“Gamma Tauri”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Gamma Tauri (γ Tauri, abbreviated Gamma Tau, γ Tau) is either a solitary, binary or double star (the Washington Double Star Catalog notes it as a "Dubious Double" or "Bogus Binary"^[1]) that marks the tip of the "V" in the constellation of Taurus. is a member of, and located within about 2.5 parsecs of the center of, the Hyades star cluster, the nearest open cluster to the Sun. Based upon parallax measurements, Gamma Tauri is approximately 154 light-years from the Sun.

Considered as a pair of stars, the two components are designated Gamma Tauri A (also named Prima Hyadum^[2]) and B.

Nomenclature

Gamma Tauri bore the traditional name Hyadum I,^[4] which is Latin for "First Hyad". In 2016, the IAU organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)^[5] to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN decided to attribute proper names to individual stars rather than entire multiple systems.^[6] It approved the name Prima Hyadum for the component Gamma Tauri A on 5 September 2017 and it is now so included in the List of IAU-approved Star Names.^[2]

In Chinese, {{lang|zh|畢宿}} ({{lang|zh-Latn|Bì Xiù}}), meaning Net, refers to an asterism consisting of Gamma Tauri, Epsilon Tauri, Delta³ Tauri, Delta¹ Tauri, Alpha Tauri (Aldebaran), 71 Tauri and Lambda Tauri.^[7] Consequently, γ Tauri itself is known as {{lang|zh|畢宿四}} ({{lang|zh-Latn|Bì Xiù sì}}), "the Fourth Star of Net".^[8]

Properties

Gamma Tauri presents as a spectral class G8 or K0^[3]^[4] giant star with an apparent magnitude of +3.65. This star has passed through the main sequence phase is now a red clump giant, meaning it is using nuclear fusion of helium at its core to provide energy.^[9]

Age estimates for Gamma Tauri range from 430 million^[10] to 530 million years.^[11] By comparison, the age of the Hyades cluster is about 625 million years with an error margin of 50 million years.^[11]

The angular diameter of this star has been measured using the CHARA array to 2% accuracy. After correcting for limb darkening, this gives the stellar radius as 13.4 times the radius of the Sun.^[12] The star is radiating about 85 times the luminosity of the Sun^[10] and has 2.7 times the Sun's mass.^[11] With its large size and low projected rotational velocity of {{nowrap|4 km s⁻¹}},^[17] it takes about 253 days to complete a rotation.^[18]

