“Fujian White Crane”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Fujian White Crane is a type of Shaolin Boxing that imitates characteristics of the white Crane. An entire system of fighting was developed from observing the crane's movements, methods of attack and spirit. It is one of the six well-known schools of Shaolin Boxing. The others are based on Tiger, Monkey, Leopard, Snake and Dragon.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}} Additional, lesser-known schools include Dog, Deer and Bear.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}}

The legend of the white crane

Qīniáng and her father lived in Fujian province, where many cranes live. Qīniáng's father knew the Southern Chinese Martial Arts and taught them to his daughter. One day, while Qīniáng was doing her chores, a crane landed nearby. Qīniáng tried to scare the bird off using a stick and the skills she had learned from her father, but whatever she did, the crane would counter. Qīniáng tried to hit the crane on the head, but the bird moved its head out of the way and blocked the stick with its wings. Qīniáng tried to hit the crane's wings, but the crane stepped to the side and blocked the stick with its claws. Qīniáng tried to poke the crane's body, but the crane dodged backwards and struck the stick with its beak. From then on, Qīniáng carefully studied the crane's movements. She combined these movements with techniques learned from her father, ultimately creating the White Crane Style of Fujian province.

There are many versions of this legend. In some the crane does not block a stick, but evades and counters it. The point of the style is to emphasize evasion and attack an opponent's vulnerabilities instead of using physical strength. Since it was created by a woman, White Crane fighting elements are especially popular in women's self-defense training because the movements do not require great strength. They more closely imitate the delicate pecking motion associated with this fighting style.^[3] Popular karate bunkai (breakdown) of white crane katas like hakutsuru stress vital point striking or kyusho.

Branches

History

According to the traditions of the Lee family branch of Flying Crane, Fāng Qīniáng was born in the mid-17th century. She learned kung fu form her father a lay shaolin disciple. One day she saw a huge crane and attacked it with a stick As she was unable to defeat it, she realized the crane had come to teach her and developed her own unique techniques form the experience. She had 4 principal students who later developed 4 main branches of Fujian white crane: eating, crying, sleeping and flying. Many systems evolved from one of the 4 original types of white crane. I believe a great deal of disinformation relating to the history of white crane is occurring recently as governments and people try to re write history for financial and or other reasons...In order to create a tourist trade etc....At least in the flying crane tradition, Fang never married, had children or a husband. rather she retired in Bai he an (white crane temple ) and taught martial arts.^[4]

According to the yong chun bai he tradition the Ong Gong Shr Wushuguan was established in the town of Yongchun (永春; Minnan: eng2 chhun1), prefecture of Quanzhou, Fujian province, when its founders were taught by Fang Qiniang during the reign of the Jiajing Emperor (r. 1521–66) of the Ming dynasty.

Pingyang White Crane was created by Fāng Qī Niáng during Shunzhi period during the Qing dynasty. During Jiaqing period, this kongfu spread to Pingyang city.^[5]

Yongchun-style White Crane was created by Fāng Qī Niáng during KangXi period during the Qing dynasty. Yongchun combined the movements of White Crane with Shaolin kongfu. The film Yongchun White Crane describes the history and development of this Kongfu.^[6]

Li Wenmao (李文茂), an opera performer and leader of the 1854–1856 Red Turban Rebellion in Foshan, is said to have practiced the Yǒngchūn style of White Crane.

The Xu-Xi Dao style of White Crane as taught by Chen Zhuozhen was derived from Zhong-Ho 'Springing Crane' and was developed in Taiwan by Huang Laoyang in the 1950s.

Feeding Crane in Taiwan

Calling Crane in China

Dancing/Shaking Crane in Taiwan

Influence

Fujian White Crane is one of the constituent styles of Five Ancestors,^[7] who, in addition to the various styles of Karate (notably Goju-ryu, Chitō-ryū and Uechi-ryu), use the routine "San Chian" from Fujian White Crane. San Chian is best known by the Japanese pronunciation of its name, Sanchin.^[8]

See also

References

1. ^{{cite book|first=Jwing-Ming |last=Yang|title=The Essence of Shaolin White Crane: Martial Power and Qigong|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=9pi_DAAAQBAJ}}|date=1 October 2016|publisher=YMAA Publication Center, Incorporated|isbn=978-1-59439-160-6}}
2. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.insidekung-fu.com/content/view/46/36/1/3/|title=Power of the Animals|last=|first=|date=|work=Inside Kung Fu|accessdate=2009-12-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100309210844/http://www.insidekung-fu.com/content/view/46/36/1/3|archivedate=2010-03-09|deadurl=yes|df=}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.intermartialarts.com/styles/fujian-white-crane|title=Fujian White Crane|last=|first=|date=|website=Inter martial arts|publisher=Inner Martial Arts|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111052718/http://www.intermartialarts.com/styles/fujian-white-crane|archive-date=11 January 2018|dead-url=yes|accessdate=8 March 2016}}
4. ^Shaolin white crane kung fu : A rare art revealed by Lorne Bernard
5. ^{{Cite web|url=http://baike.baidu.com/view/1809544.htm|title=白鹤拳_百度百科|website=baike.baidu.com|access-date=2016-03-09}}
6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://baike.baidu.com/subview/403023/403023.htm|title=永春白鹤拳_百度百科|website=baike.baidu.com|access-date=2016-03-09}}
7. ^{{cite news|title= Five Animals Shaolin Martial Arts : Crane Fighting Style in Shaolin Martial Arts|work= eHow|date=|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LFt5ZgmxzrA|accessdate=2009-12-28}}
8. ^{{cite news|url=http://ezine.kungfumagazine.com/ezine/article.php?article=771|title=KUNG FU PANDA: Big Bear Cat was "PO-fect"|last=|first=|date=|work=Kung Fu Magazine|accessdate=2009-12-27}}