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词条 Zoophilia and the law
释义

  1. Public opinion

  2. Political parties

  3. Organizations

  4. Objectives

  5. Background

      International differences    Prohibitions without specific bestiality statutes  

  6. Laws against sex with animals

      Exceptions  

  7. Zoophilic pornography

  8. National laws

     Africa  Northern Africa  Western Africa  Central Africa  Southeast Africa  Horn of Africa  Indian Ocean States  Southern Africa  Americas  North America  Mexico  United States  Central America  Caribbean  South America  Asia  Central Asia  Eurasia  Western Asia  Southern Asia  Eastern Asia  Southeast Asia  Republic of Indonesia  Europe  Central Europe  Eastern Europe  Northern Europe  Southern Europe  Western Europe  Oceania  Australasia  Commonwealth of Australia  Melanesia  Micronesia  Polynesia 

  9. History

  10. Mentions in the press

  11. See also

  12. Notes

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2012}}{{Sex and the law}}{{multiple issues|{{Expert needed|talk=Needs to be supervised by an expert(s) on law and/or anthropology to give a more critical view on the article's subject|date=March 2014}}{{refimprove|date=August 2012}}{{POV check|date=July 2011}}
|Частное=}}

Zoophilia and the law looks at the laws governing humans performing sex acts with non-human animals. Laws against humans performing sex acts on animals, where they exist, are concerned with the actual act, which it commonly refers to as bestiality, rather than the sexual attraction to animals. For this reason, prohibitions of zoophilic pornography are more varied; they may be unlawful if an actual sex act with an animal is involved, but the status is not clear-cut if there is a mere representation, such as a painting or cartoon. In that case, normal obscenity laws will normally apply. All zoophilic imagery is widely regarded as pornography.

Public opinion

According to a 2014 poll carried out by Gallup, 76% of Denmark supports banning bestiality.[1]

An April 2017 Yougov poll found 75% of the United Kingdom think bestiality should be illegal, 11% didn't think bestiality should be illegal, and 14% don't know.[2]

Political parties

On 21 April 2015, the Liberal Alliance was the only party in the Danish Folketing to oppose and vote against banning bestiality, while the Red-Green Alliance abstained. Liberal Alliance MP Joachim Olsen said about the bill: "Best case, this is a superficial law. Worst case, it is political populism and moralism".[3][4]

Organizations

Denmark's Animal Ethics Council opposed banning bestiality in Denmark in 2006 and 2015, saying existing laws which allow bestiality except in cases where the animal can be proved to have suffered were enough.[5][6]

Objectives

Laws on bestiality tend to be shaped by animal welfare concerns, moral views, and cultural beliefs. In many cultures, humans are seen as fundamentally different from other animals and having sex with animals is seen as defilement.[7]

One of the primary critiques of bestiality is that it is harmful to animals and necessarily abusive, because animals are unable to give or withhold consent.[7]

Background

{{Globalize/West | section | date=March 2014}}

International differences

Some jurisdictions list laws very clearly, such as England and Wales, which specifically prohibits penetration of a human being by the penis of an animal, and penetration of an animal by a human's penis.[8]

By contrast, many countries and US states are less precise about the scope of law in that they outlaw sex with animals, without defining what constitutes "sex".{{citation needed|date=August 2012}}

Even if bestiality is not explicitly prohibited, there are often many other laws which can be used to effectively prosecute cases. For example, most countries have animal cruelty laws, and a prosecutor will argue that all zoophilia activity is animal abuse.[9] In some U.S. states, a person who engages in bestiality can be charged with animal cruelty.[10]

Prohibitions without specific bestiality statutes

Some countries have a range of laws on their books. Sometimes sodomy laws or "crime against nature" laws are used to prosecute people who have sex with animals.

In the case of Kenneth Pinyan, who died from injuries sustained from receiving anal sex from a horse, local law enforcement found that there were no laws that allowed them to prosecute his friend, who had filmed the event and also allowed himself to be sodomized by the horse. The friend was prosecuted for trespassing. That case prompted the Washington State legislature to draw up legislation outlawing sex with animals.[11]

In a 2005 Florida case, a man who had sex with his dog was charged with disorderly conduct, since the state had no anti-bestiality laws on the books at the time.[12] On October 1, 2011, the state of Florida State Law 828.126, F.S went into effect, banning sex with animals.[13]

Laws against sex with animals

Aggrawal has discussed extensively on laws against bestiality.[14] It is permitted in a few countries although ordinary animal treatment laws apply.

There are also commonly laws against forcing another person to engage in sexual activity with other animals, especially minors (usually considered equivalent to rape), and laws related to exposing others (either non-consensually or minors) to the sight of a sexual act. In some jurisdictions, laws against zoophilia conduct also include provisions for seizure of animals where convicted.

Exceptions

{{see also|Artificial insemination#In livestock and pets|Semen collection#By species|Horse sheath cleaning}}

Sexual handling of an animal for the purposes of veterinary practice, or animal husbandry (breeding), is normally exempted where such laws exist. In public discussion for the recently passed Oregon law, however, one animal shelter's spokesperson wanted the husbandry exemption kept out, as he was concerned that someone might use these "accepted farming practices" as a legal loophole to then have (legal) sexual contact with an animal only for personal enjoyment. One of the legislators responded by asking if they were trying to outlaw an act (of sexual contact), or a state of mind. The veterinary and husbandry exemption was left out of Oregon's law in the final, enacted version.

Zoophilic pornography

{{main|Animal pornography}}

The legality of pornography has three components: legality of production, legality of sale and transportation, and legality of ownership. In general, animal pornography is legal to produce where both zoophilic activity and the creation of pornography in general are legal. Laws concerning sale, transmission and ownership vary more widely.

Erotic art, such as animal pornography in cartoons and the like, which does not require the recording of an actual sexual act, are not usually considered sex with animals by the law, and so their status depends upon more general laws such as legal limits upon obscenity or pornography alone, and the thin line between erotic art and pornography.

National laws

Laws affecting zoophilic activities vary across different countries and other sub-national jurisdictions. In general, these laws regulate performing or receiving sexual activity from non-human animals, or the sale, distribution, and ownership of zoophilic pornography.

Africa

Northern Africa

Country or territory Bestiality Sale and distribution of zoophilic pornography Ownership of zoophilic pornography
Algeria}} Algeria Illegal since June 8, 1966
Penalty: Maximum of three years in prison and a fine 10,000 Algerian dinars[16]		 Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Illegal
Ownership of any kind of pornography illegal
Canary Islands}} Canary Islands
(Autonomous community of Spain)		 Illegal since March 30, 2015
Penalty: Minimum of three months and one day to a maximum of one year of imprisonment and a year's disqualification and a day to three years for the exercise of profession, trade or business that is related to animals and animal husbandry[17][18]		 Unknown Unknown
Ceuta}} Ceuta
(Autonomous city of Spain)		 Illegal since March 30, 2015
Penalty: Minimum of three months and one day to a maximum of one year of imprisonment and a year's disqualification and a day to three years for the exercise of profession, trade or business that is related to animals and animal husbandry[17][18]		 Unknown Unknown
Egypt}} Egypt Unknown Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Illegal
Ownership of any kind of pornography illegal
Libya}} Libya Unknown Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Illegal
Ownership of any kind of pornography illegal
Madeira}} Madeira
(Autonomous region of Portugal)		 Illegal[17]

Penalty: Unknown

 Unknown Unknown
Melilla}} Melilla
(Autonomous city of Spain)		 Illegal since March 30, 2015
Penalty: Minimum of three months and one day to a maximum of one year of imprisonment and a year's disqualification and a day to three years for the exercise of profession, trade or business that is related to animals and animal husbandry[17][18]		 Unknown Unknown
Morocco}} Morocco Unknown Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Illegal
Ownership of any kind of pornography illegal
South Sudan}} South Sudan Unknown Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Unknown
Sudan}} Sudan Unknown Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Illegal
Ownership of any kind of pornography illegal
Tunisia}} Tunisia Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of three years' imprisonment[16]		 Unknown Unknown

Western Africa

Country or territory Bestiality Sale and distribution of zoophilic pornography Ownership of zoophilic pornography
Benin}} Benin Unknown Unknown Unknown
Burkina Faso}} Burkina Faso Unknown Unknown Unknown
Cape Verde}} Cape Verde Unknown Unknown Unknown
Côte d'Ivoire}} Côte d'Ivoire Unknown Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Unknown
Gambia}} Gambia Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of fourteen years' imprisonment[16]		 Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Unknown
Ghana}} Ghana Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of three years' imprisonment[16]		 Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Illegal
Ownership of any kind of pornography illegal
Guinea}} Guinea Unknown Unknown Unknown
Guinea-Bissau}} Guinea-Bissau Unknown Unknown Unknown
Liberia}} Liberia Unknown Unknown Unknown
Mali}} Mali Unknown Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Unknown
Mauritania}} Mauritania Unknown Unknown Unknown
Niger}} Niger Unknown Unknown Unknown
Nigeria}} Nigeria Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of fourteen years' imprisonment[16]		 Unknown Unknown
Senegal}} Senegal Unknown Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Unknown
Sierra Leone}} Sierra Leone Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of life imprisonment[16]		 Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Unknown
Togo}} Togo Unknown Unknown Unknown