References

1. ^{{cite web | url=http://ad.usno.navy.mil/wds/ | title=Washington Double Star Catalog |publisher=United States Naval Observatory |accessdate=2 January 2018}}
2. ^¹{{cite web | url=https://www.iau.org/public/themes/naming_stars/ | title=Naming Stars |publisher=IAU.org |accessdate=16 December 2017}}
3. ^{{cite arXiv |title=On the naming convention used for multiple star systems and extrasolar planets |date=2010 |eprint=1012.0707 |class=astro-ph.SR |last1= Hessman |first1=F. V. |last2= Dhillon |first2=V. S. |last3= Winget |first3=D. E. |last4= Schreiber |first4=M. R. |last5= Horne |first5=K. |last6= Marsh |first6=T. R. |last7= Guenther |first7=E. |last8= Schwope |first8=A. |last9= Heber |first9=U. }}
4. ^¹{{cite book | last=Allen | first=R. H. | date=1963 | authorlink=Richard Hinckley Allen | title=Their Lore and Meaning | edition=Reprint | publisher=Dover Publications Inc. | location=New York, NY | isbn=0-486-21079-0 | page=390 }}
5. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/working_groups/280/ | title=IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)|accessdate=22 May 2016}}
6. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.iau.org/static/science/scientific_bodies/working_groups/280/wg-starnames-triennial-report-2015-2018.pdf | page=5 | title=WG Triennial Report (2015-2018) - Star Names |accessdate=2018-07-14}}
7. ^{{zh icon}} 中國星座神話, written by 陳久金. Published by 台灣書房出版有限公司, 2005, {{ISBN|978-986-7332-25-7}}.
8. ^{{zh icon}} 香港太空館 - 研究資源 - 亮星中英對照表 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081025110153/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/Research/StarName/c_research_chinengstars_ala_alz.htm |date=2008-10-25 }}, Hong Kong Space Museum. Accessed on line November 23, 2010.
9. ^{{cite journal | author1=de Bruijne, J. H. J. |author2=Hoogerwerf, R. |author3=de Zeeuw, P. T. | title=A Hipparcos study of the Hyades open cluster. Improved colour-absolute magnitude and Hertzsprung-Russell diagrams | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=367 | issue=1 | pages=111–147 |date=February 2001 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20000410 | bibcode=2001A&A...367..111D|arxiv = astro-ph/0011565 }}
10. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶{{cite journal | author1=Takeda, Yoichi |author2=Sato, Bun'ei |author3=Murata, Daisuke | title=Stellar Parameters and Elemental Abundances of Late-G Giants | journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan |date=August 2008 | volume=60 | issue=4 | pages=781–802 | bibcode=2008PASJ...60..781T | arxiv = 0805.2434 | doi=10.1093/pasj/60.4.781 }}
11. ^¹²³⁴{{cite journal | author=da Silva, L. | title=Basic physical parameters of a selected sample of evolved stars | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=458 | issue=2 |date=November 2006 | pages=609–623 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20065105 |display-authors=etal | bibcode=2006A&A...458..609D|arxiv = astro-ph/0608160 }}
12. ^¹²³{{cite journal | author=Boyajian, Tabetha S. |display-authors=etal | title=Angular Diameters of the Hyades Giants Measured with the CHARA Array |date=February 2009 | journal=The Astrophysical Journal | volume=691 | issue=2 | pages=1243–1247 | doi=10.1088/0004-637X/691/2/1243 | bibcode=2009ApJ...691.1243B|arxiv = 0810.2238 }}
13. ^¹²{{cite journal | last1=Johnson | first1=H. L. | last2=Morgan | first2=W. W. | title=Fundamental stellar photometry for standards of spectral type on the revised system of the Yerkes spectral atlas | journal=Astrophysical Journal | date=1953 | volume=117 | pages=313–352 | bibcode=1953ApJ...117..313J | doi=10.1086/145697 }}
14. ^¹{{cite conference | last=Evans | first=D. S. | date=June 20–24, 1966 | editor1=Batten, Alan Henry |editor2=Heard, John Frederick | title=The Revision of the General Catalogue of Radial Velocities | booktitle=Determination of Radial Velocities and their Applications, Proceedings from IAU Symposium no. 30 | location=University of Toronto | publisher=International Astronomical Union | bibcode=1967IAUS...30...57E }}
15. ^¹{{cite journal |author1=Soubiran, C. |author2=Bienaymé, O. |author3=Mishenina, T. V. |author4=Kovtyukh, V. V. | title=Vertical distribution of Galactic disk stars. IV. AMR and AVR from clump giants | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=480 | issue=1|date=March 2008 | pages=91–101 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20078788 | bibcode=2008A&A...480...91S |arxiv = 0712.1370 }}
16. ^¹²{{cite journal |author1=Bernacca, P. L. |author2=Perinotto, M. | title=A catalogue of stellar rotational velocities | journal=Contributi Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova in Asiago | volume=239 | issue=1 | date=1970 | bibcode=1970CoAsi.239....1B }}
17. ^¹²{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Setiawan | first1=J. | last2=Pasquini | first2=L. | last3=da Silva | first3=L. | last4=Hatzes | first4=A. P. | last5=von der Lühe | first5=O. | last6=Girardi | first6=L. | last7=de Medeiros | first7=J. R. | last8=Guenther | first8=E. | title=Precise radial velocity measurements of G and K giants. Multiple systems and variability trend along the Red Giant Branch | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=421 | pages=241–254 |date=July 2004 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20041042-1 | bibcode=2004A&A...421..241S }}
18. ^¹²³{{cite web | title=NSV 1553 - Variable Star | publisher=Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg | work=SIMBAD | url=http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=NSV+1553 | accessdate=2009-09-22 }}

