| 词条 | Zénobe Gramme | ||
| 释义 |
|name = Zénobe Gramme |image =Zénobe Gramme 1893.jpg |image_size = 250px |caption = Zénobe Gramme by Nadar, 1893 |birth_name = |birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1826|4|4}} |birth_place = Jehay-Bodegnée, Belgium |death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1901|1|20|1826|4|4}} |death_place = Bois-Colombes, France |death_cause = |resting_place = Père Lachaise Cemetery |resting_place_coordinates = |residence = |nationality = Belgian |other_names = |known_for = Gramme dynamo |education = |employer = |occupation = electrical engineer |home_town = |title = |salary = |networth = |height = |weight = |term = |predecessor = |successor = |party = |boards = |religion = |spouse = |partner = |children = |parents = |relatives = |signature = |website = |footnotes = }} Zénobe Théophile Gramme (4 April 1826 – 20 January 1901) was a Belgian electrical engineer. He was born at Jehay-Bodegnée on 4 April 1826, the sixth child of Mathieu-Joseph Gramme,[1] and died at Bois-Colombes on 20 January 1901. He invented the Gramme machine, a type of direct current dynamo capable of generating smoother (less AC) and much higher voltages than the dynamos known to that point. CareerGramme was poorly educated and semi-literate throughout his life. His talent was in handicraft and when he left school became a joiner. After moving to Paris he took a job as a model maker at a company that manufactured electrical equipment and there became interested in technology.[2] Having built an improved dynamo Gramme, in association with Hippolyte Fontaine, opened a factory to develop the device. The business, called Société des Machines Magnéto-Électriques Gramme, manufactured the Gramme dynamo, Gramme ring, Gramme armature and other devices. In 1873 a Gramme dynamo was exhibited at the Vienna exhibition. He was made an officer of the National Order of the Legion of Honour in 1877. In 1888 he was awarded the last of the valuable Volta Prizes by the French government. Gramme machine as motorIn 1873 he and Hippolyte Fontaine accidentally discovered that the device was reversible[3] and would spin when connected to any DC power supply. The Gramme machine was the first usefully powerful electrical motor that was successful industrially. Before Gramme's inventions, electric motors attained only low power and were mainly used as toys or laboratory curiosities. In 1875, Nikola Tesla observed a Gramme machine at the Graz University of Technology. He conceived the idea of using it for alternating current but was unable to develop the idea at this time.[4] FamilyIn 1857 he married Hortense Nysten who was a widow and mother of a daughter, Héloïse. Hortense died in 1890.[1] Death and tributesGramme died at Bois-Colombes, France, on 20 January 1901 and was buried in Père Lachaise Cemetery. In the city of Liège there is a graduate school of engineering, l'Institut Gramme, named after him. In 2005 he ended at the 23rd place in the election of Le plus grand Belge (The Greatest Belgian), the television show broadcast by the French-speaking RTBF and based on the BBC show 100 Greatest Britons. A958 Zenobe Gramme, (1961–), a sailing ship of the Belgian Navy used for training, is named after him. Honours
Picture galleryReferences{{commons|Zénobe Gramme}}1. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.hyperpaysagedejehay.be/zenobe2.htm |title=Zénobe Gramme : un enfant du pays |publisher=Hyperpaysagedejehay.be |date=8 June 2008 |accessdate=12 March 2014}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.madehow.com/inventorbios/61/Z-nobe-Th-ophile-Gramme.html|title=Zénobe Théophile Gramme Biography (1826-1901)|publisher=How products are made|accessdate=6 March 2017}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/212450/Hippolyte-Fontaine |title=Hippolyte Fontaine (French engineer) – Encyclopædia Britannica |publisher=Britannica.com |date= |accessdate=12 March 2014}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fi.edu/learn/case-files/tesla/seeds.html |title=Nikola Tesla: Planting Seends |publisher=Fi.edu |date= |accessdate=12 March 2014}} Related pages
External links
9 : 1826 births|1901 deaths|People from Liège (province)|Belgian engineers|Belgian inventors|Belgian physicists|Electrical engineers|Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery|Walloon people |
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