Central Africa

Country or territory Bestiality Sale and distribution of zoophilic pornography Ownership of zoophilic pornography
Cameroon}} Cameroon Illegal

Penalty: Maximum of five years' imprisonment

[15]		 Unknown Unknown
Central African Republic}} Central African Republic Unknown Unknown Unknown
Chad}} Chad Unknown Unknown Unknown
Democratic Republic of the Congo}} Democratic Republic of the Congo Unknown Unknown Unknown
Equatorial Guinea}} Equatorial Guinea Unknown Unknown Unknown
Gabon}} Gabon Unknown Unknown Unknown
Republic of the Congo}} Republic of the Congo Unknown Unknown Unknown
Saint Helena}} Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
(Overseas territory of the United Kingdom)		 Unknown Unknown Unknown
São Tomé and Príncipe}} São Tomé and Príncipe Unknown Unknown Unknown

Southeast Africa

Country or territory Bestiality Sale and distribution of zoophilic pornography Ownership of zoophilic pornography
Burundi}} Burundi Illegal
Penalty: Minimum of one year's imprisonment, maximum of three years' imprisonment, fine of fifty thousand to one hundred thousand francs, or both[16]		 Unknown Unknown
Kenya}} Kenya Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of fourteen years' imprisonment or the common law offense[16]		 Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Illegal
Ownership of any kind of pornography illegal
Rwanda}} Rwanda Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of two years' imprisonment[17]		 Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Unknown
Uganda}} Uganda Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of life imprisonment[16]		 Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Illegal
Ownership of any kind of pornography illegal
Tanzania}} Tanzania Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of life imprisonment[16]		 Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Illegal
Ownership of any kind of pornography illegal

Horn of Africa

Country or territory Bestiality Sale and distribution of zoophilic pornography Ownership of zoophilic pornography
Djibouti}} Djibouti Unknown Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Unknown
Eritrea}} Eritrea Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of six months in prison and a fine 20,000 Nakfas[18]		 Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Unknown
Ethiopia}} EthiopiaIllegal
Penalty: Imprisonment[19]		 Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Unknown
Somalia}} Somalia Unknown Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Unknown
Somaliland}} Somaliland Unknown Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Illegal
Ownership of any kind of pornography illegal

Indian Ocean States

Country or territory Bestiality Sale and distribution of zoophilic pornography Ownership of zoophilic pornography
British Indian Ocean Territory}} British Indian Ocean Territory
(Overseas territory of the United Kingdom)		 Unknown Unknown Unknown
Comoros}} Comoros Unknown Unknown Unknown
French Southern and Antarctic Lands}} French Southern and Antarctic Lands
(Overseas territory of France)		Illegal since March 9, 2004
Penalty: Maximum of 2 years in prison and €30,000 fine[37]		 Unknown Unknown
Madagascar}} Madagascar Unknown Unknown Unknown
Mauritius}} Mauritius Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of five years' imprisonment[16]		 Unknown Unknown
Mayotte}} Mayotte
(Overseas department of France)		Illegal since March 9, 2004
Penalty: Maximum of 2 years in prison and €30,000 fine[37]		 Unknown Unknown
Réunion}} Réunion
(Overseas department of France)		Illegal since March 9, 2004
Penalty: Maximum of 2 years in prison and €30,000 fine[37]		 Unknown Unknown
Seychelles}} Seychelles Unknown Unknown Unknown

Southern Africa

Country or territory Bestiality Sale and distribution of zoophilic pornography Ownership of zoophilic pornography
Angola}} Angola Illegal
Penalty: A bond of good behavior, being put on probation for a certain period, or internment in a workhouse or agricultural colony for a maximum of three years[16]		 Unknown Unknown
Botswana}} Botswana Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of seven years' imprisonment[16]		 Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Illegal
Ownership of any kind of pornography illegal
Eswatini}} Eswatini (Swaziland) Unknown Unknown Unknown
Lesotho}} Lesotho Illegal[20] Unknown Unknown
Malawi}} Malawi Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of fourteen years' imprisonment, with or without corporal punishment[16]		 Unknown Unknown
Mozambique}} Mozambique Unknown Unknown Unknown
Namibia}} Namibia Illegal
Penalty: Determined by judge[16]		 Unknown Unknown
South Africa}} South AfricaIllegal
Penalty: Determined by judge[21]		Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of five years in prison and R200,000 fine[22]		 Unknown
Zambia}} Zambia Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of life imprisonment[16]		 Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Illegal
Ownership of any kind of pornography illegal
Zimbabwe}} Zimbabwe Unknown Unknown Unknown

Americas

North America

Country or territory Bestiality Sale and distribution of zoophilic pornography Ownership of zoophilic pornography
Bermuda}} Bermuda
(Overseas territory of the United Kingdom)		 Unknown Unknown Unknown
Canada}} Canada Legal / Illegal

Penalty: Penetration Legislation: The Supreme Court of Canada ruled that the country's current legal definition of bestiality only bans penetrative sexual acts with animals, but also that it didn't legalize any other similar activities.

Maximum of ten years' imprisonment or is guilty of an offense punishable on summary conviction[23][50][24]

 Illegal[50]

Penalty: Unknown

 Legal[50]
Greenland}} Greenland
(Constituent country of the Kingdom of Denmark)		 Unknown Unknown Unknown
Saint Pierre et Miquelon
(Overseas collectivity of France)		Illegal since March 9, 2004
Penalty: Maximum of 2 years in prison and €30,000 fine[37]		 Unknown Unknown
Mexico
Country, federal district, or state Bestiality Sale and distribution of zoophilic pornography Ownership of zoophilic pornography
Mexico}} MexicoN/AN/AN/A
Aguascalientes}} Aguascalientes Illegal since 2009[25]

Penalty: Unknown

 Unknown Unknown
Baja California}} Baja California Unknown Unknown Unknown
Baja California Sur}} Baja California Sur Unknown Unknown Unknown
Campeche}} Campeche Unknown Unknown Unknown
Chiapas}} Chiapas Unknown Unknown Unknown
Chihuahua}} Chihuahua Unknown Unknown Unknown
Coahuila}} Coahuila Unknown Unknown Unknown
Colima}} Colima Unknown Unknown Unknown
Durango}} Durango Illegal since 2013[26]

Penalty: Unknown

 Unknown Unknown
Guanajuato}} Guanajuato Unknown Unknown Unknown
Guerrero}} Guerrero Unknown Unknown Unknown
Hidalgo}} Hidalgo Unknown Unknown Unknown
Jalisco}} Jalisco Illegal since 2012[27]

Penalty: unknown

 Unknown Unknown
Michoacán}} Michoacán Unknown Unknown Unknown
Morelos}} Morelos Unknown Unknown Unknown
State of Mexico}} Mexico Unknown Unknown Unknown
Mexican Federal District}} Mexico City Illegal[28]

Penalty: Unknown

 Unknown Unknown
Nayarit}} Nayarit Illegal since 2006[29]

Penalty: Unknown

 Unknown Unknown
Nuevo León}} Nuevo León Illegal since 2016[30]

Penalty: Unknown

 Unknown Unknown
Oaxaca}} Oaxaca Illegal since 2015
Penalty: Maximum of one year in prison and a fine of 800 days of salary[31]		 Unknown Unknown
Puebla}} Puebla Unknown Unknown Unknown
Querétaro}} Querétaro Illegal since 2009[32]

Penalty: Unknown

 Unknown Unknown
Quintana Roo}} Quintana Roo Illegal since 2013[33]

Penalty: Unknown

 Unknown Unknown
San Luis Potosí}} San Luis Potosí Unknown Unknown Unknown
Sinaloa}} Sinaloa Unknown Unknown Unknown
Sonora}} Sonora Illegal[34]

Penalty: Unknown

 Unknown Unknown
Tabasco}} Tabasco Unknown Unknown Unknown
Tamaulipas}} Tamaulipas Illegal since 2010[35]

Penalty: Unknown

 Unknown Unknown
Tlaxcala}} Tlaxcala Unknown Unknown Unknown
Veracruz}} Veracruz Illegal since 2010[36]

Penalty: Unknown

 Unknown Unknown
Yucatán}} Yucatán Illegal since 2011[37]

'Penalty: Unknown

 Unknown Unknown
Zacatecas}} Zacatecas Unknown Unknown Unknown
United States
{{Main article|Legality of bestiality in the United States}}

Central America

In the early 2000s, sex with animals was legal in all Central American countries except Belize. From 2011 to 2017, all Central American countries banned it.

