| 词条 | Zwiefalten Abbey |
| 释义 |
| name = Zwiefalten Abbey | native_name = Kloster Zwiefalten, Abtei Zwiefalten, Reichsabtei Zwiefalten | native_name_lang = Swabian German | image = File:Zwiefalten Muenster.jpg | alt = | caption = Interior of the abbey | full = | order = | established = 1089 | disestablished = 1802 | mother = | dedication = | diocese = | churches = | founder = William of Hirsau | abbot = | prior = | archbishop = | bishop = | archdeacon = | people = | status = | functional_status = | heritage_designation = | designated_date = | architect = Johann Michael Fischer | style = Baroque | groundbreaking = | completed_date = | construction_cost = | location = Zwiefalten, Reutlingen, Germany | map_type = Germany | coordinates = {{coord|48|13|55|N|9|27|41|E|region:DE-BW_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | oscoor = | remains = | public_access = | other_info = }} Zwiefalten Abbey ({{lang-de|Kloster Zwiefalten, Abtei Zwiefalten}} or after 1750, {{lang|de|Reichsabtei Zwiefalten}}) was a Benedictine monastery situated at Zwiefalten near Reutlingen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. HistoryThe monastery was founded in 1089 at the time of the Investiture Controversy by Counts Gero and Kuno of Achalm, advised by Bishop Adalbero of Würzburg and Abbot William of Hirsau. The first monks were also from Hirsau Abbey, home of the Hirsau Reforms (under the influence of the Cluniac reforms), which strongly influenced the new foundation. Noker von Zwiefalten was the first abbot and led from 1065–90. During the 12th century Saint Ernest (died 1148)[1] was abbot. Between 1145 and 1149 he participated in the Second Crusade to regain the Holy Lands including Jerusalem.[2] Although Pope Urban VI granted special privileges to it, Zwiefalten Abbey was nevertheless the private monastery of the Counts of Achalm, later succeeded by the Counts of Württemberg. The abbey was plundered in 1525 during the German Peasants' War. Christoph Rassler was abbot from 1658–75 and Augustin Stegmüller was abbot in the 18th century. In 1750 the abbey was granted the status of Reichsabtei, which meant that it had the status of an independent power subject only to the Imperial Crown and was free of the rule of Württemberg. On 25 November 1802, however, it was secularised and dissolved and became a lunatic asylum and later psychiatric hospital, which it is today, as well as the site of the Württemberg Psychiatry Museum. Saint Ernest (died 1148)[1] was the abbot of the Benedictine Zwiefalten Abbey at Zwiefalten, Germany during the 12th century. He participated in the Second Crusade fought by Christians between 1145 and 1149 to regain the Holy Lands including Jerusalem.[2]BuildingsThe present buildings were constructed in German Baroque style from 1739–47 under the direction of Johann Michael Fischer (1692–1766) of Munich, who began overseeing the work in 1741. The interior, considered a model of Baroque design, is filled with ornate chapels and gilded balustrades, dominated by the high altar, which combines a Gothic statue of the Virgin Mary dating from 1430 with Baroque additions (dating from about 1750) by Johann Joseph Christian (1706–77). The elaborate frescoes are by Franz Joseph Spiegler (1691–1757).[3] Gallery{{Commons category|Münster Unserer Lieben Frau (Zwiefalten)|Minster of Our Lady, Zwiefalten Abbey}}{{Gallery| lines = 3 |width=150 |File:Zwiefalten 1826.jpg|Zwiefalten, 1826 |File:Germany Zwiefalten Münster High Altar.jpg|High altar in Zwiefalten Abbey |File:Zwiefalten Abtei.jpg|Exterior of the abbey |File:Germany Zwiefalten Münster Nebuchadnezzer and Zedekiah.jpg|Nebuchadnezzar battles King Zedekiah of Judah, who holds a plan of Jerusalem |File:Zwiefalten Muenster Deckengemaelde.jpg|Ceiling fresco in the abbey }} References1. ^1 {{cite web|title=ST. ERNEST (d. 1148 A.D.)|url=http://www.cspya.org/Saint%20of%20the%20week.html|publisher=Cathedral of St. Patrick Young Adults © 2010}} {{Swabian Circle}}{{Authority control}}2. ^1 {{cite web|title=Saint Ernest (1148)|url=http://catholicism.org/saint-ernest-1148.html|publisher=Saint Benedict Center, Richmond, New Hampshire.}} 3. ^Germany: A Phaidon Cultural Guide, pp. 775-6. Oxford: Phaidon, 1985. {{ISBN|0-7148-2354-6}} 9 : Benedictine monasteries in Germany|Psychiatric hospitals in Germany|Monasteries in Baden-Württemberg|1089 establishments in Europe|Christian monasteries established in the 11th century|Hospitals with year of establishment missing|Imperial abbeys disestablished in 1802–03|Swabian Jura|Medical and health organisations based in Baden-Württemberg |
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