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词条 Xerocomus
释义

  1. Species

  2. Description

  3. References

  4. External links

{{Taxobox
| image = Boletus_subtomentosus.jpg
| image_caption = Xerocomus subtomentosus
| regnum = Fungi
| divisio = Basidiomycota
| classis = Agaricomycetes
| ordo = Boletales
| subordo = Boletineae
| familia = Boletaceae
| genus = Xerocomus
| genus_authority = Quél. (1887)
| type_species = Xerocomus subtomentosus
| type_species_authority = (L.) Quél. (1888)
}}Xerocomus is a genus of fungi that is related to Boletus. Many mycologists do not recognize the distinction; however, several molecular studies have demonstrated that they are two distinct genera, with clear morphological differences. The genus Xerocomus has been further divided into Xerocomellus and Hemileccinum by Šutara (2008).[1] The members of the genus Xerocomellus are more closely related to Boletus than true Xerocomus is, which is relatively distantly related to Boletus and more closely related to Phylloporus. Other former Xerocomus species have been moved to Aureoboletus, Imleria, Hortiboletus and Rheubarbariboletus.[2][3][4]

Most members of Xerocomus are edible.

Ladurner and Simonini published a monograph on Xerocomus in 2003.[5] In 2008, Hills included 18 species found in Britain, not including some species sometimes treated as Xerocomus, including Boletus pulverulentus and Boletus impolitus.[6]

Molecular phylogenetic studies strongly imply that Xerocomus is a heterogeneous genus of polyphyletic origin.[7]

Species

  • X. albobrunneus Heinem. & Gooss.-Font. 1951
  • X. albotessellatus Heinem. 1964
  • X. alliaceus (Beeli) Heinem. 1951
  • X. amazonicus Singer 1978
  • X. anthracinus M.Zang, M.R.Hu & W.P.Liu 1991
  • X. astereicola Imazeki 1952
  • X. astraeicolopsis J.Z.Ying & M.Q.Wang 1981
  • X. belizensis — Belize[8]
  • X. chrysonemus
  • X. communis
  • X. cyaneibrunnescens — Guyana[9]
  • X. ferrugineus
  • X. griseo-olivaceus — New Zealand[10]
  • X. guidonis
  • X. illudens — North America, India and Bangladesh[7][12][13]
  • X. lentistipitatus — New Zealand[10]
  • X. mcrobbii — New Zealand[10]
  • X. nothofagi — New Zealand[10]
  • X. olivaceus — Belize[8]
  • X. parvogracilis — Guyana[9]
  • X. porophyllus — China[19]
  • X. potaroensis — Guyana[9]
  • X. rufostipitatus — New Zealand[10]
  • X. silwoodensis (edibility not known, found in England, Spain, and Italy. Named seventh top species of 2008, International Institute for Species Exploration[1])
  • X. squamulosus — New Zealand[10]
  • X. subtomentosus (edible and very common, found in Eurasia, North America and Australia )[25]
  • Xerocomus tenax[26]

Description

Morphological features of xerocomoid boletes[1][28][29]
Boletus s.str. Hemileccinum Xerocomellus Xerocomus s.str.
Spore Surface Smooth Smooth Longitudinally striated or smooth, never bacillate Bacillate
Hymenophoral trama Boletoid type with gelatinous lateral strata Boletoid type with gelatinous lateral strata Intermediate between boletoid and phylloporoid when fully developed with distinct but weakly gelatinous lateral strata Phylloporoid type with nongelatinous lateral strata
Pileipellis Trichoderm, sometimes collapsing, rarely ixotrichoderm or other Initially trichoderm but collapses with age Initially palisadoderm, typically encrusted Initially a trichoderm, never encrusted
Lateral stipe stratum Frequently gelatinous, 60-90 μM thick, thicker than that of Xerocomellus Similar to that of Leccinum species, ornamented with stipe scabrousities up to 400-640 μM thick Frequently not present, reduced to no more than 30-40 μM thick, not gelatinous Lateral stipe stratum never gelatinous and 80-200 μM thick