Country or territory Bestiality Sale and distribution of zoophilic pornography Ownership of zoophilic pornography
Belize}} Belize Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of ten years' imprisonment[38]		 Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Unknown
France}} Clipperton Island
(Overseas minor territory of France)		Illegal since March 9, 2004
Penalty: Maximum of 2 years in prison and €30,000 fine[37]		 Unknown Unknown
Costa Rica}} Costa RicaIllegal since 2015[39][40]
Penalty: Unknown[72]		 Unknown Unknown
El Salvador}} El Salvador Illegal since 2016[41][42]

Penalty: Unknown

 Unknown Unknown
Guatemala}} Guatemala Illegal since 2017[43][44]

Penalty: Unknown

 Illegal since 2017[43][44]

Penalty: Unknown

 Unknown
Honduras}} Honduras Illegal since 2015[45]

Penalty: Seizure of animals, and 10 minimum salaries to 25 minimum salaries

 Unknown Unknown
Nicaragua}} Nicaragua Illegal since 2011[46]

Penalty: Unknown

 Unknown Unknown
Panama}} Panama Illegal since 2012[47]

Penalty: Unknown

 Unknown Unknown

Caribbean

Country or territory Bestiality Sale and distribution of zoophilic pornography Ownership of zoophilic pornography
Anguilla}} Anguilla
(Overseas territory of the United Kingdom)		 Unknown Unknown Unknown
Antigua and Barbuda}} Antigua and Barbuda Unknown Unknown Unknown
Aruba}} Aruba
(Constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)		 Unknown Unknown Unknown
Bahamas}} Bahamas Unknown Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Unknown
Barbados}} Barbados Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of life imprisonment[38]		 Unknown Unknown
British Virgin Islands}} British Virgin Islands
(Overseas territory of the United Kingdom)		 Unknown Unknown Unknown
Caribbean Netherlands}} Caribbean Netherlands
(Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, Saba; Special municipalities of the Netherlands)		 Unknown Unknown Unknown
Cayman Islands}} Cayman Islands
(Overseas territory of the United Kingdom)		 Unknown Unknown Unknown
Cuba}} Cuba Legal[50] Unknown Unknown
Curaçao}} Curaçao
(Constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)		 Unknown Unknown Unknown
Dominica}} Dominica Unknown Unknown Unknown
Dominican Republic}} Dominican Republic Unknown Unknown Unknown
Grenada}} Grenada Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of ten years' imprisonment[38]		 Unknown Unknown
Guadeloupe}} Guadeloupe
(Overseas department of France)		Illegal since March 9, 2004
Penalty: Maximum of 2 years in prison and €30,000 fine[37]		 Unknown Unknown
USA}} Guantanamo Bay Naval Base
(Extraterritorial jurisdiction of the United States)		 Legal for civilians

Penalty: Maximum of dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement for 5 years.[48][49][50]		 Unknown Unknown
Haiti}} Haiti Unknown Unknown Unknown
Jamaica}} Jamaica Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of ten years' imprisonment and hard labor[38]		 Unknown Unknown
Martinique}} Martinique
(Overseas department of France)		Illegal since March 9, 2004
Penalty: Maximum of 2 years in prison and €30,000 fine[37]		 Unknown Unknown
Montserrat}} Montserrat
(Overseas territory of the United Kingdom)		 Unknown Unknown Unknown
Puerto Rico}} Puerto Rico
(Commonwealth of the United States)		Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of 6 months in prison and a $25,000 fine[51][52]		 Unknown Unknown
Saint Barthélemy
(Overseas collectivity of France)		Illegal since March 9, 2004
Penalty: Maximum of 2 years in prison and €30,000 fine[37]		 Unknown Unknown
Saint Kitts and Nevis}} Saint Kitts and Nevis Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of four years' imprisonment, with or without hard labor for buggery

Maximum of four years' imprisonment for attempted buggery[38]

 Unknown Unknown
Saint Lucia}} Saint LuciaIllegal
Penalty: Unknown[72]		 Unknown Unknown
Saint Martin
(Overseas collectivity of France)		Illegal since March 9, 2004
Penalty: Maximum of 2 years in prison and €30,000 fine[37]		 Unknown Unknown
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}} Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of ten years' imprisonment[38]		 Unknown Unknown
Sint Maarten}} Sint Maarten
(Constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)		 Unknown Unknown Unknown
Trinidad and Tobago}} Trinidad and Tobago Illegal[50]

Penalty: Unknown

 Unknown Unknown
Turks and Caicos Islands}} Turks and Caicos Islands
(Overseas territory of the United Kingdom)		 Unknown Unknown Unknown
United States Virgin Islands}} United States Virgin Islands
(Insular area of the United States)		 Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of five years' imprisonment[53]		 Illegal[53]

Penalty: Unknown

 Illegal[53]

Penalty: Unknown

South America

Country or territory Bestiality Sale and distribution of zoophilic pornography Ownership of zoophilic pornography
Argentina}} Argentina Legal[54] Unknown Unknown
Bolivia}} BoliviaIllegal since July 1, 2015
Penalty: Maximum of 1 year's imprisonment and a fine of 60 days, or lose work benefits of 6 months[55]		 Unknown Unknown
Brazil}} Brazil Legal Legal[56] Legal[50]
Chile}} Chile Legal[57] Unknown Unknown
Colombia}} Colombia Illegal since 2015
Penalty: Maximum of 63 months' imprisonment or a minimum of 21 months' imprisonment, special inability of 1.75 to 5.25 years for the exercise of profession, trade, trade or tenure related to animals, and a maximum fine of 105 minimum wages or a minimum of 8.75 minimum wages[58][59]		 Unknown Unknown
Ecuador}} EcuadorIllegal
Penalty: Maximum of 8 years in prison[60]		 Unknown Unknown
Falkland Islands}} Falkland Islands
(Overseas territory of the United Kingdom)		 Unknown Unknown Unknown
French Guiana}} French Guiana
(Overseas department of France)		Illegal since March 9, 2004
Penalty: Maximum of 2 years in prison and €30,000 fine[37]		 Unknown Unknown
Guyana}} GuyanaIllegal
Penalty: Maximum of life imprisonment[38]		 Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Unknown
Paraguay}} Paraguay Unknown Unknown Unknown
Peru}} Peru Unknown Unknown Unknown
Suriname}} Suriname Unknown Unknown Unknown
Uruguay}} Uruguay Unknown Unknown Unknown
Venezuela}} Venezuela Unknown Unknown Unknown

Asia

Central Asia

Country or territory Bestiality Sale and distribution of zoophilic pornography Ownership of zoophilic pornography
Kazakhstan}} Kazakhstan Unknown Unknown Unknown
Kyrgyzstan}} Kyrgyzstan Unknown Unknown Unknown
Tajikistan}} Tajikistan Unknown Unknown Unknown
Turkmenistan}} Turkmenistan Unknown Unknown Unknown
Uzbekistan}} Uzbekistan Unknown Unknown Unknown

Eurasia

Country or territory Bestiality Sale and distribution of zoophilic pornography Ownership of zoophilic pornography
Akrotiri and Dhekelia}} Akrotiri and Dhekelia
(Overseas territory of the United Kingdom)		 Unknown Unknown Unknown
Armenia}} Armenia Unknown Unknown Unknown
Cyprus}} Cyprus Illegal[17]

Penalty: Unknown

 Unknown Unknown
Georgia (country)}} Georgia Unknown Unknown Unknown
Northern Cyprus}} Northern Cyprus Unknown Unknown Unknown

Western Asia

Country or territory Bestiality Sale and distribution of zoophilic pornography Ownership of zoophilic pornography
Bahrain}} Bahrain Unknown Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Unknown
Iran}} IranIllegal
Penalty: The first three convictions are determined by a judge and the fourth offense is capital punishment[61]		 Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Illegal
Ownership of any kind of pornography illegal
Iraq}} Iraq Unknown Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Illegal
Ownership of any kind of pornography illegal
Israel}} Israel No specific laws against bestiality[62], but prosecuted as animal abuse[63] Unknown Unknown
Jordan}} Jordan Unknown Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Unknown
Kuwait}} Kuwait Unknown Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Illegal
Ownership of any kind of pornography illegal
Lebanon}} LebanonIllegal since March 1, 1943
Penalty: Maximum of one year's imprisonment[38][64]		 Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Unknown
Oman}} Oman Unknown Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Illegal
Ownership of any kind of pornography illegal
Palestine}} Palestine Unknown Unknown Unknown
Qatar}} QatarIllegal
Penalty: Maximum of capital punishment[38]		 Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Illegal
Ownership of any kind of pornography illegal
Saudi Arabia}} Saudi ArabiaIllegal
Penalty: Maximum of capital punishment[38]		 Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Unknown
Syria}} SyriaIllegal since June 22, 1949
Penalty: Maximum of three years' imprisonment[38][65]		 Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Unknown
United Arab Emirates}} United Arab EmiratesIllegal
Penalty: Maximum of capital punishment[38]		 Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Illegal
Ownership of any kind of pornography illegal
Yemen}} Yemen Unknown Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Illegal
Ownership of any kind of pornography illegal

Southern Asia

Country or territory Bestiality Sale and distribution of zoophilic pornography Ownership of zoophilic pornography
Afghanistan}} Afghanistan Unknown Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Unknown
Bangladesh}} BangladeshIllegal since July 25, 1828 (As part of Company rule in India)
Penalty: Maximum of life imprisonment (Unenforced)[38][124]		 Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Illegal
Ownership of any kind of pornography illegal
Bhutan}} BhutanIllegal
Penalty: Maximum of one year imprisonment[38]		 Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Unknown
India}} IndiaIllegal since July 25, 1828 (As part of Company rule in India)
Penalty: Maximum of life imprisonment[38][66]		 Unknown Unknown
Maldives}} MaldivesIllegal
Penalty: Maximum of thirty months' imprisonment[38][67]		 Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Illegal
Ownership of any kind of pornography illegal
Nepal}} Nepal Unknown Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Unknown
Pakistan}} PakistanIllegal since July 25, 1828 (As part of Company rule in India)
Penalty: Maximum of life imprisonment [38][66]		 Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Illegal
Ownership of any kind of pornography illegal
Sri Lanka}} Sri LankaIllegal
Penalty: Maximum of ten years' imprisonment (Unenforced)[38]		 Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Unknown

