| 词条 | 12"/50 caliber Mark 8 gun |
| 释义 |
|is_artillery=yes |is_explosive= yes |is_ranged=yes | image=USS Guam (CB-2) firing main battery, 1944-45.jpg | image_size = 300 |caption={{USS|Guam|CB-2|6}} firing her 12"/50 guns during a training session sometime in 1944–1945. |name= 12"/50 caliber Mark 8 gun |origin= United States |used_by={{sclass-|Alaska|cruiser}}s |wars=World War II |prod_date= |type=Naval gun |date= |designer= |design_date=1939 |manufacturer=Naval Gun Factory, Midvale and Bethlehem Steel Corporation, Watervliet Arsenal[1] |service=1944–1961[1][1] |caliber= {{convert|12|in|mm|sigfig=4}}[1] |part_length={{convert|51|ft|m|sigfig=4}} bore (50 cal)[1] |carriage= |breech= |rate=2.4–3.0 rounds per minute[1] |velocity= |cartridge={{convert|1140|lb|kg|}} |ammo_wt= |max_range={{convert|38573|yd|m}}[1] |recoil= |weight= |length= |crew= |number= |filling_weight= }} The 12"/50 caliber gun Mark 8 was a US naval gun mounted on the {{sclass-|Alaska|cruiser}}s. The gun, like the "large cruiser" that mounted it, was intended to fill the gap between US "heavy cruisers" (6-8") and later US battleships (14-16"). Design and productionThe gun was designed in 1939, and a prototype was tested in 1942. Unlike previous guns, such as the 16"/45 caliber guns used on the {{sclass-|North Carolina|battleship|4}}, which were completely made and assembled at the Naval Gun Factory in Washington D.C., the forgings for the Mark 8 were manufactured at the Midvale and Bethlehem Steel Corporation. They were then sent to the Naval Gun Factory for processing, which was followed by a trip to Watervliet Arsenal until they were 65% complete. Finally, the built-up guns were sent back to the Naval Gun Factory to be finished. The gun was first deployed in 1944, on the lead ship of the Alaska class, {{USS|Alaska|CB-1|6}}.[2] The two Alaska-class ships each had nine Mark 8 guns mounted in three triple (3-gun) turrets, with two turrets forward and one aft, a configuration known as "2-A-1". Only two vessels of the class were completed, making them the only applications of the Mark 8 12"/50 caliber gun. MeasurementsThe Mark 8 weighed {{convert|121856|lb|kg}} including the breech and was capable of an average rate of fire of 2.4–3 rounds a minute. It could throw a 1,140 lb. (517.093 kg) Mark 18 armor-piercing shell 38,573 yards (35,271 meters) at an elevation of 45°.[2][3] The previous 12" gun manufactured for the U.S. Navy was the Mark 7 version, used in the World War I era {{sclass-|Wyoming|battleship}}s,[2] could only throw an {{convert|870|lbs|kg|sp=us|adj=on}} shell {{convert|24000|yard|m|0}}, at an elevation of 15°[4] The Mark 8's significant improvement in firing weight and range over the Mark 7 gave it the honor of "by far the most powerful weapon of its caliber ever placed in service."[5] In fact, as a result of the decision to fire "super heavy" armor-piercing projectiles, the Mark 8's deck plate penetration was better and the side belt armor penetration equal to the older (but larger) 14"/50 caliber gun. The barrel life of the Mark 8 guns was 344 shots, which was 54 more shots than the 16"/50 caliber Mark 7 gun found in the {{sclass-|Iowa|battleship}}s.[2][3] See also
References1. ^1961 is the year the last remaining Alaska-class ship, Guam, was decommissioned. 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{cite web|last=DiGiulian |first=Tony |title=United States of America 12"/50 Mark 8 |url=http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNUS_12-50_mk8.htm |publisher=Navweaps.com |accessdate=7 January 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090107124009/http://www.navweaps.com//Weapons/WNUS_12-50_mk8.htm |archivedate=7 January 2009 |deadurl=no |df=dmy }} 3. ^1 {{cite web|last=DiGiulian |first=Tony |title=United States of America 16"/50 (40.6 cm) Mark 7 |url=http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNUS_16-50_mk7.htm |publisher=Navweaps.com |date=7 February 2008 |accessdate=7 January 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090107111605/http://www.navweaps.com//Weapons/WNUS_16-50_mk7.htm |archivedate=7 January 2009 |deadurl=no |df=dmy }} 4. ^{{cite web|last=DiGiulian |first=Tony |title=United States of America 12"/50 Mark 7 |url=http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNUS_12-50_mk7.htm |publisher=Navweaps.com |accessdate=2011-07-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110630225044/http://navweaps.com/Weapons/WNUS_12-50_mk7.htm |archivedate=30 June 2011 |deadurl=no |df=dmy }} 5. ^{{cite book|author =Dulin, Jr. Robert O.|author2 =Garzke, Jr. William H. | title=Battleships: United States Battleships in World War II |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oFv4gqBwF1UC&pg=PA179&dq=%22Alaska+class%22&sig=ACfU3U3J3x1aLjrTDtiIlIeKRz7CqAck3w#PPA190,M1 |publisher=Naval Institute Press |year=1976 |isbn=1-55750-174-2 |page=190| accessdate= 11 January 2009 }} External links{{Commons category|12"/50 caliber Mark 8 gun}}{{WWIIUSNavalWeapons}}{{DEFAULTSORT:12 50 caliber Mark 8 gun}} 3 : Naval guns of the United States|World War II naval weapons|305 mm artillery |
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