| 词条 | Zhokhov Island |
| 释义 |
| name = Zhokhov Island |image_name= Delong1.PNG |image_caption=Map of the De Long Islands. | map_image = Siberia DL.png | map_caption= Map showing the location of the group | native_name = Остров Жохова | native_name_link = Russian language | nickname = | location = East Siberian Sea | coordinates = {{coord|76.141111|N|152.733056|E|display=inline, title}} | archipelago =De Long Islands | total_islands =5 | major_islands = | area_km2 = 77 | length_km =10.8 | width_km =8.7 | highest_mount = | elevation_m =123 | country = Russia | country_admin_divisions_title = Federal subject | country_admin_divisions = Far Eastern Federal District | country_admin_divisions_title_1 = Republic | country_admin_divisions_1 = Sakha | country_admin_divisions_title_2 = | country_admin_divisions_2 = | country_largest_city = | country_largest_city_population = | population = uninhabited | population_as_of = | density_km2 = | ethnic_groups = | additional_info = }}Zhokhov Island ({{lang-ru|Остров Жохова}}; Ostrov Zhokhova) is an island in the East Siberian Sea, situated 128 km north east of Novaya Sibir Island, the easternmost of the New Siberian Islands. Zhokhov Island belongs to the De Long group. It has an area of {{convert|77|km²|0|abbr=on}}. The highest point of the island is {{convert|123|m|0|abbr=on}}. This island belongs to the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic administrative division of Russia.[1] Although the island itself is unglaciated, the sea surrounding Zhokhov Island is covered with fast ice in the winter and the climate is severe. The surrounding sea is obstructed by pack ice, even during the summer. GeologyZhokhov Island consists of extrusive basalt lava flows and tuffs. The bulk of this island is made up of a thick stack of olivine basalt, olivine trachybasalt, and nepheline basalt lava flows. Overlying these lava flows is a layer of friable volcanic ash and tuff that is capped by a thick basalt lava flow. The total thickness of volcanic rocks exposed within Zhokhov Island is about 400 meters[2][3] VegetationRush/grass, forb, cryptogam tundra covers the Zhokhov Island. It is tundra consisting mostly of very low-growing grasses, rushes, forbs, mosses, lichens, and liverworts. These plants either mostly or completely cover the surface of the ground. The soils are typically moist, fine-grained, and often hummocky.[4] HistoryMesolithic humans occupied the island as early as 6000 BCE. Tools of stone, bone, antler, and ivory have been found, as well as wooden arrow shafts and a sledge runner. Animal remains suggest a culture dependent on the hunting of polar bears and reindeer.[5] Evidence published in 2017 suggests that the early inhabitants of Zhokhov Island were the first, or among the first, humans to selectively breed dogs. Findings indicate that larger dogs may have been bred for hunting and smaller dogs weighing {{convert|16|kg|lb}} to {{convert|25|kg|lb}} were bred for pulling sleds.[6]In modern times, Zhokhov Island was discovered by the 1910–1915 Russian Arctic Ocean Hydrographic Expedition under Boris Vilkitsky on the ships Vaygach and Taymyr. It was originally named Novopashenniy Island, after Piotr Alekseyevich Novopashenniy (1881–1950) Captain of icebreaker Vaygach, but in 1926 it was renamed after Lieutenant Alexey Zhokhov, a member of the expedition.