Eastern Asia

Country or territory Bestiality Sale and distribution of zoophilic pornography Ownership of zoophilic pornography
China}} China Unknown Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Unknown
Hong Kong}} Hong Kong
(Special administrative region of China)		Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of 10 years in prison and $50,000 fine[68]		 Unknown Unknown
Japan}} Japan Legal Legal Legal
Macau}} Macau
(Special administrative region of China)		 Unknown Unknown Unknown
Mongolia}} Mongolia Unknown Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Unknown
North Korea}} North Korea Unknown Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Unknown
South Korea}} South KoreaIllegal

Penalty: Maximum of one year in prison or fines which can total up to ₩ 20 million

 Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Unknown
Taiwan}} Taiwan Unknown Unknown Unknown

Southeast Asia

Country or territory Bestiality Sale and distribution of zoophilic pornography Ownership of zoophilic pornography
Brunei}} BruneiIllegal
Penalty: Maximum of capital punishment[69]		 Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Illegal
Ownership of any kind of pornography illegal
Burma}} MyanmarIllegal
Penalty: Maximum of life imprisonment[38]		 Unknown Unknown
Cambodia}} Cambodia Unknown Unknown Unknown
East Timor}} East Timor Unknown Unknown Unknown
Laos}} Laos Unknown Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Unknown
Malaysia}} MalaysiaIllegal
Penalty: Maximum of twenty years' imprisonment and shall also be liable to whipping[38]		 Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Illegal
Ownership of any kind of pornography illegal
Philippines}} Philippines Unknown[54] Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Unknown
Singapore}} SingaporeIllegal
Penalty: Maximum of two years in prison and fine (Unenforced)[70]		 Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Unknown
Thailand}} ThailandIllegal since 2014
Penalty: Maximum of one year in prison and a fine of up to Bt20,000[71]		 Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Unknown
Vietnam}} Vietnam Unknown Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Unknown
Republic of Indonesia
Country or territory Bestiality Sale and distribution of zoophilic pornography Ownership of zoophilic pornography
Indonesia}} Indonesia Unknown Unknown Unknown
Aceh}} AcehIllegal
Penalty: Maximum of being whipped one hundred times[72]		 Unknown Unknown
Bali}} Bali Unknown Unknown Unknown
Bangka Belitung Islands}} Bangka Belitung Islands Unknown Unknown Unknown
Banten}} Banten Unknown Unknown Unknown
Bengkulu}} Bengkulu Unknown Unknown Unknown
Central Java}} Central Java Unknown Unknown Unknown
Central Kalimantan}} Central Kalimantan Unknown Unknown Unknown
Central Sulawesi}} Central Sulawesi Unknown Unknown Unknown
East Java}} East Java Unknown Unknown Unknown
East Kalimantan}} East Kalimantan Unknown Unknown Unknown
East Nusa Tenggara}} East Nusa Tenggara Unknown Unknown Unknown
Gorontalo}} Gorontalo Unknown Unknown Unknown
Jakarta}} Jakarta Unknown Unknown Unknown
Jambi}} Jambi Unknown Unknown Unknown
Lampung}} Lampung Unknown Unknown Unknown
Maluku}} Maluku Unknown Unknown Unknown
North Kalimantan}} North Kalimantan Unknown Unknown Unknown
North Maluku}} North Maluku Unknown Unknown Unknown
North Sulawesi}} North Sulawesi Unknown Unknown Unknown
North Sumatra}} North Sumatra Unknown Unknown Unknown
Papua}} Papua Unknown Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Illegal
Ownership of any kind of pornography illegal
Riau}} Riau Unknown Unknown Unknown
Riau Islands}} Riau Islands Unknown Unknown Unknown
Southeast Sulawesi}} Southeast Sulawesi Unknown Unknown Unknown
South Kalimantan}} South Kalimantan Unknown Unknown Unknown
South Sulawesi}} South Sulawesi Unknown Unknown Unknown
South Sumatra}} South Sumatra Unknown Unknown Unknown
West Java}} West Java Unknown Unknown Unknown
West Kalimantan}} West Kalimantan Unknown Unknown Unknown
West Nusa Tenggara}} West Nusa Tenggara Unknown Unknown Unknown
West Papua}} West Papua Unknown Unknown Unknown
West Sulawesi}} West Sulawesi Unknown Unknown Unknown
West Sumatra}} West Sumatra Unknown Unknown Unknown
Special Region of Yogyakarta}} Yogyakarta Unknown Unknown Unknown

Europe

Central Europe

Country or territory Bestiality Sale and distribution of zoophilic pornography Ownership of zoophilic pornography
Austria}} Austria Illegal[73]

Penalty: Unknown

 Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of a year's imprisonment and a fine of 360 days' rates[142]		 Legal[142]
Croatia}} Croatia Illegal[73]

Penalty: Unknown

 Unknown Unknown
Czech Republic}} Czech Republic Legal[74] Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of a 1 year's imprisonment, prohibition to undertake an activity, or to confiscation of a thing or another property value[75]		 Legal[76]
Germany}} Germany Illegal since July 13, 2013, if the animal is forced,[77] but

Penalty: Maximum of a €25,000 fine[81][82]		 Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of a fine or 3 years' imprisonment[83][84]		 Legal (as long as it is not owned with intention of publicizing, sharing or selling)[83][84]
Hungary}} Hungary Legal[73][85] Illegal[50]

Penalty: Unknown

 Legal[50]
Liechtenstein}} Liechtenstein Unknown Unknown Unknown
Poland}} Poland Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of 3 years in prison, donation to animal welfare charity and prohibition of owning an animal for up to 10 years (if done in order to distribute or sell the penalty is increased to a minimum of 6 months and maximum of 8 years in prison)[73][86]		 Illegal
Penalty: Maximum 5 years' to a minimum of 3 months' imprisonment[87]		 Legal (if not possessed with intent to sell or distribute)
Romania}} Romania Legal[73] Unknown; Law only mentions a ban on "sites with […] zoophilic content", which are to be blocked by ISPs at the request of the National Authority for Management and Regulation in Communications[88]Legal[88]
Slovakia}} Slovakia Illegal[73]

Penalty: Unknown

 Unknown Unknown
Slovenia}} Slovenia Illegal[73]

Penalty: Unknown

 Unknown Unknown
Switzerland}} Switzerland Illegal
Penalty: Imprisonment (In the case of repeated or serious infringements, authorities may prohibit the keeping or breeding of animals for trade or professional occupation)[89][90]		 Illegal[91]

Penalty: A fine or a Maximum of 3 years imprisonment

 Illegal[92]

Penalty: A fine or a Maximum of 1 year imprisonment

Eastern Europe

Country or territory Bestiality Sale and distribution of zoophilic pornography Ownership of zoophilic pornography
Abkhazia}} Abkhazia Unknown Unknown Unknown
Armenia}} Armenia Unknown Unknown Unknown
Azerbaijan}} Azerbaijan Unknown Unknown Unknown
Belarus}} Belarus Unknown Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Unknown
Georgia (country)}} Georgia Illegal[92]

Penalty: Unknown

 Illegal[92]

Penalty: Unknown

 Illegal[92]

Penalty: Unknown

Kazakhstan}} Kazakhstan Unknown Unknown Unknown
Moldova}} Moldova Unknown Unknown Unknown
Artsakh}} Artsakh Unknown Unknown Unknown
Russia}} Russia Legal, unless animal is hurt (no explicit law)[93]date=February 2019}}

Penalty: Unknown

 Unknown
South Ossetia}} South Ossetia Unknown Unknown Unknown
Transnistria}} Transnistria[94] Unknown Unknown Unknown
Ukraine}} Ukraine Unknown Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Unknown

Northern Europe

Country or territory Bestiality Sale and distribution of zoophilic pornography Ownership of zoophilic pornography
Denmark}} DenmarkIllegal since July 1, 2015
Penalty: Fine or a maximum of 4 months in prison[95][96]		Legal[92] Unknown
Estonia}} Estonia Illegal[73]

Penalty: Unknown

 Unknown Unknown
Faroe Islands}} Faroe Islands
(Constituent country of the Kingdom of Denmark)		 Unknown Unknown Unknown
Finland}} Finland Legal since January 15, 1971[183][97] Illegal[92]

Penalty: Unknown

 Illegal[54]

Penalty: Unknown

Iceland}} Iceland Legal since August 12, 1940
(As part of Denmark)[98]		 Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Unknown
Latvia}} Latvia Illegal[73]

Penalty: Unknown

 Unknown Unknown
Lithuania}} Lithuania Illegal[73]

Penalty: Unknown

 Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Unknown
Norway}} Norway Illegal since 2008[99]
Penalty: Fine and/or maximum of 3 years in prison.[100]		 Illegal[92]

Penalty: Unknown

 Illegal[92]

