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词条 1231 Auricula
释义

  1. Orbit and classification

  2. Naming

      Reinmuth's flowers  

  3. Physical characteristics

      Rotation period and poles    Diameter and albedo  

  4. References

  5. External links

{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet = yes
| name = 1231 Auricula
| background = #D6D6D6
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| discovery_ref =  [1]
| discoverer = K. Reinmuth
| discovery_site = Heidelberg Obs.
| discovered = 10 October 1931
| mpc_name = (1231) Auricula
| alt_names = {{mp|1931 TE|2}}
| pronounced =
| named_after = Primula auricula [2]
{{small|(flowering plant)}}
| mp_category = {{nowrap|main-belt [1]{{·}}{{small|(middle)}}}}
background [5][6]
| orbit_ref =  
| epoch = 27 April 2019 (JD 2458600.5)
| uncertainty = 0
| observation_arc = 87.02 yr (31,785 d)
| aphelion = 2.8988 AU
| perihelion = 2.4388 AU
| semimajor = 2.6688 AU
| eccentricity = 0.0862
| period = 4.36 yr (1,593 d)
| mean_anomaly = 171.27°
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.2261|sup=ms}} / day
| inclination = 11.483°
| asc_node = 342.04°
| arg_peri = 245.60°
| mean_diameter = {{val|13.43|4.67|ul=km}}[8]
{{val|15.10|3.67|u=km}}[9]
{{val|18.71|0.65|u=km}}[10][11]
{{val|21.44|0.81|u=km}}[12]
{{val|22.52|1.8|u=km}}[13]
| rotation = {{val|3.9816|0.0006|ul=h}}[14]
| albedo = {{val|0.066}}[10][11]
{{val|0.0798}}[13]
{{val|0.089}}[12]
{{val|0.11}}[9][8]
| spectral_type = C {{small|(SDSS-MOC)}}[21]
| abs_magnitude = 11.60[12]
12.2[1][9][10][11]
12.29[8]
}}1231 Auricula, provisional designation {{mp|1931 TE|2}}, is a carbonaceous background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately {{convert|20|km|mi|abbr=off|sigfig=2|sp=us}} in diameter. It was discovered on 10 October 1931, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory.[1] The likely elongated C-type asteroid has a rotation period of 3.98 hours.[30] It was named after the flowering plant auricula and indirectly honors astronomer Gustav Stracke.[2]

Orbit and classification

Based on recent HCM-analyses, Auricula is a non-family asteroid that belongs to the main belt's background population.[5][6] On its osculating Keplerian orbital elements, it is located in the Eunomia region ({{small|502}}), where the prominent family of stony stony asteroids is located.[30]

It orbits the Sun in the central main-belt at a distance of 2.4–2.9 AU once every 4 years and 4 months (1,593 days; semi-major axis of 2.67 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.09 and an inclination of 11° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Heidelberg in October 1931.[1]

Naming

This minor planet was named after the yellow flowered Alpine primrose, primula auricula. The official {{MoMP|1231|naming citation}} was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 ({{small|H 113}}).[2] It honors German astronomer and diligent orbit computer Gustav Stracke (1887–1943), who had asked that no asteroid be named after him. The initials of the asteroids {{MoMP|1227|(1227)}} through (1234), all discovered by Karl Reinmuth, spell out "G. Stracke". In this manner, Reinmuth was able to circumvent Stracke's desire and honor him nevertheless. The asteroid 1019 Strackea was later later named after Stracke directly.[38] In the 1990s, astronomer Brian Marsden was also honored by this method, see asteroids {{MoMP|5694|5694}} to {{MoMP|5699|5699}}. The consecutive initial letters of these minor-planet names spell out "MarsdenB".[39]

Reinmuth's flowers

Due to his many discoveries, Karl Reinmuth submitted a large list of 66 newly named asteroids in the early 1930s. The list covered his discoveries with numbers between {{MoMP|1009|(1009)}} and {{MoMP|1200|(1200)}}. This list also contained a sequence of 28 asteroids, starting with 1054 Forsytia, that were all named after plants, in particular flowering plants (also see list of minor planets named after animals and plants).[40]

Physical characteristics

In the SDSS-based taxonomy, Auricula is a common, carbonaceous C-type asteroid.[5][21]

