| 词条 | Zhanaozen |
| 释义 |
|official_name = Zhanaozen |other_name = Jańaózen, Жанаозен |native_name = {{lang-kk|Жаңаөзен}} |nickname = Town of oil industry workers |settlement_type = Town |motto = |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = Emblem_Zhanaozen.jpeg |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_type = |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |image_dot_map = |dot_mapsize = |dot_map_caption = |dot_x = |dot_y = |pushpin_map = Kazakhstan |pushpin_label_position =bottom |pushpin_mapsize = 300 |pushpin_map_caption =Location in Kazakhstan |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = Kazakhstan |subdivision_type1 = Region |subdivision_name1 = Mangystau Region |subdivision_type2 = District |subdivision_name2 = |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name3 = |subdivision_type4 = |subdivision_name4 = |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title =Akim |leader_name =Elubay Zhakayuly Abilov (Елубай Жақайұлы Әбілов) |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |leader_title4 = |leader_name4 = |established_title = |established_date = |established_title2 = |established_date2 = |established_title3 = |established_date3 = |area_magnitude = |unit_pref = |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = 516 |area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |area_blank1_title = |area_blank1_km2 = |area_blank1_sq_mi = |population_as_of =2018 |population_footnotes =[1] |population_note = |population_total =147962 |population_density_km2 =auto |population_density_sq_mi = |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_urban = |population_density_urban_km2 = |population_density_urban_sq_mi = |population_blank1_title =Ethnicities |population_blank1 =Kazakhs, Russians and other |population_blank2_title =Religions |population_blank2 =Islam,Orthodox Christianity |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_density_blank1_sq_mi = |timezone =+5 |utc_offset = +5 |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |coordinates = {{coord|43|20|16|N|52|51|19|E|region:KZ|display=inline,title}} |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = 171 |elevation_ft = |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_code = |blank_name =Telephone code |blank_info =+72934 |blank1_name =Microregions |blank1_info =17 |website = {{URL|http://www.zhanaozen.gov.kz/kz}} |footnotes = }}Janaozen or Zhanaozen ({{lang-kk|Жаңаөзен|translit=Jańaózen}}, جاڭاوزەن), formerly known as Novy Uzen ({{lang-ru|link=no|Новый Узень}}/{{lang|ru-Latn|Nový Uzeń}}, until 1993), is a city in the Mangystau Region of Kazakhstan located south-east of the city of Aktau. The name of the town means "new river" in Kazakh. Zhanaozen is a city of regional significance.[3] It is completely surrounded by the territory of Karakiya District, but administratively does not belong to the district.[4] It had a population of 147,962 in 2018;[5] the census population in 2009 was 113,014, and that in 1999 had been 63,337.[6] HistoryThe town of Zhanaozen was founded in 1964, after the opening of an oil field in Uzen. On 21 October 1968 Novy Uzen took the status of a settlement of town type, and since March 20, 1973 the status of a city of regional significance. June 1989 saw large disorders. Novy Uzen was renamed Zhanaozen in October 1993. 2011 oil strike{{main|2011 Mangystau riots}}In May 2011, workers from the Ozenmunaigas oil field went on strike over pay. The strike was declared illegal by local courts and the state oil company sacked nearly 1000 employees.[7] Some of the sacked workers then occupied the town square in protest. On 16 December 2011 police were accused of firing on them.[8] Fifteen people (workers and police officers) were killed according to government officials, though opposition sources put the death toll in the dozens.[9] In disturbances that day local government offices, a hotel and an office of the state oil company were set on fire, according to General Prosecutor Askhat Daulbayev.[8] Eighty-six people were injured in the clashes – according to the authorities – and due to shortage of hospital beds in Zhanaozen, many were taken to be treated in the regional capital Aktau, about 150 km away.[9] A state of emergency was declared on December 17, roads into Zhanaozen were blocked, and the local airport was closed for incoming flights. Mobile phone coverage was blocked, as were internet connections.[9] Trials and allegations of torture and abuseA trial of protesters began in Aktau in May 2012. Many defendants complained that they had been physically abused, and some even tortured, while in police custody and during interrogation.