|Fish described in 1822 |
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