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.species.asu.edu/2008_species07.php |title=Archived copy |accessdate=May 27, 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528070621/http://species.asu.edu/2008_species07.php |archivedate=May 28, 2008 }}
2. ^1 {{cite journal|author=De AB. |title=Two new additions to Indian Boletaceae |journal=Journal of Natural History (India) |year=2006 |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=11–6 |issn=0973-6166}}
3. ^1 {{cite journal |vauthors=Halling RE, Fechner N, Nuhn M, Osmundson T, Soytong K, Arora D, Binder M, Hibbett D |title=Evolutionary relationships of Heimioporus and Boletellus (Boletales), with an emphasis on Australian taxa including new species and new combinations in Aureoboletus, Hemileccinum and Xerocomus |journal=Australian Systematic Botany |year=2015 |volume=28 |issue=1 |pages=1–22 |doi=10.1071/SB14049}}
4. ^1 {{cite journal |author=Hills AE. |title=The genus Xerocomus: A personal view, with a key to the British species |journal=Field Mycology |year=2008 |volume=9 |issue=3 |pages=77–96 |doi=10.1016/S1468-1641(10)60416-1}}
5. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal |vauthors=Husbands DR, Henkel TW, Bonito G, Vilgalys R, Smith ME |title=New species of Xerocomus (Boletales) from the Guiana Shield, with notes on their mycorrhizal status and fruiting occurrence |journal=Mycologia |year=2013 |volume=105 |issue=2 |pages=422–35 |doi=10.3852/12-146 |pmid=23080024}}
6. ^1 {{cite journal |author=Klofac W. |title=Die Gattung Aureoboletus, ein weltweiter Überblick. Ein Beitrag zu einer monographischen Bearbeitung |trans-title=The genus Aureoboletus, a world-wide survey. A contribution to a monographic treatment |journal=Österreichische Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde |year=2010 |volume=19 |pages=133–174 (see pp. 142–3) |language=German}}
7. ^1 {{cite book |vauthors=Ladurner H, Simonini G |year=2003 |title=Xerocomus s.l. |series=Fungi Europaei |volume=8 |publisher=Edizioni Candusso |location=Alassio |isbn=978-88-901057-2-2}}
8. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite journal |author=McNabb RFR. |title=The Boletaceae of New Zealand |journal=New Zealand Journal of Botany |year=1968 |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=137–76 |doi=10.1080/0028825X.1968.10429056}} {{open access}}
9. ^1 {{cite book |author1=Nilson, S. |author2=Persson, O. |year=1977 |title=Fungi of Northern Europe 1: Larger Fungi (Excluding Gill-Fungi) |publisher=Penguin |isbn=0-14-063005-8 |page=106}}
10. ^1 2 {{cite journal |vauthors=Nuhn ME, Binder M, Taylor AF, Halling RE, Hibbett DS |title=Phylogenetic overview of the Boletineae |journal=Fungal Biology |year=2013 |volume=117 |issue=7–8 |pages=479–511 |doi=10.1016/j.funbio.2013.04.008 |pmid=23931115}}
11. ^1 2 {{cite journal |vauthors=Ortiz-Santana B, Lodge DJ, Baroni TJ, Both EE |title=Boletes from Belize and the Dominican Republic |journal=Fungal Diversity |year=2007 |volume=27 |pages=247–416 (see p. 379) |url=http://www.fungaldiversity.org/fdp/sfdp/27_15.pdf |format=PDF}}
12. ^1 {{cite journal |vauthors=Sagar A, Lakhanpal TN |title=Fleshy fungi Of N.W. Himalayas XIV. Species of Boletus new to India |journal=Indian Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology |year=1991 |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=262–3 |issn=0303-4097 }}
13. ^1 {{cite journal |author=Šutara, J. |title=The delimitation of the genus Leccinum |journal=Ceská Mykologie |year=1989 |volume=43 |pages=1–12}}
14. ^1 {{cite journal |author=Šutara J. |title=Pseudoboletus, a new genus of Boletales |journal=Ceská Mykologie |year=1991 |volume=45 |issue=1–2 |pages=1–9}}
15. ^1 2 {{cite journal |author=Šutara J. |title=Xerocomus s.l. in the light of the present state of knowledge |journal=Czech Mycology |year=2008 |volume=60 |issue=1 |pages=29–62 |url=http://www.czechmycology.org/CM60104F.pdf}}
16. ^1 {{cite journal |author=Vizzini A. |title=Nomenclatural novelties |journal=Index Fungorum |issue=147 |date=12 June 2014 |issn=2049-2375 |pages=1 |url=http://www.indexfungorum.org/Publications/Index%20Fungorum%20no.147.pdf}}
17. ^1 {{cite journal |author=Vizzini A. |title=Nomenclatural novelties |journal=Index Fungorum |date=26 June 2015 |page=1 |issn=2049-2375 |url=http://www.indexfungorum.org/Publications/Index%20Fungorum%20no.244.pdf}}
18. ^1 {{cite journal |vauthors=Yan WJ, Li TH, Zhang M, Li T |title=Xerocomus porophyllus sp. nov., morphologically intermediate between Phylloporus and Xerocomus |journal=Mycotaxon |year=2013 |volume=124 |pages=255–62 |doi=10.5248/124.255}}
[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]
}}{{refbegin}}
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Moncalvo JM, Vilgalys R, Redhead SA, Johnson JE, James TY, Catherine Aime M, Hofstetter V, Verduin SJ, Larsson E, Baroni TJ, Greg Thorn R, Jacobsson S, Clémençon H, Miller OK |title=One hundred and seventeen clades of euagarics |journal=Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. |volume=23 |issue=3 |pages=357–400 |date=June 2002 |pmid=12099793 |doi=10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00027-1 |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1055-7903(02)00027-1}}
{{refend}}

External links

  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927082316/http://entoloma.nl/html/xerocomus.html The genus Xerocomus]
  • Xerocomus subtomentosus
  • {{cite web |title=Xerocomus Quél. |work=Atlas of Living Australia |url=https://bie.ala.org.au/species/urn:lsid:indexfungorum.org:names:18763}}
  • {{Commons-inline}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q578471}}

2 : Boletaceae|Boletales genera
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