Penalty: Unknown

Sweden}} SwedenIllegal since 2014
Penalty: Fine, maximum of 2 years' imprisonment, or both[101]

Southern Europe

Country or territory Bestiality Sale and distribution of zoophilic pornography Ownership of zoophilic pornography
Albania}} Albania Unknown Unknown Unknown
Andorra}} Andorra Unknown Unknown Unknown
Bosnia and Herzegovina}} Bosnia and Herzegovina Unknown Unknown Unknown
Bulgaria}} Bulgaria Illegal[73]

Penalty: Unknown

 Illegal
Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal		 Unknown
Gibraltar}} Gibraltar
(Overseas territory of the United Kingdom)		 Unknown Unknown Unknown
Greece}} Greece Illegal[73]

Penalty: Unknown

 Unknown Unknown
Italy}} Italy No specific laws against bestiality, but in 2012 the Supreme Court of Cassation sentenced a man to six months in jail for forcing his dogs to have sex with women.[73][54]

Penalty: Unknown

Legal[142]Legal[142]
Macedonia}} Macedonia Unknown Unknown Unknown
Malta}} Malta Illegal[73]

Penalty: Unknown

 Unknown Unknown
Montenegro}} Montenegro Unknown Unknown Unknown
Portugal}} Portugal Illegal[73]

Penalty: Unknown

 Unknown Unknown
San Marino}} San Marino Unknown Unknown Unknown
Serbia}} Serbia Unknown Unknown Unknown
Spain}} Spain Illegal since March 30, 2015
Penalty: Minimum of three months and one day to a maximum of one year of imprisonment and a year's disqualification and a day to three years for the exercise of profession, trade or business that is related to animals and animal husbandry[102][73][103]		Legal[104]Legal[104]
Turkey}} Turkey Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of 2 years' imprisonment[105][92]		 Illegal
Penalty: Minimum of one year's imprisonment and a maximum of four years' imprisonment[54]		 Illegal
Penalty: Minimum of one year's imprisonment and a maximum of four years' imprisonment[54]
Vatican City}} Vatican City Unknown Unknown Unknown

Western Europe

Country or territory Bestiality Sale and distribution of zoophilic pornography Ownership of zoophilic pornography
Belgium|state}} BelgiumIllegal since 2007
Penalty: Maximum of 6 months in prison and a fine of €1,000[106]		 Illegal[92]

Penalty: Unknown

 Illegal[54]

Penalty: Unknown

France}} FranceIllegal since March 9, 2004
Penalty: Maximum of 2 years in prison and €30,000 fine[107]		 Unknown Unknown
Guernsey}} Guernsey
(Crown dependency of the United Kingdom)		 Unknown Unknown Unknown
Ireland}} IrelandIllegal since 1634{{#tag:ref|[https://books.google.ie/books?id=ymlBAAAAYAAJ&vq=buggery&pg=PA233 Act for the Punishment of the Vice of Buggery (Ireland) 1634] (10 Chas. 1, sess. 2, c. 20) replaced by

[https://books.google.ie/books?id=VpZFAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA771 section 18] of the Offences against the Person (Ireland) Act 1829 (10 Geo. 4, c. 34) replaced by

section 61 of the Offences against the Person Act 1861 (24 & 25 Vict., c. 100). In the Republic of Ireland the 1861 act is still in force {{as of|2017|07|05|lc=y}} with respect to animals.[108] In Northern Ireland it was replaced by section 69 of the Sexual Offences Act 2003, in turn replaced by Article 73 of The Sexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 2008

name="irishlaws"}
Penalty: Maximum of life in prison[109][110]		 Unknown Unknown
Isle of Man}} Isle of Man
(Crown dependency of the United Kingdom)		 Unknown Unknown Unknown
Jersey}} Jersey
(Crown dependency of the United Kingdom)		 Unknown Unknown Unknown
Luxembourg}} Luxembourg Illegal[73]

Penalty: Unknown

 Unknown Unknown
Monaco}} Monaco Unknown Unknown Unknown
Netherlands}} NetherlandsIllegal since 2010
Penalty: Maximum of 1 year in prison and €19,500 fine[111]		Illegal since 2010
Penalty: Maximum 6 months' imprisonment or a fine of €7,800[112]		Illegal since 2010
Penalty: Maximum 6 months' imprisonment or a fine of €7,800[112]
United Kingdom}} United KingdomIllegal since 1558
(As part of Kingdom of England for England and Wales only)
 Illegal since 1634
(As part of Kingdom of Ireland for Northern Ireland only)
 Illegal
(As part of United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland for Scotland only)

Penalty: Maximum of 2 years in prison for conviction on indictment
Maximum of 6 months in prison and a fine for summary conviction[113][114]		Illegal since January 26, 2009
Penalty: Maximum of 12 months' imprisonment in England or 6 months' imprisonment in Northern Ireland, a fine, or both on summary conviction
Maximum of 2 years' imprisonment, a fine, or both on conviction on indictment[115]		Illegal since January 26, 2009
Penalty: Maximum of 12 months' imprisonment in England or 6 months' imprisonment in Northern Ireland, a fine, or both on summary conviction
Maximum of 2 years' imprisonment, a fine, or both on conviction on indictment[115]

Oceania

Australasia

Country or territory Bestiality Sale and distribution of zoophilic pornography Ownership of zoophilic pornography
New Zealand}} New ZealandIllegal
Penalty: Maximum of 7 years in prison ("bestiality")
Maximum of 3 years in prison ("indecency with animal")[116][117]		Illegal[92]

Penalty: Unknown

Illegal[92]

Penalty: Unknown

Commonwealth of Australia
Country, state, or territory Bestiality Sale and distribution of zoophilic pornography Ownership of zoophilic pornography
Australia}} AustraliaN/AIllegal[118]

Penalty: Unknown

N/A
Australia}} Ashmore and Cartier Islands Unknown Unknown Unknown
Australia}} Australian Antarctic Territory Unknown Unknown Unknown
Australian Capital Territory}} Australian Capital TerritoryIllegal since 2011
Penalty: Maximum ten years' imprisonment[233]		 Unknown Unknown
Christmas Island}} Christmas Island Unknown Unknown Unknown
Cocos (Keeling) Islands}} Cocos (Keeling) Islands Unknown Unknown Unknown
Australia}} Coral Sea Islands Unknown Unknown Unknown
Australia}} Heard Island and McDonald Islands Unknown Unknown Unknown
Australia}} Jervis Bay Territory Unknown Unknown Unknown
New South Wales}} New South WalesIllegal
Penalty: Maximum fourteen years' imprisonment[119]		 Unknown Unknown
Norfolk Island}} Norfolk Island Unknown Unknown Unknown
Northern Territory}} Northern TerritoryIllegal
Penalty: Maximum three years' imprisonment[119]		 Unknown Unknown
Queensland}} QueenslandIllegal
Penalty: Maximum seven years' imprisonment[119]		 Unknown Unknown
South Australia}} South AustraliaIllegal
Penalty: Maximum ten years' imprisonment[119]		 Unknown Unknown
Tasmania}} TasmaniaIllegal
Penalty: Maximum 21 years' imprisonment[119]		 Unknown Unknown
Victoria}} VictoriaIllegal
Penalty: Maximum five years' imprisonment[119]		 Unknown Unknown
Western Australia}} Western AustraliaIllegal
Penalty: Maximum seven years' imprisonment[119]		 Unknown Unknown

Melanesia

Country or territory Bestiality Sale and distribution of zoophilic pornography Ownership of zoophilic pornography
Fiji}} FijiIllegal
Penalty: Maximum of fourteen years in prison with corporal punishment[120]		 Unknown Unknown
New Caledonia}} New Caledonia
(Overseas collectivity of France)		Illegal since March 9, 2004
Penalty: Maximum of 2 years in prison and €30,000 fine[107]		 Unknown Unknown
Papua New Guinea}} Papua New Guinea Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of fourteen years in prison[38]		 Unknown Unknown
Solomon Islands}} Solomon Islands Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of fourteen years in prison[38]		 Unknown Unknown
Vanuatu}} Vanuatu Unknown Unknown Unknown

Micronesia

Country or territory Bestiality Sale and distribution of zoophilic pornography Ownership of zoophilic pornography
Guam}} Guam
(Unincorporated territory of the United States)		Legal Unknown Unknown
Federated States of Micronesia}} Federated States of Micronesia Unknown Unknown Unknown
Kiribati}} Kiribati Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of fourteen years in prison[38]		 Unknown Unknown
Marshall Islands}} Marshall Islands Unknown Unknown Unknown
Nauru}} Nauru Unknown Unknown Unknown
Northern Mariana Islands}} Northern Mariana Islands
(Unincorporated territory of the United States)		Legal Unknown Unknown
Palau}} Palau Unknown Unknown Unknown

