| 词条 | 1088 papal election | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
A papal election subsequent to the death of Pope Victor III in 1087 was held on 12 March 1088. Six cardinal-bishops, assisted by two lower-ranking cardinals, elected Cardinal-Bishop of Ostia Odon de Lagery as the new Pope. He assumed the name Urban II. BackgroundPope Victor III died on 16 September 1087 at Montecassino. Shortly before his death he recommended the election of Cardinal Odon de Lagery as his successor. Rome at that time was under control of Antipope Clement III, who was supported by the Emperor Henry IV of Germany, and there was no hope for its quick recovery. In this situation the adherents of Victor III assembled on 9 March 1088 at Terracina, under the protection of the Norman army, to elect the new Pope. Besides Cardinal-Bishops, who were the sole electors of the Pope, at the electoral assembly in the episcopal church of SS. Pietro e Cesareo there were present also the representatives of the two lower orders of cardinals, over 40 bishops and abbots, as well as Benedetto, prefect of Rome and Countess Matilda of Tuscany. The usual three days of fasting and prayer were proclaimed, and the meeting adjourned until Sunday 12 March. On that day the cardinals and the rest of the present churchmen and laymen reassembled in the same church. The Cardinal-Bishops of Albano, Tusculum and Porto together proposed the election of Odon de Lagery, Cardinal-Bishop of Ostia, who had been designated by Victor III. He accepted his election and took the name Urban II. The election was publicly announced by Cardinal Peter Igneus of Albano. On the same day, the new Pope was enthroned and celebrated the inauguration mass.[1] However, it was not until November 1088 that Urban II was able to travel to Rome.[2] Cardinal-electorsAccording to the decree of Nicholas II In Nomine Domini (1059) Cardinal-Bishops of the suburbicarian sees were the sole electors of the Pope. In March 1088 there were six Cardinal Bishops:[3]
Assistant electorsTwo Cardinals of the lower ranges, one Cardinal-Priest and one Cardinal Deacon assisted at the election:[4]
Notes1. ^Salvador Miranda: papal election of 1088 2. ^The Catholic Encyclopedia: Pope Urban II 3. ^I.S. Robinson, p. 62; Klewitz, p. 39; Salvador Miranda, papal election of 1088 4. ^H.W. Klewitz, p. 88; I.S.Robinson, p. 62; Salvador Miranda, papal election of 1088 5. ^Klewitz, p. 91 suggests that he may have been predecessor of Giovanni Coniulo (future Pope Gelasius II) as cardinal-deacon of S. Maria in Cosmedin, but this is not attested in the documents. Salvador Miranda says that he was deacon of S. Agata, but it seems to be confusion with Oderisio de Sangro. Bibliography
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