| 词条 | Zlín Z-37 | ||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Zlin Z-37 Čmelák (Czech: "Bumblebee"), also known as LET Z-37 Čmelák is an agricultural aircraft which was manufactured in Czechoslovakia. It is powered by a Soviet-built Ivchenko reciprocating engine.[1] The aircraft is used mainly as a cropduster. Design and developmentDesign work on the first purpose-designed agricultural aircraft started in Czechoslovakia in 1961, with a cooperation of two manufacturers: Let Kunovice and Moravan (Zlin brand). The first prototype, designated as XZ-37, first flew on 29 March 1963[2] (other sources:29 June){{Citation needed|date=November 2008}}. It was a cantilever low-wing monoplane of tubular metal construction, the wings and stabilizers covered with duralumin and the fuselage and control surfaces made of fabric. It had a fixed undercarriage with a fully castering tailwheel, but locked to the rudders for ground handling. The pilot's cockpit was in front, immediately behind a 315 hp radial engine, with a hopper for chemicals situated behind the cockpit. This offered the pilot a good view, but was potentially dangerous in case of an emergency landing. A mechanic could be seated behind the hopper, facing backwards.[2] There were also spray booms mounted under the wings. There is also a freight version with open space instead of hopper and spray equipment and a -3 variant with three passenger seats facing rearwards. The aircraft was produced from 1965 under the designation Z-37. From 1971, the Z-37A was produced, with a strengthened construction. It was produced until 1975, and then in 1983-1984. 677 were produced, including 27 two-seater Z-37A-2s for crew training. On 6 September 1981 the prototype XZ-37T first flew, powered by a (691 shp) Walter M-601B turboprop engine. Two further prototypes of the definitive turboprop version, the Z-37T Agro Turbo, powered by a less powerful M-601Z engine, flew on 12 July and 29 December 1983. As well as the new engine, it had longer-span wings (13.63 m) fitted with winglets.[3] The Z-37T was produced from 1985 until 1994, with a total of 51 aircraft built.,[4] including some Z-37T-2 two-seater trainers. Later production aircraft were redesignated Zlin Z-137T.[5] Operational historyThe main user of Z-37s was Czechoslovakia (now Czech and Slovak Republics) along with East Germany and other Eastern Bloc countries. Many were exported to the Sudan and India and flown there almost non-stop with the hopper used as extra fuel tank. Variants are as far a field as England and the USA. Current use is limited because of fuel costs and are now used mainly in Slovakia. Many are used for glider towing, having the ability to easily tow two gliders and often transport four gliders in tow for cross country. A record has been set by a Z 137T in Slovakia, towing nine double seater gliders.[6] Variants
First prototype.
First production version built between 1965 and 1971.
Second production version with strengthened construction. Built between 1971 and 1975 and later between 1983 and 1984, 650 built.
Two-seat version for crew training, 27 built.
Pilot plus three passenger version. Conversion of "A" version. Rear-facing seats.
Prototype of the turboprop version powered by Walter M-601B engine, built in 1981.
Turboprop version with bigger span wings, powered by Walter M-601Z engine and built between 1985 and 1987. 28 built including Z-37T-2 trainer.
Two-seat turboprop version for crew training built between 1985 and 1987.
Further development version. Operators
Former operators
Aircraft on display
Specifications (Z 37A){{Aircraft specifications|plane or copter?=plane |jet or prop?=prop |ref=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1976-77 [10] |crew=one, pilot |capacity=1, mechanic (optional), 650 l of chemicals |length main=8.55 m |length alt=28 ft 0½ in |span main=12.22 m |span alt=40 ft 1¼ in |height main=2.90 m |height alt=9 ft 6 in |area main=23.80 m² |area alt=256.2 ft² |empty weight main=1,043 kg |empty weight alt=2,295 lb |loaded weight main=1,850 kg |loaded weight alt= |useful load main=600 kg |useful load alt= |max takeoff weight main=1,850 kg |max takeoff weight alt=4,080 lb |engine (prop)=Avia M462RF |type of prop= air-cooled 9-cylinder radial engine (supercharged) |number of props=1 |power main=235 kW |power alt=315 hp |max speed main=210 km/h |max speed alt=113 knots, 130 mph |max speed more= |cruise speed main= 183 km/h |cruise speed alt=99 knots, 114 mph |stall speed main= 81 km/h |stall speed alt= 45 knots, 51 mph |never exceed speed main= 270 km/h |never exceed speed alt= 145 knots, 167 mph |range main=640 km |range alt=345 NM, 398 mi |ceiling main=4,000 m |ceiling alt=13,125 ft |climb rate main=4.7 m/s |climb rate alt=925 ft/min |loading main= |loading alt= |power/mass main= |power/mass alt= |more performance=
|armament= }} See also{{Aircontent||related= |similar aircraft=
|lists= |see also= }} References1. ^[https://archive.org/stream/Aviation_Week_1963-09-23#page/n11/mode/1up Industry Observer], Aviation Week & Space Technology, September 23, 1963, v. 79, no. 13, p. 23. 2. ^1 J.W.R Taylor 1976, p.30. 3. ^J.W.R Taylor 1988, p.52. 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.zlinaircraft.cz/photohistory.html |title=History of production of ZLIN aircraft |accessdate=2008-11-03 |work= |publisher=Zlin Aircraft |date= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024202249/http://www.zlinaircraft.cz/photohistory.html |archivedate=October 24, 2007 }} 5. ^M. Taylor 1996, p.389. 6. ^url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zAdIkB5rbgo|title=Zlin 137t towing nine gliders|access-date=January 23, 2019 7. ^{{cite web |title=AIRCRAFTS COLLECTION [sic]|url=http://www.airmuseum-bg.com/eng/Kolekcii/LetAparat_samolet.html |website=Aviation Museum |publisher=Aviation Museum |accessdate=9 July 2018}} 8. ^{{cite web |title=Muzej Yugoslovenskog Ratnog Vazduhoplovstva |url=http://www.aviationmuseum.eu/World/Europe/Serbia/Belgrade/Muzej_Ratnog_Vazduhoplovstva.htm |website=AviationMuseum.eu |accessdate=9 July 2018}} 9. ^{{cite web |title=Zlin Agri-Plane |url=http://www.aviationmuseum.co.nz/cms/index.php/museum-exhibiits#!14 |website=Ashburton Aviation Museum |publisher=The Ashburton Aviation Museum |accessdate=9 July 2018}} 10. ^J.W.R. Taylor 1976, pp.30—31.
External links{{commons category|Zlin Z-37}}
6 : Czechoslovakian agricultural aircraft 1960–1969|Zlín aircraft|Glider tugs|Single-engined tractor aircraft|Low-wing aircraft|Aircraft first flown in 1963 |
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