Polynesia

Country or territory Bestiality Sale and distribution of zoophilic pornography Ownership of zoophilic pornography
American Samoa}} American Samoa
(Unincorporated territory of the United States)		Legal Unknown Unknown
Easter Island}} Easter Island
(Overseas territory of Chile)		Legal[57] Unknown Unknown
Cook Islands}} Cook Islands
(Part of the Realm of New Zealand)		 Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of seven years in prison[38]		 Unknown Unknown
French Polynesia}} French Polynesia
(Overseas collectivity of France)		Illegal since March 9, 2004
Penalty: Maximum of 2 years in prison and €30,000 fine[107]		 Unknown Unknown
Niue}} Niue
(Part of the Realm of New Zealand)		 Unknown Unknown Unknown
Pitcairn Islands}} Pitcairn Islands
(Overseas territory of the United Kingdom)		 Unknown Unknown Unknown
Samoa}} Samoa Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of five years in prison[38]		 Unknown Unknown
Tokelau}} Tokelau
(Part of the Realm of New Zealand)		 Unknown Unknown Unknown
Tonga}} Tonga Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of ten years in prison[38]		 Unknown Unknown
Tuvalu}} Tuvalu Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of fourteen years in prison[38]		 Unknown Unknown
United States}} United States Minor Outlying Islands
(Unincorporated organized territory of the United States)		Legal Unknown Unknown
Wallis and Futuna|local}} Wallis and Futuna
(Overseas collectivity of France)		Illegal since March 9, 2004
Penalty: Maximum of 2 years in prison and €30,000 fine[107]		 Unknown Unknown

History

{{Main|History of zoophilia}}

Mentions in the press

{{Unreliable sources|section|date=April 2015}}{{Tone|section|date=March 2014}}
  • "Freddie the Dolphin" (1991, UK) - man accused of masturbating a well known tame dolphin at sea. Charged with a "lewd act". Acquitted. Expert witnesses testified male dolphins use their erections not just sexually, but socially as well, and no sexual inference could be drawn. Judge summing up said of the £30,000 trial cost, "this has been the most expensive lesson in dolphin sociology that he has ever heard of".[121]{{Unreliable source?|date=April 2015}}
  • Kenneth Pinyan (2005, USA) - man died following anal penetration by a stallion, which was filmed by his friend. The death led to rapid introduction of laws in Washington state against sex with animals.[122]{{Failed verification|date=April 2015|reason=Site does not mention incidents, only lists laws.}}
  • Cambodia (2005) - man caught having a "passionate embrace" in bed with dog, by wife, confessed he loved the dog more and they separated. Cambodian police commented: "As police, we could only solve the problem of his wife then wanting a divorce. We cannot solve the problem of his relationship with his dog, because under Cambodian law it is not strictly illegal... It is amazing, but this husband is not crazy. It seems he is a passionate human being who looked at a dog, and the more he looked, the more passionate he became."[123]{{Unreliable source?|date=April 2015}}
  • Wisconsin, USA (2007) - Bryan James Hathaway was convicted for having sex with a dead deer. The court case raised some interesting legal issues because the statute prohibits sex with animals, but not carcasses. The defence raised the issue that if a dead animal was an animal, at what point would it cease to be an animal. He was sentenced to 6 months probation and labeled as a sex offender.[124]
  • Kansas, USA (2012) - Joshua Coman was convicted in Kansas of criminal sodomy (a misdemeanor), but the Kansas Supreme Court ruled that he did not have to register as a sex offender.[125][126]
  • Vancouver, Canada (2012) - Brian Cutteridge, bestiality proponent, was arrested after the SPCA claims to have a video of him engaging in sex with one of his dogs.[127]
  • Arizona, USA (2012) - Sarah Dae Walker and her husband pleaded guilty to conspiracy to commit bestiality in a case where Craigslist was used.[128]

See also

  • Animal trial
  • Human–animal marriage
  • Legal status of internet pornography
  • Sexual norm
  • Social norm
  • Sodomy law
  • Sudanese goat marriage incident
  • Zoophilia

