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词条 Zinc iodide
释义

  1. Applications

  2. References

{{chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 477000081
| IUPACName = Zinc iodide
| OtherNames = Zinc(II) iodide
| ImageFile = ZnI2structure.jpg
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 59657
| InChI = 1/2HI.Zn/h2*1H;/q;;+2/p-2
| InChIKey = UAYWVJHJZHQCIE-NUQVWONBAB
| SMILES = I[Zn]I
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/2HI.Zn/h2*1H;/q;;+2/p-2
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = UAYWVJHJZHQCIE-UHFFFAOYSA-L
| CASNo = 10139-47-6
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|changed|FDA}}
| UNII = 762R7A0O0B
| PubChem = 66278
| RTECS =
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = ZnI2
| MolarMass = 319.22 g/mol
| Appearance = white solid
| Density = 4.74 g/cm3
| Solubility = 450 g/100mL (20 °C)
| SolubleOther =
| Solvent =
| MeltingPtC = 446
| BoilingPtC = 1150
| BoilingPt_notes = decomposes
| MagSus = −98.0·10−6 cm3/mol
|Section3={{Chembox Structure
| CrystalStruct = Tetragonal, tI96
| SpaceGroup = I41/acd, No. 142
|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalSDS = External MSDS
| EUClass =
| RPhrases =
| SPhrases =
| NFPA-H =
| NFPA-F =
| NFPA-R =
| NFPA-S =
| FlashPtC = 625
|Section8={{Chembox Related
| OtherAnions = Zinc fluoride
Zinc chloride
Zinc bromide
| OtherCations = Cadmium iodide
Mercury(I) iodide
| OtherCompounds =
}}Zinc iodide is a chemical compound of zinc and iodine, ZnI2. The anhydrous form is white and readily absorbs water from the atmosphere. It can be prepared by the direct reaction of zinc and iodine in refluxing ether.[1] or by reacting zinc with iodine in aqueous solution:[2]

Zn + I2→ ZnI2

At 1150 °C, zinc iodide vapour dissociates into zinc and iodine.{{Citation needed|date=January 2009}}

In aqueous solution the following have been detected, octahedral Zn(H2O)62+, [ZnI(H2O)5]+ and tetrahedral ZnI2(H2O)2, ZnI3(H2O)− and ZnI42−.[3]

The structure of crystalline ZnI2 is unusual, and while zinc atoms are tetrahedrally coordinated, as in ZnCl2, groups of four of these tetrahedra share three vertices to form “super-tetrahedra” of composition {Zn4I10}, which are linked by their vertices to form a three-dimensional structure.[4] These "super-tetrahedra" are similar to the P4O10 structure.[4]

Molecular ZnI2 is linear as predicted by VSEPR theory with a Zn-I bond length of 238 pm.[4]

Applications

  • Zinc iodide is often used as an x-ray opaque penetrant in industrial radiography to improve the contrast between the damage and intact composite.[5][6]
  • United States patent 4,109,065 [7] describes a rechargeable aqueous zinc-halogen cell which includes an aqueous electrolytic solution containing a zinc salt selected from the class consisting of zinc bromide, zinc iodide, and mixtures thereof, in both positive and negative electrode compartments.
  • In conjunction with osmium tetroxide, ZnI2 is used as a stain in electron microscopy.[8]
  • Zinc iodide is an excellent catalyst for the selective conversion of methanol to triptane and hexamethylbenzene.[9]

References

1. ^{{cite book | author = Eagleson, M. | year = 1994 | title = Concise Encyclopedia Chemistry | publisher = Walter de Gruyter | isbn = 3-11-011451-8 }}
2. ^{{cite journal | author = DeMeo, S. | title = Synthesis and Decomposition of Zinc Iodide: Model Reactions for Investigating Chemical Change in the Introductory Laboratory | journal = Journal of Chemical Education | year = 1995 | volume = 72 | issue = 9 | pages = 836 | doi = 10.1021/ed072p836 }}
3. ^{{cite journal |author1=Wakita, H. |author2=Johansson, G. |author3=Sandström, M. |author4=Goggin, P. L. |author5=Ohtaki, H. | title = Structure determination of zinc iodide complexes formed in aqueous solution | journal = Journal of Solution Chemistry | year = 1991 | volume = 20 | issue = 7 | pages = 643–668 | doi = 10.1007/BF00650714 }}
4. ^1 2 {{cite book | author = Wells, A. F. | year = 1984 | title = Structural Inorganic Chemistry | edition = 5th | publisher = Oxford Science Publications | isbn = 0-19-855370-6 }}
5. ^{{cite book |editor1=Baker, A. |editor2=Dutton, S. |editor3=Kelly, D. | title = Composite Materials for Aircraft Structures | edition = 2nd | year = 2004 | publisher = AIAA (American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics) | isbn = 1-56347-540-5 }}
6. ^{{cite book | title = Plastics Failure Guide | author = Ezrin, M. | publisher = Hanser Gardner Publications | year = 1996 | isbn = 1-56990-184-8 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=baWyaC3w3hcC&printsec=frontcover }}
7. ^{{cite patent | country = US | status = patent | number = 4109065 | title = Rechargeable aqueous zinc-halogen cell | gdate = 1978-08-22 | inventor = Will, F. G.; Secor, F. W. | assign1 = General Electric }}
8. ^{{cite book | author = Hayat, M. A. | title = Principles and Techniques of Electron Microscopy: Biological Applications | year = 2000 | edition = 4th | publisher = Cambridge University Press | isbn = 0-521-63287-0 }}
9. ^{{Cite journal|last=Bercaw|first=John E.|last2=Diaconescu|first2=Paula L.|last3=Grubbs|first3=Robert H.|last4=Kay|first4=Richard D.|last5=Kitching|first5=Sarah|last6=Labinger|first6=Jay A.|last7=Li|first7=Xingwei|last8=Mehrkhodavandi|first8=Parisa|last9=Morris|first9=George E.|date=2006-11-01|title=On the Mechanism of the Conversion of Methanol to 2,2,3-Trimethylbutane (Triptane) over Zinc Iodide|url=https://doi.org/10.1021/jo0617823|journal=The Journal of Organic Chemistry|volume=71|issue=23|pages=8907–8917|doi=10.1021/jo0617823|issn=0022-3263}}
{{Zinc compounds}}

3 : Iodides|Metal halides|Zinc compounds
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