| 词条 | Galictis | ||||||||||
| 释义 |
| image = Galictis.jpg | taxon = Galictis | authority = Bell, 1826 | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision =Galictis cuja Galictis vittata | range_map = Galictis range.png | range_map_caption = Galictis range }} A grison {{IPAc-en|ˈ|g|r|ɪ|z|ə|n}}, also known as a South American wolverine,[1] is any mustelid in the genus Galictis. Native to Central and South America, the genus contains two extant species: the greater grison (Galictis vittata), which is found widely in South America, through Central America to southern Mexico; and the lesser grison (Galictis cuja), which is restricted to the southern half of South America. NamesThe generic name Galictis joins two Greek words: {{transl|grc|galē}} ({{lang|grc|γαλῆ}}, "weasel") and {{transl|grc|iktis}} ({{lang|grc|ἴκτις}}, marten/weasel).[2] Compare the word Galidictis (a mongoose genus). The common name {{linktext|grison}} is from a French word for "gray", a variant of {{wikt-lang|fr|gris}}, also meaning "gray".[3] Locally, in Spanish, it is referred to as a {{lang|es|huroncito}} (literally "little ferret") or {{lang|es|grisón}}. In Portuguese, it is a {{lang|pt|furão}}.{{Citation needed|date=August 2009}} DescriptionGrisons measure up to {{convert|60|cm|abbr=on}} in length,[4] and weigh between {{convert|1|and|3|kg|abbr=on}}. The lesser grison is slightly smaller than the greater grison. Grisons generally resemble a skunk, but with a smaller tail, shorter legs, wider neck, and more robust body. The pelage along the back is a frosted gray with black legs, throat, face, and belly. A sharp white stripe extends from the forehead to the back of the neck. HabitatThey are found in a wide range of habitats from semi-open shrub and woodland to low-elevation forests. They are generally terrestrial, burrowing and nesting in holes in fallen trees or rock crevices, often living underground. They are omnivorous, consuming fruit and small animals (including mammals). Little is known about grison behavior for multiple reasons, including that their necks are so wide compared to their heads, an unusual difficulty that has made radio tracking problematic.{{citation needed|date=December 2013}} EvolutionExtant species
FossilsGrisons first appeared in South America during the early Pleistocene about 2.5 million years ago. They may be descended from the fossil genera Trigonictis and Sminthosinus, which lived in North America during the mid to late Pliocene.[5] There are at least three known fossil species, all of which were found in Argentina:[4]
References{{Wikispecies|Galictis}}{{more footnotes|date=November 2013}}1. ^ZipcodeZoo - Online Encyclopedia About Plants & Animals 2. ^{{Merriam-Webster|Galictis}} "New Latin, from Greek {{transl|grc|galē}} weasel + {{transl|grc|iktis}} yellow-breasted marten". Lewis and Short defines ictis ({{lang|grc|ἴκτις}}) simply as "a kind of weasel". Brill’s New Pauly likewise also notes that "{{lang|grc|ἴκτις}}/{{transl|grc|íktis}} may be a weasel" 3. ^{{Merriam-Webster|grison}} "French, from {{lang|fr|grison}} gray, from Middle French, from {{lang|frm|gris}}" 4. ^1 {{cite journal|author1=Yensen, E.|author2=Tarifa, T.|year=2003|title=Galictis vittata|journal=Mammalian Species|pages=Number 727: pp. 1–8|doi=10.1644/727}} 5. ^{{cite journal|author1=Yensen, E.|author2=Tarifa, T.|year=2003|title=Galictis cuja|journal=Mammalian Species|pages=Number 728: pp. 1–8.|doi= 10.1644/728}}
2 : Ictonychinae|Mammals of Guyana |
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