“Étude Op. 25, No. 11 (Chopin)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Étude Op. 25, No. 11 (Chopin)

释义

Structure
Technique
Legacy
Popular culture
Notes
External links

Étude Op. 25, No. 11 in A minor, often referred to as the Winter Wind in English, is a solo piano technical study composed by Frédéric Chopin in 1836. It was first published together with all études of Opus 25 in 1837, in France, Germany, and England. The first French edition indicates a common time time signature, but the manuscript and the first German edition both feature cut time.^[1] The first four bars that characterize the melody were added just before publication at the advice of Charles A. Hoffmann, a friend.^[2]. Winter Wind is considered one of the hardest of Chopin's 24 Etudes, ranking the highest level of difficulty according to the Henle difficulty rankings.^[3]

Structure

The étude is a study for developing stamina, dexterity, and technique – essential skills for any concert pianist. It begins with a piano introduction of the main melody. The first theme follows, consisting of tumultuous cascades of semiquaver-tuplets (sixteenth-note-tuplets) and a leaping figure for the left hand in the relative major, C major, which shortly segues into a repetition of the first theme. It finishes with a short development into a fortissimo coda, and ends with one final statement of the theme.

Technique

Étude Op. 25, No. 11, is a study of right hand dexterity and left hand flexibility. Both hands play an important role throughout the piece; the melody is sung through the heavy left hand, and the right hand contributes the étude's namesake with rapid scales and arpeggios. This study must be navigated with polyphonic mindset, treating both hands as separate melodies that work together, in a duet for one performer.

One dissertation stresses the importance of {{em|implied}} melodic structure throughout the right-hand figures. Meaning, the following passage (measure 10, 11):

Should be played thus:

{{Listen|type=music|filename=Frederic Chopin - Opus 25 - Twelve Grand Etudes - a minor (2).ogg|title=Étude Op. 25 No. 11|description=Martha Goldstein playing on an Érard (1851) – 4102KB}}

accentuating those notes indicated by additional quaver (eighth note) tails. This serves to emphasize the underlying quartal rhythm to further accentuate the march-like theme of the left-hand.^[2] Although this analysis may be sound, the performance of this without the aforementioned implications detracts nothing from the rhythmic undulations of the chromatic scales. Abby Whiteside agreed with this subdivision, calling them "tonal patterns which have to be solved before this Etude is playable."^[4] Citing her usual procedures of promoting arm strength, she emphasized two key points exemplified by this étude: "notewise procedure does not further bravura playing" and "finger technique is simply not adequate for brilliance and speed." Her dissertation states that this work is impossible without the aforementioned subdivision, and simultaneously advocates her arm technique.^[4]

Legacy

The American music writer and critic James Huneker, in his preface to the Schirmer edition of Chopin's études, famously asserted of this étude, "Small-souled men, no matter how agile their fingers, should avoid it."^[5]^[6] The etude is a virtuoso piece played as an encore by select pianists such as Evgeny Kissin and Van Cliburn on his CD release titled My Favorite Chopin, and was scrupulously avoided by others such as Vladimir Horowitz who never recorded it. The etude has been the subject of a master class by virtuoso pianist Garrick Ohlsson.^[7]

Popular culture

The etude has been featured in the closing scenes of the 2018 Oscar winning film Green Book.

Notes

1. ^Palmer, Willard A.: Chopin Etudes for the Piano, page 116. Alfred Publishing Co., Inc., 1992
2. ^¹Walker, Alan: The Chopin Companion, p. 136. Norton and Co., 1966
3. ^{{cite web |last1=Verlag |first1=Henle |url=https://www.henle.de/us/detail/?Title=Etudes_9124 |website=Henle.de |accessdate=13 September 2018}}
4. ^¹{{cite book|last=Whiteside|first=Abby|authorlink=Abby Whiteside|title=Mastering the Chopin Etudes and Other Essays|year=1969|publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons|location=New York|isbn=978-0-684-10654-0}}
5. ^{{cite book |title=I Am a Strange Loop |first=Douglas R. |last=Hofstadter |authorlink=Douglas Hofstadter |page=16 |publisher=Basic Books |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-465-03078-1}}
6. ^Chopin : the Man and His Music by James Huneker
7. ^Masterclass with Garrick Ohlsson (Netanel Grinshtein, piano). [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ll0qDBCxCEc]

External links

Analysis of Chopin Etudes at Chopin: the poet of the piano
{{IMSLP|work=Etudes, Op.25 (Chopin, Frédéric)|cname=Études Op. 25}}

3 : Études by Frédéric Chopin|1836 compositions|Compositions in A minor

随便看

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。