| 词条 | Yevgeny Miller |
| 释义 |
| name = Yevgeny Miller | image = Evgenij Miller.jpg | image_size = | caption = General Yevgeny Miller | nickname = | birth_name = Eugen Ludwig Müller | birth_date = {{Birth date|1867|09|25|df=y}} | birth_place = Dünaburg, Vitebsk Governorate, Russian Empire | death_date = {{Death date and age|1939|05|11|1867|09|25|df=y}} | death_place = Moscow, Soviet Union | allegiance = {{flag|Russian Empire|1914}} | branch = Imperial Russian Army White Army | serviceyears = 1884–1920 | rank = Lieutenant-General | battles = World War I Russian Civil War }} Eugen Ludwig Müller ({{lang-ru|Евге́ний-Лю́двиг Ка́рлович Ми́ллер}}[1], tr. {{transl|ru|Evgeniy-Lyudvig Karlovich Miller}}; 25 September 1867 – 11 May 1939), better known as Yevgeny Miller, was a Baltic German general and one of the leaders of the anticommunist White Army during and after the Russian Civil War (1917-1922). After the civil war he lived in exile in France. Kidnapped by the Soviet intelligence operatives in Paris in 1937, he was smuggled to Moscow, the USSR, and executed there in 1939. Early lifeMiller was a career officer born to a Baltic German noble family in Dünaburg (now Daugavpils, Latvia).[2] After he graduated from the General Staff Academy, he served with the Russian Imperial Guard. Between 1898 and 1907, he was a Russian military attaché in several European capitals, such as Rome, The Hague and Brussels. During the First World War, he headed the Moscow Military District and the 26th Army Corps and was promoted to the rank of lieutenant general. Civil WarAfter the February Revolution of 1917, Miller opposed "democratization" of the Russian army and was arrested by his own soldiers after he ordered them to remove red armbands. After the October Revolution of 1917, Miller fled to Archangelsk and declared himself Governor-General of Northern Russia. In May 1919, Admiral Kolchak appointed him to replace Vladimir Marouchevsky in charge of the White Army in the region. In Archangelsk, Murmansk and Olonets, his anti-Bolshevik Northern Army was supported by the Triple Entente, mostly British forces. However, after an unsuccessful advance against the Red Army along the Northern Dvina in the summer of 1919, British forces withdrew from the region, and Miller's men faced the enemy alone. ExileIn February 1920, General Miller with 800 refugees sailed from Archangelsk to Tromsø, Norway. Later, he moved to France and, together with Grand Duke Nicholas and Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel, continued his anticommunist activism. Between 1930 and 1937, Miller served as chairman of the Russian All-Military Union, an organization of exiled former White Army officers and soldiers opposed to the Soviet Union. His niece, Nathalie Sergueiew, also fled to France and subsequently became an MI5 agent.[3] As the ROVS chairman, Miller was not an influential figure, as he did not belong to the dominant clan in the ROVS, namely former members of the White Army of South Russia, nor the former ″Gallipoli campers″.[4] KidnappingOn 22 September 1937, NKVD agent and All-Military Union counter-intelligence chief Nikolai Skoblin led Miller to a Paris safe house, ostensibly to meet with two German Abwehr agents, who were in fact officers of the Soviet NKVD disguised as Germans. They drugged Miller, placed him in a steamer trunk and smuggled him aboard a Soviet ship in Le Havre.{{sfn|Sudoplatov|1994|pp=38, 91}}[5] Miller had left behind a note to be opened in case he failed to return from the meeting. In it, he detailed his suspicions about Skoblin. French police launched a massive manhunt, but Skoblin fled to the Soviet embassy in Paris and eventually was smuggled to Barcelona, where the Second Spanish Republic refused to extradite him to France.[6] However, the French authorities arrested Skoblin's wife, Nadezhda Plevitskaya, and a French court convicted her and sentenced her to 20 years in prison.[6][7] The NKVD successfully smuggled Miller back to Moscow, where he was tortured and summarily shot nineteen months later on 11 May 1939. According to NKVD General Pavel Sudoplatov, "His kidnapping was a cause célèbre. Eliminating him disrupted his organization of Tsarist officers and effectively prevented them from collaborating with the Germans against us."{{sfn|Sudoplatov|1994|p=37}} Sudoplatov also notes that Western accounts of NKVD officer Leonid Eitingon having played a role in the abduction of Miller are false.{{sfn|Sudoplatov|1994|p=36}} Copies of letters written by Miller while imprisoned in Moscow are in the Dmitri Volkogonov papers at the Library of Congress. In popular cultureThe kidnapping was the subject of a book written by Anatoly Rybakov, The Fear. It was also the basis of the French film Triple Agent (2004), directed by Éric Rohmer. General Miller appears as General Fedchenko in Vladimir Nabokov's story "The Assistant Producer", in which he is betrayed by "General Golubkov". The kidnapping of General Miller was fictionalized in Nikita Mikhalkov's award-winning film Burnt by the Sun. In the film the character known as "Mitya" (Oleg Menshikov) is a former White Army officer turned NKVD agent. Posing as a pianist in Paris, Mitya is described as having delivered eight White Generals to the NKVD. All are described as having been kidnapped, returned to Moscow, and shot without trial. One of the Generals is given the name "Weiner". See also
Notes and citations1. ^A. Tarulis, American-Baltic relations, 1918-1922: the struggle over recognition, Catholic University of America Press, 1965, p. 190 2. ^V. Goldin, J. Long, Resistance and Retribution: The Life and Fate of General EK Miller. Revolutionary Russia, 1999. 3. ^Собачье сердце и двойной обман 4. ^″Врангелов неоспорни ауторитет: Из тајних архива УДБЕ: РУСКА ЕМИГРАЦИЈА У ЈУГОСЛАВИЈИ 1918–1941.″ // Politika, 8 December 2017, p. 17. 5. ^″Помирљивост према политичким партијама: Из тајних архива УДБЕ: РУСКА ЕМИГРАЦИЈА У ЈУГОСЛАВИЈИ 1918–1941.″ // Politika, 12 December 2017, p. 21. 6. ^1 Barmine, Alexander, One Who Survived, New York: G.P. Putnam (1945), pp. 232–233 7. ^Orlov, Alexander, The March of Time, St. Ermin's Press (2004), {{ISBN|1-903608-05-8}} References{{commons category|Evgeny Miller}}Books
| last = Sudoplatov | first = Pavel | authorlink = Pavel Sudoplatov | title = Special Tasks: The Memoirs of an Unwanted Witness — A Soviet Spymaster | publisher = Little, Brown & Co. | location = Boston, MA | year = 1994 | isbn = 0316773522 | url = | ref = harv
External links
{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Miller, Evgenii}} 25 : 1867 births|1930s missing person cases|1939 deaths|Baltic-German people|Executed Latvian people|Executed military personnel|Executed Russian people|Forced disappearances in France|Formerly missing people found dead|Great Purge victims from Latvia|Kidnapped politicians|Kidnapped Russian people|Missing person cases in France|People executed for treason against the Soviet Union|People from Daugavpils|People from Vitebsk Governorate|People of the Russian Civil War|Russian All-Military Union members|Russian generals|Russian people of World War I|Russian politicians|Russian torture victims|White movement generals|White Russian emigrants to France|White Russian emigrants to Norway |
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