“1775 Zimmerwald”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

In May 2011, a rotational lightcurve of Zimmerwald was obtained by American astronomer Robert Stephens at the Center for Solar System Studies, California, using photometric observations taken at the Santana and Goat Mountain observatories ({{small|646, G79}}). Lightcurve analysis gave a very long rotation period of {{val|122|5}} hours with a change in brightness of 0.60 magnitude ({{small|U=2+}}). It is also suspected, that the body might be in a nonprincipal axis rotation, which is commonly known as "tumbling".^[10] While the slowest rotators have periods above 1000 hours, the majority of minor planets have periods shorter than 20 hours.

Diameter and albedo

According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Zimmerwald measures 10.17 and 10.70 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo between of 0.244 and 0.21, respectively (without preliminary results).^[5]^[8] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.21 – derived from 15 Eunomia, the family's largest member and namesake – and calculates a diameter of 11.03 kilometers using an absolute magnitude of 12.1.^[3]

Naming

This minor planet was named for the small village of Zimmerwald, location of the discovering Zimmerwald Observatory. It is located about seven miles south of the Swiss capital Bern, after which the binary asteroid 1313 Berna was named.^[2] The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center before November 1977 ({{small|M.P.C. 4155}}).^[32]

References

1. ^¹²³{{cite book |title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1775) Zimmerwald |last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D. |publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg |page = 142 |date = 2007 |isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 |doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1776 |chapter = (1775) Zimmerwald }}
2. ^¹²{{cite web |title = 1775 Zimmerwald (1969 JA) |work = Minor Planet Center |url = http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1775 |accessdate = 26 January 2017}}
3. ^¹{{cite web |title = MPC/MPO/MPS Archive |work = Minor Planet Center |url = http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html |accessdate = 26 January 2017}}
4. ^¹²{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero |first2 = A. K. |last2 = Mainzer |first3 = T. |last3 = Grav |first4 = J. M. |last4 = Bauer |first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri |first6 = J. |last6 = Dailey |first7 = P. R. M. |last7 = Eisenhardt |first8 = R. S. |last8 = McMillan |first9 = T. B. |last9 = Spahr |first10 = M. F. |last10 = Skrutskie |first11 = D. |last11 = Tholen |first12 = R. G. |last12 = Walker |first13 = E. L. |last13 = Wright |first14 = E. |last14 = DeBaun |first15 = D. |last15 = Elsbury |first16 = T., IV |last16 = Gautier |first17 = S. |last17 = Gomillion |first18 = A. |last18 = Wilkins |date = November 2011 |title = Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2011ApJ...741...68M |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 741 |issue = 2 |page = 20 |bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...68M |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/68 |arxiv = 1109.4096 |access-date= 26 January 2017}}
5. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶{{cite web |title = LCDB Data for (1775) Zimmerwald |publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB) |url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/GenerateALCDEFPage_Local.php?AstInfo=1775%7CZimmerwald |accessdate = 26 January 2017}}
6. ^¹²³⁴{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Fumihiko |last1 = Usui |first2 = Daisuke |last2 = Kuroda |first3 = Thomas G. |last3 = Müller |first4 = Sunao |last4 = Hasegawa |first5 = Masateru |last5 = Ishiguro |first6 = Takafumi |last6 = Ootsubo |first7 = Daisuke |last7 = Ishihara |first8 = Hirokazu |last8 = Kataza |first9 = Satoshi |last9 = Takita |first10 = Shinki |last10 = Oyabu |first11 = Munetaka |last11 = Ueno |first12 = Hideo |last12 = Matsuhara |first13 = Takashi |last13 = Onaka |date = October 2011 |title = Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey |url = http://pasj.oxfordjournals.org/content/63/5/1117.full.pdf+html |journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan |volume = 63 |issue = 5 |pages = 1117–1138 |bibcode = 2011PASJ...63.1117U |doi = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117 |access-date= 26 January 2017}}
7. ^¹²³{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = A. |last1 = Mainzer |first2 = T. |last2 = Grav |first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero |first4 = E. |last4 = Hand |first5 = J. |last5 = Bauer |first6 = D. |last6 = Tholen |first7 = R. S. |last7 = McMillan |first8 = T. |last8 = Spahr |first9 = R. M. |last9 = Cutri |first10 = E. |last10 = Wright |first11 = J. |last11 = Watkins |first12 = W. |last12 = Mo |first13 = C. |last13 = Maleszewski |date = November 2011 |title = NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 741 |issue = 2 |page = 25 |bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...90M |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90 |arxiv = 1109.6407 }}
8. ^¹²³⁴{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = C. R. |last1 = Nugent |first2 = A. |last2 = Mainzer |first3 = J. |last3 = Bauer |first4 = R. M. |last4 = Cutri |first5 = E. A. |last5 = Kramer |first6 = T. |last6 = Grav |first7 = J. |last7 = Masiero |first8 = S. |last8 = Sonnett |first9 = E. L. |last9 = Wright |date = September 2016 |title = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2016AJ....152...63N |journal = The Astronomical Journal |volume = 152 |issue = 3 |page = 12 |bibcode = 2016AJ....152...63N |doi = 10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63 |arxiv = 1606.08923 |access-date= 26 January 2017}}
9. ^¹²{{Cite journal |author = Stephens, Robert D. |date = October 2011 |title = Asteroids Observed from GMARS and Sanana Observatories: 2011 April - June |url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/252572425 |journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin |volume = 38 |issue = 4 |pages = 211–212 |issn = 1052-8091 |bibcode = 2011MPBu...38..211S |access-date= 26 January 2017}}
10. ^¹{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Peter |last1 = Veres |first2 = Robert |last2 = Jedicke |first3 = Alan |last3 = Fitzsimmons |first4 = Larry |last4 = Denneau |first5 = Mikael |last5 = Granvik |first6 = Bryce |last6 = Bolin |first7 = Serge |last7 = Chastel |first8 = Richard J. |last8 = Wainscoat |first9 = William S. |last9 = Burgett |first10 = Kenneth C. |last10 = Chambers |first11 = Heather |last11 = Flewelling |first12 = Nick |last12 = Kaiser |first13 = Eugen A. |last13 = Magnier |first14 = Jeff S. |last14 = Morgan |first15 = Paul A. |last15 = Price |first16 = John L. |last16 = Tonry |first17 = Christopher |last17 = Waters |date = November 2015 |title = Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V |journal = Icarus |volume = 261 |pages = 34–47 |bibcode = 2015Icar..261...34V |doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007 |arxiv = 1506.00762 |access-date= 26 January 2017}}