Notes

1. ^[https://www.indy100.com/article/denmark-has-somehow-only-just-outlawed-bestiality--g1fzm0dkxb Denmark has somehow only just outlawed bestiality]
2. ^UKIP voters most supportive of bestiality
3. ^[https://www.thelocal.dk/20150225/denmarks-bestiality-ban-moves-forward Denmark's bestiality ban moves forward]
4. ^[https://www.thelocal.dk/20150421/denmark-officially-bans-bestiality Denmark officially bans bestiality ]
5. ^Denmark outlaws bestiality in narrow vote
6. ^Det Dyreetiske Råd: Udtalelse om menneskers seksuelle omgang med dyr, The Animal Ethics Council: Statement on the sexual relations of humans with animals
7. ^Regan, Tom. Animal Rights, Human Wrongs. Rowman & Littlefield, 2003, pp. 63–4, 89.
8. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2003/42/section/69 |title=Sexual Offences Act 2003, Section 69 |work=HM Government |year=2003 |accessdate=13 July 2014}}
9. ^The argument that "all sexual activity with animals is automatically abuse" was made for example, in 1) the 2004 case of State vs. Mitchell (Florida), 2) the 2004 Pony case in Utrecht, Holland (cited below), and 3) the 2006 Washington state law which asserts as its foundational premise that "animal cruelty in the first degree is committed when a person knowingly engages in sexual conduct or sexual contact with an animal." SB-6417 2006
10. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.10tv.com/content/stories/2011/06/16/story-shelby-man-charged-with-animal-abuse-sex.html |title=Man Charged With Sexually Abusing Animals |work=WBNS-10TV |date=June 16, 2011 |accessdate=July 13, 2014}}
11. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.thestranger.com/seattle/Content?oid=30811|accessdate=2006-04-30|title=The Animal In You|publisher=The Stranger|date=February–March 2006}}
12. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.guidehorse.org/news_guide_dog_abuse.htm |title=Man charged with having intercourse with his Guide Dog |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080521055021/http://www.guidehorse.org/news_guide_dog_abuse.htm |archivedate=2008-05-21}}
13. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2011/0344/BillText/er/PDF |title=Section 828.126, Florida Statutes |work=The Florida Senate |year=2011 |accessdate=July 13, 2014}}
14. ^{{cite book | first=Anil | last=Aggrawal | title=Forensic and Medico-legal Aspects of Sexual Crimes and Unusual Sexual Practices | publisher=CRC Press | location=Boca Raton | year=2009 | isbn=978-1-4200-4308-2 |url=http://crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781420043082}}
15. ^[https://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/cm/cm014en.pdf Penal Code of Cameroon]
16. ^[https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=fr&u=http://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php/Code_P%25C3%25A9nal_du_Burundi_(Burundi_Penal_Code)&prev=search Code of Burundi ]
17. ^[https://www.unodc.org/res/cld/document/rwa/1999/penal-code-of-rwanda_html/Penal_Code_of_Rwanda.pdf Penal Code of Rwanda]
18. ^[https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/55a51ccc4.pdf Criminal Code of Eritrea]
19. ^Criminal Code of Ethiopia 2004 - Article 633.- Sexual Intercourse with an Animal.
20. ^[https://lesotholii.org/ls/legislation/num-act/6 Penal Code of Lesotho]
21. ^Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amendment Act 32 of 2007, s. 13.
22. ^Films and Publications Act 65 of 1996 s. 24A(2) read with s. 18(3)(b)(ii).
23. ^{{cite web |url= https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/bestiality-legal-canada-supreme-court-a7073196.html|title=Most bestiality is legal, declares Canada's Supreme Court |work=The Independent |year=2016 |accessdate=June 9, 2016}}
24. ^{{cite web |url=http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-46/section-160-20120809.html |title=Criminal Code, Section 160 |work=Canadian Dept. of Justice |year=2012 |accessdate=July 13, 2014}}
25. ^http://www.aguascalientes.gob.mx/gobierno/leyes/leyes_PDF/11082011_102428.pdf Ley De Proteccion A Los Animales Para El Estado De Aguascalientes. Accessed January 24, 2017.
26. ^http://congresodurango.gob.mx/Archivos/legislacion/LEY%20DE%20PROTECCION%20Y%20BIENESTAR%20ANIMAL.pdf
27. ^http://www.informador.com.mx/jalisco/2012/400747/6/aprueban-ley-de-proteccion-animal.htm Aprueban Ley de Protección Animal. Informador.com.mx. Accessed January 12, 2017.
28. ^[https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=es&u=http://docs.mexico.justia.com.s3.amazonaws.com/estatales/distrito-federal/ley-de-proteccion-a-los-animales-del-distrito-federal.pdf&prev=search ANIMAL PROTECTION LAW FEDERAL DISTRICT]
29. ^http://docs.mexico.justia.com.s3.amazonaws.com/estatales/nayarit/ley-de-proteccion-a-la-fauna-para-el-estado-de-nayarit.pdf Ley De Proteccion A La Fauna Para El Estado De Nayarit. Docs.mexico.justia.com.s3.amazonaws.com. Accessed January 12, 2017.
30. ^http://www.hcnl.gob.mx/trabajo_legislativo/leyes/pdf/LEY%20DE%20PROTECCION%20Y%20BIENESTAR%20ANIMAL%20PARA%20LA%20SUSTENTABILIDAD%20DEL%20ESTADO%20DE%20NL.pdf
31. ^[https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=es&u=http://www.viveoaxaca.org/2015/09/LeydeProtecionAnimalOaxaca.html&prev=search Animal Protection Act Oaxaca]
32. ^http://www.venfido.com.mx/ley-de-proteccion-animal.php?estado=queretaro Ley De Proteccion Animal Del Estado De Queretaro. Venfido.com.mx. Accessed January 12, 2017.
33. ^[https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=es&u=http://www.tsjqroo.gob.mx/index.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D2812:ley-de-proteccion-y-bienestar-animal-del-estado-de-quintana-roo%26catid%3D160:leyes%26Itemid%3D867&prev=search PROTECTION LAW AND ANIMAL WELFARE STATE OF QUINTANA ROO.]
34. ^http://es.slideshare.net/VernonPRA/ley-de-proteccin-a-los-animales-para-el-estado-de-sonora
35. ^http://poarchivo.tamaulipas.gob.mx/leyes/Leyes_Estado/Ley_Proteccion_Animales.pdf
36. ^[https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=es&u=http://www.ordenjuridico.gob.mx/Documentos/Estatal/Veracruz/wo56505.pdf&prev=search Page 1 ANIMAL PROTECTION ACT FOR THE STATE OF VERACRUZ DE IGNACIO DE THE KEY]
37. ^http://www.seduma.yucatan.gob.mx/archivos/legislacion-fija/Ley_Fauna_Estado_Yucatan.pdf
38. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 {{cite web|title=State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition|url=http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf|work=International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association|accessdate=19 May 2016|date=17 May 2016}}
39. ^http://www.facebook.com/notes/zona-viva-costa-rica/proyecto-de-ley-18298-contra-el-maltrato-animal-texto-sustitutivo/779282238883413?_fb_noscript=1
40. ^http://www.elpais.cr/2016/03/09/diputados-aclaran-alcances-y-limites-de-la-nueva-ley-de-bienestar-animal/
41. ^http://arena.org.sv/imagenes/LEY_PROTECCION_Y_PROMOCION_BIENESTAR_ANIMAL.pdf
42. ^http://www.hsi.org/world/latin_america/news/releases/2016/04/el-salvador-animal-welfare-legislation-040716.html
43. ^1 https://gt.transdoc.com/articulos/archivos-leyes/Ley-de-Proteccin-y-Bienestar-Animal/62680 Ley de Proteccion y Bienestar Animales
44. ^1 https://gt.transdoc.com/assets/images/users/yc/LEY%20PROTECCION%20ANIMAL/DECRETO5-2017-16.jpg
45. ^http://www.poderjudicial.gob.hn/CEDIJ/Leyes/Documents/Ley%20de%20Proteccion%20y%20Bienestar%20Animal.pdf
46. ^http://legislacion.asamblea.gob.ni/normaweb.nsf/b92aaea87dac762406257265005d21f7/cf820e2a63b1b690062578b00074ec1b Ley para la Protección y el Bienestar de los Animales Domésticos y Animales Silvestres Domesticados. Accessed December 17, 2016.
47. ^http://aaanpanama.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/LEY-70.pdf
48. ^Executive Order 13740
49. ^[https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/925 10 U.S. Code § 925 - Art 125. Forcible sodomy; bestiality]
50. ^{{cite web|url=http://ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/ref/AW/index.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081004163647/http://ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/ref/AW/index.html |archivedate=2008-10-04 |title=The Articles of War |publisher=Web.archive.org |date= |accessdate=June 29, 2014}}
51. ^Article 145.- Bestiality. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016033001/http://www.oslpr.org/english/PDF/penal%20code.pdf |date=16 October 2012 }}
52. ^Puerto Rico
53. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/vicode/|title=LexisNexis® Custom Solution: Virgin Islands Code Unannotated Research Tool|publisher=|accessdate=14 January 2015}}
54. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 [https://www.dropbox.com/sh/r48v2idpqmvmm9j/AAD7B0QFLiVBfztJfKvrTw8Ia/International%20ASA%20Law-May%202016.pdf?dl=0 Legality of bestiality as of May 2016 ]
55. ^http://www.derechoteca.com/gacetabolivia/ley-no-700-del-01-de-junio-de-2015/
56. ^http://congressoemfoco.uol.com.br/noticias/ccj-da-camara-proibe-animais-em-filmes-porno/
57. ^1 Criminal Codification and General Principles of Criminal Law in Argentina, Mexico, Chile, and the United States: A Comparative Study
58. ^http://www.defensacali.org/nueva-ley-de-proteccion-animal-en-colombia/
59. ^https://www.elheraldo.co/politica/el-abc-de-la-ley-contra-el-maltrato-los-animales-en-colombia-232332
60. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=195753|title=Ecuador|publisher=|accessdate=14 January 2015}}
61. ^e. Vaty-e heyvanat va Mayet-e-insan (bestiality and necrophilia), four offenses
62. ^[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236177679_Love_Has_NO_Boundaries_Researching_a_Sexual_Taboo Love Has (NO) Boundaries: Researching a Sexual Taboo]
63. ^https://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Israeli-man-45-arrested-for-acts-of-bestiality-with-dog-403210
64. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20160516064414/http://equaldex.com/region/lebanon LGBT Rights in Lebanon]
65. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20160510145955/http://www.equaldex.com/region/syria LGBT Rights in Syria]
66. ^1 2 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
67. ^[https://www.law.upenn.edu/live/files/4203-maldives-penal-code-2014 Maldives code]
68. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.legislation.gov.hk/blis_ind.nsf/da97f6a8ed400207482564820006b580/1659b5492cc3f751c8256483003225bd?OpenDocument|title=Cap 200 s 118L Bestiality (CRIMES ORDINANCE)|publisher=|accessdate=14 January 2015}}
69. ^Syariah Penal Code Order, 2013
70. ^{{cite web|url=http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/aol/search/display/view.w3p;query=Status%3Acurinforce%20Type%3Aact,sl%20Content%3A%22Sexual%22%20Content%3A%22penetration%22%20Content%3A%22with%22%20Content%3A%22living%22%20Content%3A%22animal%22;rec=0;resUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fstatutes.agc.gov.sg%2Faol%2Fsearch%2Fsummary%2Fresults.w3p%3Bquery%3DStatus%253Acurinforce%2520Type%253Aact,sl%2520Content%253A%2522Sexual%2522%2520Content%253A%2522penetration%2522%2520Content%253A%2522with%2522%2520Content%253A%2522living%2522%2520Content%253A%2522animal%2522|title=Singapore Statutes Online - 224 - Penal Code|publisher=|accessdate=14 January 2015}}
71. ^http://www.thailawforum.com/blog/what-are-the-laws-in-thailand-regarding-sex-with-animals
