| 词条 | Yaoya Oshichi |
| 释义 |
BiographyIn December 1682, she fell in love with Ikuta Shōnosuke (or Saemon), a temple page, during the great fire in the Tenna Era, at Shōsen-in, the family temple (danna-dera). The next year she attempted arson, thinking she could meet him again if another fire occurred. She was caught by the police and burnt at the stake in Suzugamori for her crimes.[1][3][5] The magistrate at her trial, though knowing she was sixteen years old, asked her, ”You must be fifteen years old, aren't you?” At the time, boys and girls under the age of sixteen were not subject to the death penalty, and since strict family registration systems were not yet widely implemented, confirmation of age by a bureaucrat was sufficient. Misunderstanding the magistrate's intentions to try her as a minor, she replied that she was sixteen. At a loss, the magistrate asked her firmly again, ”You must be fifteen years old, are you not?” Not taking the hint again, she honestly stated her age as sixteen, leaving the magistrate no alternative but to sentence her to burn at the stake.[1] LegacyThere is a memorial to Oshichi at Enjō-ji in Tokyo.[6] Daien-ji in Tokyo has a Hōroku Jizō (ほうろく地蔵, hot pot Jizō) with a cooking pot on his head to symbolically take away the heat from the fire of the stake that Oshichi was sentenced upon. Cooking pots and origami cranes are still offered to this day.[7] In the calendar then used in Japan, a year is known by five elements, and one of 12 animals. Oshichi was born in 1666, the year of the fire horse (Hinoe Uma), which recurs every 60 years. Since then, it has been thought inauspicious for a girl to be born in the year of the fire horse – and in Japan, fewer children are born in such years (the most recent being 1966).[8][9] Novels{{unreferenced|section|date=March 2014}}Three years later, Ihara Saikaku described this case in the book Kōshoku Gonin Onna (English translation, Five Women Who Loved Love). Twenty years after Yaoya Oshichi's death, a playwright, Ki no Kaion, took great liberties {{clarify|date=January 2014}} with the story to create a play for the traditional puppet theater entitled Yaoya Ohichi. {{cn|date=January 2014}} In 1773, three playwrights (Suga Sensuke, Matsuda Wakichi, and Wakatake Fuemi further revised Ki no Kaion's play to produce Date musume koi no higanoko. In these two versions, Oshichi does not commit arson, instead she climbs a fire tower on a snowy night to ring the alarm bell to open the city gates in order to save the life of her lover, whom she cannot otherwise reach because of the nightly curfew. The penalty, however, for sounding a false fire alarm is death, a fate Oshichi chooses to face. In the puppet plays, the character of Oshichi is presented not as the seemingly impetuous, foolish girl of the historical record, but instead as a noble figure whose selfless devotion saves the man she loves. Later playwrights developed Oshichi's story for the stage: Tamenaga Tarobei in Junshoku Edo Murasaki, and Tsuruya Nanboku in Katakiuchi Yagura daiko. {{cn|date=January 2014}} KabukiA kabuki play about her uses the technique called ningyo buri, where the actor moves around as if a puppet.[10][11] See also
References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|url=http://kajipon.sakura.ne.jp/haka/h-gizoku.htm#oshichi|script-title=ja:世界恩人巡礼大写真館|accessdate=5 June 2007|language=ja}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nijl.ac.jp/~kiban-s/project/seika_pdf/2002/2002-003.pdf|format=PDF|title=The Onnagata in Kabuki: from Kamigata to Edo|first=Takei|last=Kyōzō|pages=193–197|accessdate=5 June 2007}} 3. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.japanese-language.net/Newsletter%202006-1.pdf|format=PDF|title=Kabuki 八百屋お七 (やおやおしち) Yaoya Oshichi|date=January 2006|publisher=Japanese Learning Center|pages=2|accessdate=2007-06-05}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.kabuki21.com/glossaire_8.php|title=KABUKI GLOSSARY (U~Z)|accessdate=5 June 2007}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://homepage1.nifty.com/aby/2003/oshichi-novembere.htm|title=Shochikubai Yushima no Kakegaku: Greengrocer's Daughter, Oshichi: Essay|date=8 November 2003|author=Sekidobashi Sakura|accessdate=5 June 2007}} 6. ^http://leepapa05.blogspot.ch/2008/04/story-of-yaoya-oshichi-enjo-ji-temple.html 7. ^http://washokufood.blogspot.ch/2009/08/hooroku-jizo.html 8. ^Arson, an attractive monk and our vertigo clinic. Irino, Kawase, Miki. Lancet 2007; 370:2126 9. ^http://www.japanfocus.org/products/details/2411 10. ^http://www.toshidama-japanese-prints.com/item_289/Kunichika-The-Story-of-Oshichi.htm 11. ^http://www.kabuki21.com/glossaire_8.php External links{{commonscat-inline}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Oshichi}} 12 : 1660s births|1683 deaths|Commoners of Edo-period Japan|Executed Japanese people|People from Tokyo|17th-century executions by Japan|Japanese arsonists|Executed Japanese women|People from Chiba Prefecture|Executed children|People executed by Japan by burning|Date of birth unknown |
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