| 词条 | Zemla Intifada |
| 释义 |
| title = Zemla Intifada | partof = Western Sahara conflict | image = | caption = | date = 17 June 1970 | place = El Aaiun, Spanish Sahara | coordinates = | causes = | goals = Independence of the territory | methods =
| status = | result = | side1 = Sahrawi people Movement for the Liberation of Saguia el Hamra and Wadi el Dhahab | side2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Spain 1945 1977.svg}} Spanish government
| side3 = | leadfigures1 = | leadfigures2 = | leadfigures3 = | howmany1 = Thousands | howmany2 = ~100 | howmany3 = | casualties1 = 2-11 civilian killed, hundreds wounded or detained | casualties2 = Several injured | casualties3 = | casualties_label = | notes = }}{{Campaignbox Western Sahara conflict}}{{Sahara conflict}} The Zemla Intifada (or the Zemla Uprising) is the name used to refer to disturbances of June 17, 1970,[1] which culminated in a massacre (between 2 and 11 persons were killed) by Spanish Legion forces in the Zemla district of El Aaiun, Spanish Sahara (nowadays Western Sahara).[2] DemonstrationLeaders of the previous secret organization Harakat Tahrir called for a demonstration to read out a petition of goals in response against the Spanish occupation of Western Sahara. On June 17, 1970, this petition was read to the Spanish governor-general of the colony, General José María Pérez de Lema y Tejero, peacefully.[3] RiotAfter the demonstration was being dispersed by orders from Spain's governor-general, police moved in to arrest the Harakat Tahrirs leaders. Demonstrators responded to the police's actions by throwing stones at the police. The Spanish authorities called in the Spanish Foreign Legion who opened fire on the demonstrators, killing at least eleven people.[3] AftermathIn the days following the incident, the Harakat Tahrir's founder Muhammad Bassiri, and other Harakat Tahrir activists, were hunted down by Spanish security forces. Bassiri disappeared in jail after being arrested in 1970.[4] The Zemla demonstration led to the end of the Harakat Tahrir. Hundreds of their supporters were arrested, while other demonstrators were deported from Spanish Sahara.[3] The suppression of the Zemla demonstration pushed the Spanish Saharan anti-colonial movement into embracing armed struggle. The militant nationalist organization Polisario Front was formed three years later.[4] References1. ^{{cite news|title=Western Sahara: 44th Anniversary of Zemla Uprising|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201406191074.html|accessdate=6 November 2016|work=allafrica.com}}{{subscription required}} 2. ^{{cite book|last1=Tarver|first1=H. Michael|last2=Slape|first2=Emily|title=The Spanish Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia|isbn=9781440845703|page=36|edition=Volume I|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=1LCJDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA36|accessdate=6 November 2016}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite book|title=Western Sahara A "Spy" Guide - Strategic Information and Developments|publisher=IBP. Inc.|isbn=0739786407|page=45|edition=2013|accessdate=6 November 2016|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=d7AGBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA45}} 4. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.eng.gees.org/articulo/297/29 |title=Terrorism and War in the Sahara |accessdate=9 August 2008|last=Camacho |first=Ana|date=11 April 2008|publisher=GEES|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080807170500/http://www.eng.gees.org/articulo/297/29|archivedate=7 August 2008}} 7 : Intifadas|Protests in Western Sahara|Western Sahara conflict|Spanish Sahara|Laayoune|1970 in Spanish Sahara|Conflicts in 1970 |
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