词条	Gamma Tauri
释义	Nomenclature Properties References {{Starbox begin \| name = γ Tauri }}{{Starbox image \| image={{Location mark \|image=Taurus constellation map.svg\|alt=\|float=center\|width=260 \|label=\|position=right \|mark=Red circle.svg\|mark_width=10\|mark_link=γ Tau \|x=607\|y=566 }} \|caption=Location of γ Tauri (circled) }}{{Starbox observe \| epoch = J2000 \| ra = {{RA\|04\|19\|47.6037}} \| dec = {{DEC\|+15\|37\|39.512}} \| appmag_v = 3.654^[3] \| constell = Taurus }}{{Starbox character \| class = G8III^[4] \| b-v = +0.99^[5] \| u-b = +0.84^[5] \| variable = }}{{Starbox astrometry \| radial_v = {{nowrap\|38.7 ± 0.9}}^[7] \| prop_mo_ra = +115.29 \| prop_mo_dec = -23.86 \| parallax = 21.17 \| p_error = 1.17 \| parallax_footnote = \| absmag_v = 0.22^[4] }}{{Starbox detail \| mass = {{nowrap\|2.70 ± 0.13}}^[12] \| radius = {{nowrap\|13.4 ± 0.2}}^[13] \| luminosity = 85^[4] \| temperature = {{nowrap\|4,844 ± 47}}^[13] \| metal_fe = +0.11^[16] \| rotational_velocity = 4^[17] \| rotation = 253 days^[18] \| gravity = 2.58-2.61^[13] \| age_myr = 430–530^[4]^[12] }}{{Starbox catalog \| names = Prima Hyadum, Hyadum I,^[22] 54 Tauri, BD+15°612, FK5 159, HD 27371, HIP 20205, HR 1346, SAO 93868, GC 5226, WDS 04198+1538^[3] }}{{Starbox reference\|Simbad=gam+Tau}}{{Starbox end}} Gamma Tauri (γ Tauri, abbreviated Gamma Tau, γ Tau) is either a solitary, binary or double star (the Washington Double Star Catalog notes it as a "Dubious Double" or "Bogus Binary"^[1]) that marks the tip of the "V" in the constellation of Taurus. is a member of, and located within about 2.5 parsecs of the center of, the Hyades star cluster, the nearest open cluster to the Sun. Based upon parallax measurements, Gamma Tauri is approximately 154 light-years from the Sun. Considered as a pair of stars, the two components are designated Gamma Tauri A (also named Prima Hyadum^[2]) and B. Nomenclature γ Tauri (Latinised to Gamma Tauri) is the system's Bayer designation. The designations of the two potential components as Gamma Tauri A and B derive from the convention used by the Washington Multiplicity Catalog (WMC) for multiple star systems, and adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU).^[3] Gamma Tauri bore the traditional name Hyadum I,^[4] which is Latin for "First Hyad". In 2016, the IAU organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)^[5] to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN decided to attribute proper names to individual stars rather than entire multiple systems.^[6] It approved the name Prima Hyadum for the component Gamma Tauri A on 5 September 2017 and it is now so included in the List of IAU-approved Star Names.^[2] In Chinese, {{lang\|zh\|畢宿}} ({{lang\|zh-Latn\|Bì Xiù}}), meaning Net, refers to an asterism consisting of Gamma Tauri, Epsilon Tauri, Delta³ Tauri, Delta¹ Tauri, Alpha Tauri (Aldebaran), 71 Tauri and Lambda Tauri.^[7] Consequently, γ Tauri itself is known as {{lang\|zh\|畢宿四}} ({{lang\|zh-Latn\|Bì Xiù sì}}), "the Fourth Star of Net".^[8] Properties Gamma Tauri presents as a spectral class G8 or K0^[3]^[4] giant star with an apparent magnitude of +3.65. This star has passed through the main sequence phase is now a red clump giant, meaning it is using nuclear fusion of helium at its core to provide energy.^[9] Age estimates for Gamma Tauri range from 430 million^[10] to 530 million years.