| 词条 | Gaillardia | |
| 释义 |
|image = Gaillardia in Aspen (91273).jpg |image_caption = Gaillardia pulchella |display_parents = 3 |taxon = Gaillardia |authority = Foug.[1] |synonyms_ref=[2] |synonyms =
}} Gaillardia {{IPAc-en|ɡ|eɪ|ˈ|l|ɑr|d|i|ə}}[3] (common name blanket flower)[4] is a genus of flowering plants in the sunflower family, Asteraceae, native to North and South America. It was named after an M. Gaillard de Charentonneau,[5][6] an 18th-century French magistrate who was a patron of botany. The common name may refer to the resemblance of the inflorescence to the brightly patterned blankets made by Native Americans, or to the ability of wild taxa to blanket the ground with colonies.[7] Many cultivars have been bred for ornamental use. DescriptionThese are annual or perennial herbs or subshrubs, sometimes with rhizomes. The stem is usually branching and erect to a maximum height around 80 centimeters (31.5 inches). The leaves are alternately arranged. Some taxa have only basal leaves. They vary in shape. They are glandular in most species. The inflorescence is a solitary flower head. The head can have 15 or more ray florets, while some taxa lack any ray florets. They can be almost any shade of yellow, orange, red, purplish, brown, white, or bicolored. They are sometimes rolled into a funnel shape. There are many tubular disc florets at the center of the head in a similar range of colors, and usually tipped with hairs. The fruit usually has a pappus of scales.[8] EcologyGaillardia species are used as food plants by the caterpillars of some Lepidoptera species, including Schinia bina (which has been recorded on G. pulchella), Schinia masoni (which feeds exclusively on G. aristata) and Schinia volupia (which feeds exclusively on G. pulchella). SymbolismThe school colors of Texas State University are maroon and old gold, a combination inspired by the gaillardia.[9] SpeciesSpecies include:[4][10]
Hybrids
Formerly placed here
GalleryReferences1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?4796 |title=Genus: Gaillardia Foug. |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |date=1998-09-22 |accessdate=2011-02-10}} 2. ^Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist 3. ^Sunset Western Garden Book. 1995. 606–07. 4. ^1 {{ITIS |id=37395 |taxon=Gaillardia |accessdate=2011-02-10}} 5. ^Fougeroux de Bondaroy, Auguste Denis. Observations sur la Physique, sur L'Histoire Naturelle et sur les Arts. 29: 55. 1786. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/29390#page/61/mode/1up] 6. ^Fougeroux de Bondaroy, Auguste Denis. Memoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences Paris 1786: 5. 1788. 7. ^Gaillardia × grandiflora. Missouri Botanical Garden. 8. ^Gaillardia. Flora of North America. 9. ^School Colors. Texas State University–San Marcos. 10. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?4796 |title=GRIN Species Records of Gaillardia |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |accessdate=2011-02-10}} Further reading
2 : Gaillardia|Asteraceae genera |
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