| 词条 | Yellow anaconda |
| 释义 |
| image = Anaconda jaune 34.JPG | genus = Eunectes | species = notaeus | authority = Cope, 1862 | synonyms = * Epicrates wieningeri Steindachner, 1903 }} The yellow anaconda (Eunectes notaeus), also known as the Paraguayan anaconda[1] is a boa species endemic to southern South America. It is one of the largest snakes in the world but smaller than its close relative, the green anaconda. Like all boas and pythons, it is non-venomous and kills its prey by constriction. No subspecies are currently recognized. EtymologyThe genus name Eunectes derives from Greek and means "good swimmer"; the Neo-Latin specific name notaeus derives from Greek νωταίος/nōtaios (poetic form of Greek νωτιαίος/nōtiaios), here meaning “dorsal”. In distinguishing his new species Eunectes notaeus from Eunectes murinus, Edward Drinker Cope stated, "Dorsal scales are larger and in fewer rows."[2] DescriptionAdults grow to an average of {{convert|3.3|to|4.4|m|ft|1|abbr=on}} in total length. Females are generally larger than males,[3] and have been reported up to {{convert|4.6|m|ft|1|abbr=on}} in length.[1][4] They commonly weigh {{convert|25|to|35|kg|lb|abbr=on}}, but specimens weighing more than {{convert|55|kg|lb|abbr=on}} have been observed.[5] The color pattern consists of a yellow, golden-tan or greenish-yellow ground color overlaid with a series of black or dark brown saddles, blotches, spots and streaks.[1] Distribution and habitatThe range of the yellow anaconda encompasses the drainage of the Paraguay River and its tributaries, from the Pantanal region in Bolivia, Paraguay, and western Brazil to northeastern Argentina,[6] and possibly parts of Uruguay.[7] It prefers mostly aquatic habitats, including swamps, marshes, and brush-covered banks of slow-moving rivers and streams.[3] The species appears to have been introduced in Florida, although it is unknown whether the small population (thought to derive from escaped pets) is reproductive.[11] EcologyThe yellow anaconda forages predominately in shallow water in wetland habitats. Most predation occurs from June to November, when flooding has somewhat subsided and wading birds are the most common prey. Observations and analysis of gut and waste contents from regularly flooded areas in the Pantanal region of southwestern Brazil indicate that they are generalist feeders that employ both ambush predation and wide-foraging strategies. Their prey consists nearly exclusively of aquatic or semi-aquatic species, including a wide variety of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish and eggs. Larger specimens can prey upon larger animals, such as brocket deer, capybaras or peccaries.[3] The prey-to-predator weight ratio is often much higher than for other types of Boidae.[8] Cannibalism has been observed in this species, though it is not clear how often this occurs.[9] The yellow anaconda has few predators. Juveniles and the occasional adult may be taken by caimans, larger anacondas, jaguars, some canids such as the crab-eating fox, mustelids, and raptors. The species is also hunted by humans for its skin.[10] Interactions with humansIn captivity the species has a reputation for being unpredictable and somewhat dangerous to humans.[1][3] In the United States, the import, transportation and sale of the species across state lines were banned in 2012 to try to prevent the yellow anaconda from becoming an invasive species in areas such as the Florida Everglades.[11] The conservation status of the yellow anaconda has not been assessed by the IUCN. See also
References1. ^1 2 3 Mehrtens JM. 1987. Living Snakes of the World in Color. New York: Sterling Publishers. {{ISBN|0-8069-6460-X}}. 2. ^Cope, E.D. (1862). Synopsis of the species of Holcosus and Ameiva, with diagnoses of new West Indian and South American Colubridae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia 14 [1862]: 60–82.[https://archive.org/details/cbarchive_52984_synopsisofthespeciesofholcosus1841 Archive], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/pdf3/004284000084865.pdf PDF]. 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |last=Colthorpe |first=Kelly |url=http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Eunectes_notaeus/ |title=Eunectes notaeus |website=Animal Diversity Web |date=2009 |accessdate=2016-02-03}} 4. ^{{cite book|last=Owen|first=W.|year=2004|chapter=Snakes: Reptiles|pages=397|editor=J Flew, L Humphries|title=The Encyclopedia of Animals|volume=1|publisher=University of California Press|location=Los Angeles}} 5. ^{{cite book|last1=Mendez|first1=M|last2=Waller|first2=T|last3=Micucci|first3=P|last4= Alvarenga|first4=E|last5=Morales|first5=JC|year=2007|url=http://research.amnh.org/users/mmendez/Mendez%20et%20al%202007_Eunectes_Book.pdf|chapter=Genetic population structure of the yellow anaconda (Eunectes notaeus) in Northern Argentina: management implications|title=Biology of the Boas and Pythons|editor=Robert W. Henderson and Robert Powell|pages=405–415|publisher=Eagle Mountain Publishing|ISBN=0972015434}} 6. ^{{cite book|last=Waller|first=T|last2=Micucci|first2=PA|last3=Alvarenga|first3=E|title=Biology of the Boas and Pythons|chapter=Conservation Biology of the Yellow Anaconda (Eunectes notaeus) in Northeastern Argentina|pages=340-62|publisher=Eagle Mountain Publishing|location=Eagle Mountain, Utah|year=2007|isbn=|editor-last=Henderson|editor-first=RW|editor2-last=Powell|editor2-first=R}} 7. ^{{cite web|last=Uetz|first=P|last2=Hallermann|first2=J|title=Eunectes notaeus COPE, 1862|work=The reptile database|publisher=Zoological Museum Hamburg|location=Hamburg, Germany|year=2018|url=http://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species?genus=Eunectes&species=notaeus|accessdate=2018-11-17}} 8. ^{{cite journal|last=Strussmann|first=C|title=Feeding habits of the yellow anaconda, Eunectes notaeus Cope, 1862, in the Brazilian Pantanal|journal=Biociencias|volume=5|issue=1|pages=35–52|year=1997|language=Portuguese}} 9. ^{{cite journal|last=Barros|first=MM|last2=Draque|first2=JF|last3=Micucci|first3=PA|last4=Waller|first4=T|title="Eunectes notaeus (Yellow Anaconda). Diet / Cannibalism"|journal=Herpetological Review|volume=42|issue=2|pages=290-1|year=2011}} 10. ^1 {{cite web|title=Eunectes notaeus|url=https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/factsheet.aspx?SpeciesID=2576|website=NAS - Nonindigenous Aquatic Species|publisher=United States Geological Survey}} 11. ^{{cite news |first=Kim |last=Segal |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2012/01/17/us/florida-python-ban/ |title=U.S. bans imports of 4 exotic snake species |website=CNN |date=January 17, 2012}} External links{{Commons}}
7 : Boinae|Snakes of South America|Reptiles of Argentina|Reptiles of Bolivia|Reptiles of Brazil|Reptiles of Paraguay|Reptiles described in 1862 |
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