^[11] By comparison, the age of the Hyades cluster is about 625 million years with an error margin of 50 million years.^[11] The angular diameter of this star has been measured using the CHARA array to 2% accuracy. After correcting for limb darkening, this gives the stellar radius as 13.4 times the radius of the Sun.^[12] The star is radiating about 85 times the luminosity of the Sun^[10] and has 2.7 times the Sun's mass.^[11] With its large size and low projected rotational velocity of {{nowrap\|4 km s⁻¹}},^[17] it takes about 253 days to complete a rotation.^[18] References 1. ^{{cite web \| url=http://ad.usno.navy.mil/wds/ \| title=Washington Double Star Catalog \|publisher=United States Naval Observatory \|accessdate=2 January 2018}} 2. ^¹{{cite web \| url=https://www.iau.org/public/themes/naming_stars/ \| title=Naming Stars \|publisher=IAU.org \|accessdate=16 December 2017}} 3. ^{{cite arXiv \|title=On the naming convention used for multiple star systems and extrasolar planets \|date=2010 \|eprint=1012.0707 \|class=astro-ph.SR \|last1= Hessman \|first1=F. V. \|last2= Dhillon \|first2=V. S. \|last3= Winget \|first3=D. E. \|last4= Schreiber \|first4=M. R. \|last5= Horne \|first5=K. \|last6= Marsh \|first6=T. R. \|last7= Guenther \|first7=E. \|last8= Schwope \|first8=A. \|last9= Heber \|first9=U. }} 4. ^¹{{cite book \| last=Allen \| first=R. H. \| date=1963 \| authorlink=Richard Hinckley Allen \| title=Their Lore and Meaning \| edition=Reprint \| publisher=Dover Publications Inc. \| location=New York, NY \| isbn=0-486-21079-0 \| page=390 }} 5. ^{{cite web \| url=https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/working_groups/280/ \| title=IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)\|accessdate=22 May 2016}} 6. ^{{cite web \| url=https://www.iau.org/static/science/scientific_bodies/working_groups/280/wg-starnames-triennial-report-2015-2018.pdf \| page=5 \| title=WG Triennial Report (2015-2018) - Star Names \|accessdate=2018-07-14}} 7. ^{{zh icon}} 中國星座神話, written by 陳久金. Published by 台灣書房出版有限公司, 2005, {{ISBN\|978-986-7332-25-7}}. 8. ^{{zh icon}} 香港太空館 - 研究資源 - 亮星中英對照表 {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081025110153/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/Research/StarName/c_research_chinengstars_ala_alz.htm \|date=2008-10-25 }}, Hong Kong Space Museum. Accessed on line November 23, 2010. 9. ^{{cite journal \| author1=de Bruijne, J. H. J. \|author2=Hoogerwerf, R. \|author3=de Zeeuw, P. T. \| title=A Hipparcos study of the Hyades open cluster. Improved colour-absolute magnitude and Hertzsprung-Russell diagrams \| journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics \| volume=367 \| issue=1 \| pages=111–147 \|date=February 2001 \| doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20000410 \| bibcode=2001A&A...367..111D\|arxiv = astro-ph/0011565 }} 10. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶{{cite journal \| author1=Takeda, Yoichi \|author2=Sato, Bun'ei \|author3=Murata, Daisuke \| title=Stellar Parameters and Elemental Abundances of Late-G Giants \| journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan \|date=August 2008 \| volume=60 \| issue=4 \| pages=781–802 \| bibcode=2008PASJ...60..781T \| arxiv = 0805.2434 \| doi=10.1093/pasj/60.4.781 }} 11. ^¹²³⁴{{cite journal \| author=da Silva, L. \| title=Basic physical parameters of a selected