72. ^[https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=id&u=http://www1-media.acehprov.go.id/uploads/Qanun_Aceh_Nomor_6_Tahun_2014_tentang_Hukum_Jinayat.pdf&prev=search QANUN ACEH NUMBER 6 2014 ]
73. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Denmark passes law to ban bestiality
74. ^https://www.novinky.cz/zena/vztahy-a-sex/186472-radim-uzel-zoofilie-je-velmi-vzacna-ale-zajima-spoustu-lidi.html
75. ^§ 191 of Czech criminal code (Act no. 40/2009 Coll.)
76. ^Zákon č. 40/2009 Sb., Trestní zákoník
77. ^[https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/tierschg/BJNR012770972.html]
78. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bverfg.de/e/rk20151208_1bvr186414.html|title=Beschluss der 3. Kammer des Ersten Senats vom 08. Dezember 2015 - 1 BvR 1864/14|publisher=Bundesverfassungsgericht|accessdate=21 February 2019}}
79. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.lto.de/recht/nachrichten/n/bverfg-1-bvr-1864-14-tierschutz-sexuelle-selbstbestimmung-sex-mit-tieren-verboten/|title=Verfassungsbeschwerde von Sodomiten erfolglos|publisher=Legal Tribune Online|quote=Der Tatbestand greife jedoch nur, wenn das Tier zu einem artwidrigen Verhalten gezwungen wird.|date=18 February 2016|accessdate=21 February 2019}}
80. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.juraforum.de/recht-gesetz/sex-mit-tieren-nur-bei-zwang-verboten-546200|title=Sex mit Tieren nur bei Zwang verboten|date=18 February 2016|accessdate=21 February 2019}}
81. ^[https://dejure.org/gesetze/TierSchG/3.html Zweiter Abschnitt - Tierhaltung (§§ 2 - 3) ]
82. ^[https://www.zeta-verein.de/en/zoophilia/legal-situation-in-germany/ Legal situation in Germany]
83. ^1 Sodomy constitutional judges confirm banning sex with animals
84. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://dejure.org/gesetze/StGB/184a.html|title=184a StGB Verbreitung gewalt- oder tierpornographischer Schriften - dejure.org|work=dejure.org|accessdate=14 January 2015}}
85. ^{{cite web|url=http://net.jogtar.hu/jr/gen/hjegy_doc.cgi?docid=A1200100.TV|title=2012. évi C. törvény a Büntető Törvénykönyvről|accessdate=21 May 2016}}
86. ^{{cite web|url=http://isap.sejm.gov.pl/DetailsServlet?id=WDU20112301373 |title=Internetowy System Aktów Prawnych |publisher=Isap.sejm.gov.pl |date= |accessdate=2013-10-13}}
87. ^[https://www.imolin.org/doc/amlid/Poland_Penal_Code1.pdf Polish Penal Code]
88. ^1 {{cite web | url=http://www.legi-internet.ro/legislatie-itc/pornografie/legea-1962003-privind-combaterea-pornografiei-republicata.html | title=Legea nr. 196 din 13 mai 2003 privind prevenirea si combaterea pornografiei | accessdate=23 May 2015}}
89. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.admin.ch/ch/d/sr/455_1/a16.html|title=SR 455.1 Tierschutzverordnung vom 23. April 2008 (TSchV)|author=Bundeskanzlei - A|publisher=|accessdate=14 January 2015}}
90. ^[https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=de&u=https://www.zeta-verein.de/wp-content/uploads/Rechtslage-Zoophilie-Schweiz.pdf&prev=search TSchG]
91. ^See FJ 2000 p. 2981.
92. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 [https://www.zeta-verein.de/en/zoophilia/worldmap-zoophilia/ Worldmap Zoophilia]
93. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.zakonrf.info/uk/245/|title=Статья 245 УК РФ. Жестокое обращение с животными|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=12 February 2019}} There's no wording on bestiality, the law prohibits hurting or inflicting suffering on animals.
94. ^{{Transnistria-note}}
95. ^{{Cite web|title = Flertal for lovændring: Nu bliver sex med dyr ulovligt|url = http://politik.tv2.dk/2015-04-21-flertal-for-lovaendring-nu-bliver-sex-med-dyr-ulovligt|accessdate = 2015-04-21}}
96. ^{{Cite web|title = Lov om ændring af dyreværnsloven og lov om dyrlæger (Forbud mod seksuel omgang eller seksuelle handlinger med dyr, forbud mod salg af hunde på markeder, avl af familie- og hobbydyr, ændret rådsstruktur m.v.)|url = https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=169821|accessdate = 2016-10-07}}
97. ^{{cite web|url=http://yliopistolehti.helsinki.fi/yl14art.htm#a6 |title=Järjettömäin luondocappalden canssa |first=Pekka |last=Kilpinen |work=University of Helsinki |year=2001 |accessdate=13 July 2014 |language=fi |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070320104934/http://yliopistolehti.helsinki.fi/yl14art.htm |archivedate=20 March 2007 |df= }}
98. ^1 {{cite book |last=Rydström |first=Jens |date=May 31, 2007 |title=Criminally Queer: Homosexuality and Criminal Law in Scandinavia 1842-1999 |accessdate=September 9, 2014 }}
99. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.regjeringen.no/en/archive/Stoltenbergs-2nd-Government/Ministry-of-Agriculture-and-Food/Nyheter-og-pressemeldinger/nyheter/2009/new-animal-welfare-act-.html?id=562543 |title=New Animal Welfare Act |work=regjeringen.no |date=15 May 2009 |accessdate=13 July 2014}}
100. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.regjeringen.no/en/dokumenter/animal-welfare-act/id571188/|title=Animal Welfare Act: Section 37 - Punishment|last=|first=|date=2009-07-10|website=Government.no|publisher=|language=en-GB|access-date=2017-01-28}}
101. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.webpronews.com/sweden-joins-an-increasing-number-of-european-countries-that-ban-bestiality-2013-06|title=Sweden Joins An Increasing Number Of European Countries That Ban Bestiality|work=WebProNews|accessdate=14 January 2015}}
102. ^Spain bans bestiality but not animal fights
103. ^1 2 3 [https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=es&u=https://www.boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php%3Fid%3DBOE-A-2015-3439&prev=search Organic Law 1/2015 of 30 March, amending the Organic Law 10/1995, of 23 November, of the Criminal Code.]
104. ^1 2 3 4 5 Sexuality with Animals (Zoophilia) – an Unrecognized Problem in Animal Welfare Legislation
105. ^Turkey Regulating Pet Ownership: Want a Dog? Take a Course
106. ^{{cite journal |journal=Moniteur Belge / Belgisch Staatsblad |title=Lois, Decrets, Ordonnances Et Reglements / Wetten, Decreten, Ordonnanties En Verordeningen |pages=38259–38260 |date=13 July 2007|language=fr}}/{{nl icon}}
107. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 French Penal Code Article 521-1
108. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/isbc/bps1861.html|title=British Public Statutes Affected: 1861|date=5 July 2017|work=Irish Statute Book|pages=Offences against the Person Act, 1861 |nopp=Y|accessdate=17 July 2017}}
109. ^Criminal Law (Sexual Offences) Act, 1993
110. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eTrDgPmgh7MC&pg=PA757&lpg=PA757&dq=Ireland+30.61+sodomy+and+bestiality&source=bl&ots=dlcKghaxUc&sig=XoLmu8jnRCzqY4FpoME67qIwXAU&hl=en&sa=X&ei=UkRyUfvxIrix4APJlIGADg&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Ireland%2030.61%20sodomy%20and%20bestiality&f=false|title=Criminal Law in Ireland|publisher=|accessdate=14 January 2015}}
111. ^{{cite web|url=http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0001854/TweedeBoek/TitelXIV/Artikel254/geldigheidsdatum_24-12-2012|title=wetten.nl - Wet- en regelgeving - Wetboek van Strafrecht - BWBR0001854|publisher=|accessdate=14 January 2015}}
112. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0001854/TweedeBoek/TitelXIV/Artikel254a/geldigheidsdatum_24-12-2012 |title=wetten.nl - Wet- en regelgeving - Wetboek van Strafrecht - BWBR0001854 |language=nl |publisher=Wetten.overheid.nl |date=2012-12-24 |accessdate=2013-10-13}}
113. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2003/42/section/69 |title=Sexual Offences Act 2003, Section 69 |work=HM Government |year=2003 |accessdate=13 July 2014}}
114. ^{{cite book |author=Fone, Byrne R. S. |title=Homophobia: a history |publisher=Metropolitan Books |location=New York |year=2000 |isbn=0-8050-4559-7}}
115. ^1 Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008
116. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1961/0043/latest/DLM329260.html|title=Crimes Act 1961|publisher=|accessdate=14 January 2015}}
117. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1961/0043/latest/DLM329261.html|title=Crimes Act 1961|publisher=|accessdate=14 January 2015}}
118. ^{{cite web|url=http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;query=Id%3A%22library%2Fprspub%2FG1610%22|title=Legislation relating to pornography in Australia|publisher=|accessdate=27 June 2015}}
119. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Ref: Halsbury's Laws of Australia #9 page 247662:Criminal offence: New South Wales (Crimes Act 1900 s79, not more than 14 years' imprisonment), Northern Territory (Criminal Code s138, not more than 3 years' imprisonment), Queensland (Criminal Code s211: "carnal knowledge of an animal", not more than 7 years imprisonment), South Australia (Criminal Law Consolidation Act 1935 s69, "buggery with an animal", not more than 10 years' imprisonment), Tasmania (Criminal Code s122(b), not more than 21 years' imprisonment), Victoria (Crimes Act 1958 s59, not more than 5 years' imprisonment), Western Australia (Criminal Code s181: "carnal knowledge of an animal", not more than 7 years' imprisonment), Australian Capital Territory (Crimes Act 1900, s63A inserted in 2011, "Bestiality", not more than 10 years' imprisonment).
120. ^http://www.paclii.org/fj/legis/consol_act_OK/pc66/ Fiji Penal Code. Accessed November 28, 2016
121. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.praxagora.com/sierra/flum/9203.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061118202339/http://www.praxagora.com/sierra/flum/9203.htm |archivedate=2006-11-18 |title=The Flummery Digest}}
122. ^{{cite web |first=Rebecca F. |last=Wisch |url=http://www.animallaw.info/articles/State%20Tables/tbusanimalassault.htm |title=Table of State Animal Sexual Assault Laws |publisher=Michigan State University College of Law |year=2013 |accessdate=2013-01-04}}
123. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=animal-lovers-zoophiles-make-scient-2010-03-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050203183132/http://www.news24.com/News24/Backpage/Crime_Court/0%2C%2C2-1343-1345_1655555%2C00.html |archivedate=3 February 2005 |title=Hubby does it doggy style |deadurl=yes |df= }}
124. ^{{cite news|last=Haines|first=Lester|title=Sex with dead deer is illegal, US man finds|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2007/03/22/deer_man_convicted/|newspaper=The Register|date=22 March 2007}}
125. ^{{cite web|last=Rabiner |first=Stephanie |url=https://blogs.findlaw.com/legally_weird/2012/04/dog-molester-wont-have-to-register-as-sex-offender.html |title=Dog Molester Won't Have to Register as Sex Offender - Legally Weird |publisher=Blogs.findlaw.com |date=2012-04-06 |accessdate=2013-10-13}}
126. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.kscourts.org/cases-and-opinions/opinions/ctapp/2009/20090828/100494.htm |title=100494 - State v. Coman - Greene - Kansas Court of Appeals |publisher=Kscourts.org |date= |accessdate=2013-10-13}}
127. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/story/2012/02/26/bc-vancouver-bestiality.html | work=CBC News | title=Vancouver man faces bestiality charge | date=26 February 2012}}
128. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.kpho.com/story/18895998/pair-plead-guilty-in-craigslist-bestiality-case | work=CBS 5 | title=Pair plead guilty in Craigslist bestiality case | date=28 June 2012}}
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