Rotation period and poles

In April 2008, a rotational lightcurve of Auricula was obtained from photometric observations by Colin Bembrick at the Mount Tarana Observatory {{Obscode|431}} and other observers from Australia and New Zealand. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of {{val|3.9816|0.0006}} hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.75 magnitude ({{small|U=3}}), indicative of a non-spherical, elongated shape.[14] A modeled lightcurve using photometric data from the Lowell Photometric Database was published in 2016. It gave a concurring sidereal period of {{val|3.981580|0.000001}} hours, as well as two spin axes at (57.0°, −57.0°) and (225.0°, −85.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β).[44]

Diameter and albedo

According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Auricula measures between 13.43 and 22.52 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.066 and 0.11.[8][9][11][10][12][13] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0465 and a diameter of 22.37 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.2.[30]

References

1. ^1 2 3 {{cite book |title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1231) Auricula |last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D. |publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg |page = 102 |date = 2007 |isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 |doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1232 |chapter = (1231) Auricula }}
2. ^1 {{cite book |title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1234) Elyna |last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D. |publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg |page = 102–103 |date = 2007 |isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 |doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1235 |chapter = (1234) Elyna }}
3. ^1 {{cite book |title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1054) Forsytia |last = Schmadel |first = Lutz D. |publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg |page = 90 |date = 2007 |isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 |doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1055 |chapter = (1054) Forsytia}}
4. ^1 {{cite book |title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (5699) Munch |last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D. |publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg |page = 483 |date = 2007 |isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 |doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_5391 |chapter = (5699) Munch }}
5. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web |title = 1231 Auricula (1931 TE2) |work = Minor Planet Center |url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1231 |accessdate = 17 December 2018}}
6. ^1 2 {{cite web |title = Asteroid (1231) Auricula – Proper elements |publisher = AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site |url = http://hamilton.dm.unipi.it/astdys/index.php?n=1231&pc=1.1.6 |accessdate = 14 December 2018}}
7. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |title = Asteroid 1231 Auricula |work = Small Bodies Data Ferret |url = https://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/SimpleSearch/results.action?targetName=1231+Auricula |accessdate = 17 December 2018}}
8. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal |first1 = E. F. |last1 = Tedesco |first2 = P. V. |last2 = Noah |first3 = M. |last3 = Noah |first4 = S. D. |last4 = Price |date = October 2004 |title = IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0 |url = https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/iras/IRAS_A_FPA_3_RDR_IMPS_V6_0/data/diamalb.tab |journal = NASA Planetary Data System – IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0 |pages = IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0 |bibcode = 2004PDSS...12.....T |access-date= 17 December 2018}}
9. ^1 2 {{Cite journal |first1 = J. M. |last1 = Carvano |first2 = P. H. |last2 = Hasselmann |first3 = D. |last3 = Lazzaro |first4 = T. |last4 = Mothé-Diniz |date = February 2010 |title = SDSS-based taxonomic classification and orbital distribution of main belt asteroids |url = https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/non_mission/EAR_A_I0035_5_SDSSTAX_V1_1/data/sdsstax_ast_table.tab |journal = Astronomy and Astrophysics |volume = 510 |page = 12 |bibcode = 2010A&A...510A..43C |doi = 10.1051/0004-6361/200913322 |accessdate = 17 December 2018}}
10. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |title = LCDB Data for (1231) Auricula |publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB) |url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/GenerateALCDEFPage_Local.php?AstInfo=1231%7CAuricula |accessdate = 17 December 2018}}
11. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero |first2 = A. K. |last2 = Mainzer |first3 = T. |last3 = Grav |first4 = J. M. |last4 = Bauer |first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri |first6 = C. |last6 = Nugent |first7 = M. S. |last7 = Cabrera |date = November 2012 |title = Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids |journal = The Astrophysical Journal Letters |volume = 759 |issue = 1 |page = 5 |bibcode = 2012ApJ...759L...8M |doi = 10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8 |arxiv = 1209.5794 }}
12. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = C. R. |last1 = Nugent |first2 = A. |last2 = Mainzer |first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero |first4 = J. |last4 = Bauer |first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri |first6 = T. |last6 = Grav |first7 = E. |last7 = Kramer |first8 = S. |last8 = Sonnett |first9 = R. |last9 = Stevenson |first10 = E. L. |last10 = Wright |date = December 2015 |title = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 814 |issue = 2 |page = 13 |bibcode = 2015ApJ...814..117N |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117 |arxiv = 1509.02522 }}
13. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = A. K. |last1 = Mainzer |first2 = J. M. |last2 = Bauer |first3 = R. M. |last3 = Cutri |first4 = T. |last4 = Grav |first5 = E. A. |last5 = Kramer |first6 = J. R. |last6 = Masiero |first7 = C. R. |last7 = Nugent |first8 = S. M. |last8 = Sonnett |first9 = R. A. |last9 = Stevenson |first10 = E. L. |last10 = Wright |date = June 2016 |title = NEOWISE Diameters and Albedos V1.0 |url = https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/non_mission/EAR_A_COMPIL_5_NEOWISEDIAM_V1_0/data/neowise_mainbelt.tab |journal = NASA Planetary Data System |pages = EAR-A-COMPIL-5-NEOWISEDIAM-V1.0 |bibcode = 2016PDSS..247.....M |access-date= 17 December 2018}}
14. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = C. R. |last1 = Nugent |first2 = A. |last2 = Mainzer |first3 = J. |last3 = Bauer |first4 = R. M. |last4 = Cutri |first5 = E. A. |last5 = Kramer |first6 = T. |last6 = Grav |first7 = J. |last7 = Masiero |first8 = S. |last8 = Sonnett |first9 = E. L. |last9 = Wright |date = September 2016 |title = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos |journal = The Astronomical Journal |volume = 152 |issue = 3 |page = 12 |bibcode = 2016AJ....152...63N |doi = 10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63 |arxiv = 1606.08923 }}
15. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Fumihiko |last1 = Usui |first2 = Daisuke |last2 = Kuroda |first3 = Thomas G. |last3 = Müller |first4 = Sunao |last4 = Hasegawa |first5 = Masateru |last5 = Ishiguro |first6 = Takafumi |last6 = Ootsubo |first7 = Daisuke |last7 = Ishihara |first8 = Hirokazu |last8 = Kataza |first9 = Satoshi |last9 = Takita |first10 = Shinki |last10 = Oyabu |first11 = Munetaka |last11 = Ueno |first12 = Hideo |last12 = Matsuhara |first13 = Takashi |last13 = Onaka |date = October 2011 |title = Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey |url = http://pasj.oxfordjournals.org/content/63/5/1117.full.pdf+html |journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan |volume = 63 |issue = 5 |pages = 1117–1138 |bibcode = 2011PASJ...63.1117U |doi = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117 |access-date= 17 December 2018}} (online, [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/43545172.pdf AcuA catalog p. 153])
16. ^1 2 {{Cite journal |first1 = Colin |last1 = Bembrick |first2 = Greg |last2 = Crawford |first3 = Bill |last3 = Allen |date = October 2008 |title = The Rotation Period of 1231 Auricula |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2008MPBu...35..185B |journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin |volume = 35 |issue = 4 |pages = 185–186 |issn = 1052-8091 |bibcode = 2008MPBu...35..185B |access-date= 17 December 2018}}
17. ^1 {{cite journal |first1 = J. |last1 = Durech |first2 = J. |last2 = Hanus |first3 = D. |last3 = Oszkiewicz |first4 = R. |last4 = Vanco |date = March 2016 |title = Asteroid models from the Lowell photometric database |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2016A&A...587A..48D |journal = Astronomy and Astrophysics |volume = 587 |page = 6 |bibcode = 2016A&A...587A..48D |doi = 10.1051/0004-6361/201527573 |arxiv = 1601.02909 |access-date= 17 December 2018}}
[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]

}}

External links

  • Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info)
  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
  • [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center
  • {{AstDys|1231}}
  • {{JPL small body}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}{{Minor planets navigator |1230 Riceia |number=1231 |1232 Cortusa}}{{Small Solar System bodies}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Auricula}}

5 : Background asteroids|Discoveries by Karl Wilhelm Reinmuth|Minor planets named for plants|Named minor planets|Astronomical objects discovered in 1931
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