[7] Climate{{Weather box|width=auto|metric first=yes |single line=yes |location=Zhokov Island |Jan record high C=-7.8 |Feb record high C=-2.8 |Mar record high C=-7.8 |Apr record high C=-3.0 |May record high C=7.2 |Jun record high C=11.0 |Jul record high C=14.5 |Aug record high C=18.0 |Sep record high C=7.5 |Oct record high C=11.0 |Nov record high C=-1.7 |Dec record high C=-3.2 |year record high C=18.0 |Jan high C=-25.5 |Feb high C=-26.5 |Mar high C=-24.2 |Apr high C=-17.4 |May high C=-6.9 |Jun high C=-0.1 |Jul high C=2.7 |Aug high C=1.4 |Sep high C=-2.6 |Oct high C=-11.1 |Nov high C=-20.1 |Dec high C=-24.2 |year high C=-14.1 |Jan mean C=-28.3 |Feb mean C=-29.3 |Mar mean C=-27.2 |Apr mean C=-20.4 |May mean C=-9.0 |Jun mean C=-1.5 |Jul mean C=1.1 |Aug mean C=0.3 |Sep mean C=-4.3 |Oct mean C=-13.8 |Nov mean C=-22.9 |Dec mean C=-26.9 |year mean C=-16.6 |Jan low C=-31.6 |Feb low C=-32.4 |Mar low C=-30.7 |Apr low C=-24.4 |May low C=-12.0 |Jun low C=-3.3 |Jul low C=-0.6 |Aug low C=-1.9 |Sep low C=-6.6 |Oct low C=-17.1 |Nov low C=-26.1 |Dec low C=-29.9 |year low C=-19.5 |Jan record low C=-46.1 |Feb record low C=-48.0 |Mar record low C=-45.0 |Apr record low C=-38.0 |May record low C=-26.0 |Jun record low C=-15.0 |Jul record low C=-7.6 |Aug record low C=-8.9 |Sep record low C=-23.1 |Oct record low C=-33.0 |Nov record low C=-38.0 |Dec record low C=-43.0 |year record low C=-48.0 |Jan precipitation mm=13.6 |Feb precipitation mm=12.3 |Mar precipitation mm=7.8 |Apr precipitation mm=33.6 |May precipitation mm=20.2 |Jun precipitation mm=63.8 |Jul precipitation mm=68.2 |Aug precipitation mm=114.9 |Sep precipitation mm=53.1 |Oct precipitation mm=50.1 |Nov precipitation mm=31.1 |Dec precipitation mm=9.5 |year precipitation mm=478.2 |source 1= [8] }} In popular cultureZhokhov Island is mentioned in Stanley Kubrick's How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb as a place where the Russians built the doomsday device.[9] Ostrov Zhokhova is also mentioned in the Soviet "sad comedy" film by Georgii Danelia "Osennii Marafon" (Autumn Marathon). The film's "hero" Andrei Buzykin's daughter and her husband depart to take up a job in the weather station on Zhokhov Island, to Andrei's horror. See also
References1. ^Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya) Land Feature Database {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035803/http://land.worldcitydb.com/respublika_sakha_(yakutiya)_in_russian_federation_state.html |date=September 27, 2007 }} 2. ^Fujita, K., and D.B. Cook, 1990, The Arctic continental margin of eastern Siberia, in A. Grantz, L. Johnson, and J. F. Sweeney, eds., pp. 289-304, The Arctic Ocean Region. Geology of North America, vol L, Geological Society of America, Boulder, Colorado. 3. ^Kos’ko, M.K., B.G. Lopatin, and V.G. Ganelin, 1990, Major geological features of the islands of the East Siberian and Chukchi Seas and the Northern Coast of Chukotka. Marine Geology. vol. 93, pp. 349–367 4. ^CAVM Team, 2003, Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation Map. Scale 1:7,500,000. Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF) Map No. 1. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage, Alaska. 5. ^{{cite journal |last=Pitul'ko |first=V. V. |year=1993 |title=An Early Holocene Site in the Siberian High Arctic |journal=Arctic Anthropology |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=13–21 |jstor=40316326 }} 6. ^{{cite journal |last=Grimm |first=David |date=May 26, 2017 |title=Earliest evidence for dog breeding found on remote Siberian island |url=http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/05/earliest-evidence-dog-breeding-found-remote-siberian-island |journal=Science |volume=356 |issue=6340 |pages= |doi=10.1126/science.aan6897 |access-date=21 Jan 2018 }} 7. ^Starokadomski, L. M. and O. M. Cattley, 1919, [https://www.jstor.org/pss/1779414 "Vilkitski's North-East Passage, 1914-15"]. The Geographical Journal. vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 367–375. 8. ^{{Cite web |url=http://climatebase.ru/station/21358/|title=Weather Averages for Zhokov Island (1955-1993)|publisher=climatebase.ru|accessdate=17 December 2014}} 9. ^Walker, A., S. Taylor, U. Ruchti, 1999, Stanley Kubrick, Director. W. W. Norton & Company, New York, New York. 376 pp. Further reading
4 : De Long Islands|Islands of the East Siberian Sea|Prehistory of the Arctic|Islands of the Sakha Republic |
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