sample of evolved stars \| journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics \| volume=458 \| issue=2 \|date=November 2006 \| pages=609–623 \| doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20065105 \|display-authors=etal \| bibcode=2006A&A...458..609D\|arxiv = astro-ph/0608160 }} 12. ^¹²³{{cite journal \| author=Boyajian, Tabetha S. \|display-authors=etal \| title=Angular Diameters of the Hyades Giants Measured with the CHARA Array \|date=February 2009 \| journal=The Astrophysical Journal \| volume=691 \| issue=2 \| pages=1243–1247 \| doi=10.1088/0004-637X/691/2/1243 \| bibcode=2009ApJ...691.1243B\|arxiv = 0810.2238 }} 13. ^¹²{{cite journal \| last1=Johnson \| first1=H. L. \| last2=Morgan \| first2=W. W. \| title=Fundamental stellar photometry for standards of spectral type on the revised system of the Yerkes spectral atlas \| journal=Astrophysical Journal \| date=1953 \| volume=117 \| pages=313–352 \| bibcode=1953ApJ...117..313J \| doi=10.1086/145697 }} 14. ^¹{{cite conference \| last=Evans \| first=D. S. \| date=June 20–24, 1966 \| editor1=Batten, Alan Henry \|editor2=Heard, John Frederick \| title=The Revision of the General Catalogue of Radial Velocities \| booktitle=Determination of Radial Velocities and their Applications, Proceedings from IAU Symposium no. 30 \| location=University of Toronto \| publisher=International Astronomical Union \| bibcode=1967IAUS...30...57E }} 15. ^¹{{cite journal \|author1=Soubiran, C. \|author2=Bienaymé, O. \|author3=Mishenina, T. V. \|author4=Kovtyukh, V. V. \| title=Vertical distribution of Galactic disk stars. IV. AMR and AVR from clump giants \| journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics \| volume=480 \| issue=1\|date=March 2008 \| pages=91–101 \| doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20078788 \| bibcode=2008A&A...480...91S \|arxiv = 0712.1370 }} 16. ^¹²{{cite journal \|author1=Bernacca, P. L. \|author2=Perinotto, M. \| title=A catalogue of stellar rotational velocities \| journal=Contributi Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova in Asiago \| volume=239 \| issue=1 \| date=1970 \| bibcode=1970CoAsi.239....1B }} 17. ^¹²{{citation \| display-authors=1 \| last1=Setiawan \| first1=J. \| last2=Pasquini \| first2=L. \| last3=da Silva \| first3=L. \| last4=Hatzes \| first4=A. P. \| last5=von der Lühe \| first5=O. \| last6=Girardi \| first6=L. \| last7=de Medeiros \| first7=J. R. \| last8=Guenther \| first8=E. \| title=Precise radial velocity measurements of G and K giants. Multiple systems and variability trend along the Red Giant Branch \| journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics \| volume=421 \| pages=241–254 \|date=July 2004 \| doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20041042-1 \| bibcode=2004A&A...421..241S }} 18. ^¹²³{{cite web \| title=NSV 1553 - Variable Star \| publisher=Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg \| work=SIMBAD \| url=http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=NSV+1553 \| accessdate=2009-09-22 }} ^[13]^[14]^[15]^[16]^[17]^[18] }}{{Stars of Taurus}} 11 : G-type giants\|Horizontal-branch stars\|Hyades (star cluster)\|Taurus (constellation)\|Stars with proper names\|Bayer objects\|Durchmusterung objects\|Flamsteed objects\|Henry Draper Catalogue objects\|Hipparcos objects\|HR objects
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