[7] Some witnesses also claimed they had been threatened by police into giving false testimony.[7] Two further trials of security officials are taking place. In the mediaPopular Kazakh singer Bavyrjan released a song which openly criticised president Nazarbayev for not listening to the complaints of Zhanaozen's demonstrating workers. The song was banned by the government.[7] Location and geographyZhanaozen is located in the desert on Mangyshlak Peninsula. The town costs in the desert, weak hill district. ClimateZhanaozen has a cold desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWk) with sharp continental influences. Strong winds are present on a big extent of year. Winters not long, but rather frosty. Average winter temperature -5 -7 degrees Celsius, can sometimes reach -15 -17 degrees Celsius. Snow cover low power. Strong winds cause long snowstorms. Summer always hot, droughty and long. Average summer temperature +34 +36 degrees Celsius, can sometimes reach +45 degrees Celsius. The extremely rare rains have storm character. Average annual amount of precipitation of 120 mm. Rainfall is evenly distributed for all year slightly the increase in rainfall is observed during the spring period. {{Weather box|metric first=yes |single line=yes |location=Zhanaozen |Jan high C=0.8 |Feb high C=1.3 |Mar high C=7.3 |Apr high C=17.2 |May high C=24.7 |Jun high C=29.7 |Jul high C=32.7 |Aug high C=32.6 |Sep high C=25.7 |Oct high C=16.8 |Nov high C=9.1 |Dec high C=3.3 |Jan mean C=-2.9 |Feb mean C=-2.7 |Mar mean C=2.8 |Apr mean C=11.5 |May mean C=18.7 |Jun mean C=23.5 |Jul mean C=26.6 |Aug mean C=25.7 |Sep mean C=19.5 |Oct mean C=11.6 |Nov mean C=5.1 |Dec mean C=0.3 |Jan low C=-6.5 |Feb low C=-6.7 |Mar low C=-1.6 |Apr low C=5.9 |May low C=12.7 |Jun low C=17.4 |Jul low C=20.5 |Aug low C=18.8 |Sep low C=13.3 |Oct low C=6.4 |Nov low C=1.1 |Dec low C=-2.6 |Jan precipitation mm=8 |Feb precipitation mm=8 |Mar precipitation mm=14 |Apr precipitation mm=16 |May precipitation mm=16 |Jun precipitation mm=9 |Jul precipitation mm=8 |Aug precipitation mm=6 |Sep precipitation mm=7 |Oct precipitation mm=11 |Nov precipitation mm=13 |Dec precipitation mm=12 |source=http://en.climate-data.org/location/25822/ }} PopulationPopulation of the town with the adjacent villages of Kyzylsay (3,500 people), Tenge (18,700 people) and Rakhat (30,800 people) for the end of the 2012 reporting period made 129,600 people or 22.2% of the total population of the Mangystau region. In comparison, of 2012 the population increased on 4,500 people due to birth rate growth. National structure - Kazakhs, Russians, Karakalpaks and other nations. SportSports clubsFutsal club of Munaishy acting in the championship of Kazakhstan on a futsal. Sports constructions
TransportZhanaozen is a terminal station at the railway connecting it to Gorgan (Zhanaozen — Gyzylgaya — Bereket — Gyzyletrek — Gorgan). The city transport is presented by generally passenger "GAZellees" (12 routes, approx. 120 units) and private taxi. The cost of passenger journey — 40 tenge's (children's — 20 tenges), and a taxi — 150 — 300 tenge's. Famous residents
See also
References1. ^Agency of Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan. {{Mangystau Region}}{{Cities of Kazakhstan}}2. ^ 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://visitkazakhstan.nur.kz/ru/guide/information/11/69/|script-title=ru:Жанаозен|publisher=Nur.kz|language=Russian|accessdate=17 December 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204121908/http://visitkazakhstan.nur.kz/ru/guide/information/11/69|archivedate=4 February 2012|df=dmy-all}} 4. ^{{cite journal|date=15 November 2011|script-title=ru:Об итогах рейтинга городов и районов Мангистауской области по динамике социально-экономического развития за 3 квартал 2011 года|journal=Огни Мангистау|location=Aktau|url=http://ogni.kz/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=5238&Itemid=3|accessdate=17 December 2011|language=Russian}} 5. ^Agency of Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan. 6. ^Agency of Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan. 7. ^1 2 3 {{cite web | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-18055249 | title=Abuse claims swamp Kazakh oil riot trial | publisher=BBC | accessdate=16 May 2012}} 8. ^1 [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-16221566 Kazakh oil strike: 10 dead in Zhanaozen clashes], BBC, retrieved 16/12/2011 9. ^1 2 [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-16231305 Kazakhstan curfew on oil town Zhanaozen after fatal clashes], BBC, retrieved 17/12/2011 3 : Cities and towns in Kazakhstan|Populated places in Mangystau Region|Populated places established in 1968 |
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