词条	1775 Zimmerwald
释义	Orbit and classification Physical characteristics Rotation period Diameter and albedo Naming References External links {{Infobox planet \| minorplanet = yes \| name = 1775 Zimmerwald \| background = #D6D6D6 \| image = \| image_size = \| caption = \| discovery_ref = \| discovered = 13 May 1969 \| discoverer = P. Wild \| discovery_site = Zimmerwald Obs. \| mpc_name = (1775) Zimmerwald \| alt_names = 1969 JA{{·}}{{mp\|1952 HB\|2}} 1952 HD{{·}}{{mp\|1953 TE\|2}} \| pronounced = \| named_after = Zimmerwald {{small\|(village; observatory)}}^[2] \| mp_category = main-belt{{·}}Eunomia ^[3] \| orbit_ref = \| epoch = 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5) \| uncertainty = 0 \| observation_arc = 67.20 yr (24,545 days) \| aphelion = 3.0866 AU \| perihelion = 2.1182 AU \| semimajor = 2.6024 AU \| eccentricity = 0.1861 \| period = 4.20 yr (1,533 days) \| mean_anomaly = 148.54° \| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS\|0.2348\|sup=ms}} / day \| inclination = 12.555° \| asc_node = 195.94° \| arg_peri = 84.725° \| dimensions = {{val\|10.17\|0.69}} km^[5] {{val\|10.232\|0.088}} km^[6]^[7] {{val\|10.70\|2.19}} km^[8] 11.03 km {{small\|(calculated)}}^[3] \| rotation = {{val\|122\|5}} h^[10] \| albedo = {{val\|0.21}} {{small\|(assumed)}}^[3] {{val\|0.21\|0.09}}^[8] {{val\|0.244\|0.041}}^[6]^[7] {{val\|0.247\|0.035}}^[5] \| spectral_type = S ^[3] \| abs_magnitude = {{val\|12.08\|0.31}}^[17]{{·}}12.1^[3]^[5]^[6]{{·}}12.26^[8] }}1775 Zimmerwald, provisional designation {{mp\|1969 JA}}, is a stony Eunomian asteroid and slow rotator from the middle region of the asteroid belt, approximately 10 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 13 May 1969, by Swiss astronomer Paul Wild at Zimmerwald Observatory near Bern, Switzerland.^[23] It is named for the village of Zimmerwald, where the discovering observatory is located.^[2] Orbit and classification Zimmerwald is a member of the Eunomia family, a large group of mostly stony S-type asteroids and the most prominent family in the intermediate main-belt, which is located between two prominent Kirkwood gaps. It orbits the Sun in the central main-belt at a distance of 2.1–3.1 AU once every 4 years and 2 months (1,533 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.19 and an inclination of 13° with respect to the ecliptic. The first precovery of Zimmerwald was taken at Palomar Observatory in 1949, extending the body's observation arc by 20 years prior to its official discovery observation at Zimmerwald. During the 1950s, it was also identified at Heidelberg, Goethe Link and McDonald Observatory.^[23] Physical characteristics Rotation period In May 2011, a rotational lightcurve of Zimmerwald was obtained by American astronomer Robert Stephens at the Center for Solar System Studies, California, using photometric observations taken at the Santana and Goat Mountain observatories ({{small\|646, G79}}). Lightcurve analysis gave a very long rotation period of {{val\|122\|5}} hours with a change in brightness of 0.60 magnitude ({{small\|U=2+}}). It is also suspected, that the body might be in a nonprincipal axis rotation, which is commonly known as "tumbling".^[10] While the slowest rotators have periods above 1000 hours, the majority of minor planets have periods shorter than 20 hours. Diameter and albedo According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Zimmerwald measures 10.17 and 10.70 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo between of 0.244 and 0.21, respectively (without preliminary results).^[5]^[8] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.21 – derived from 15 Eunomia, the family's largest member and namesake – and calculates a diameter of 11.03 kilometers using an absolute magnitude of 12.1.^[3] Naming This minor planet was named for the small village of Zimmerwald, location of the discovering Zimmerwald Observatory. It is located about seven miles south of the Swiss capital Bern, after which the binary asteroid 1313 Berna was named.^[2] The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center before November 1977 ({{small\|M.P.C. 4155}}).^[32] References 1. ^¹²³{{cite book \|title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1775) Zimmerwald \|last = Schmadel \| first = Lutz D. \|publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg \|page = 142 \|date = 2007 \|isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 \|doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1776 \|chapter = (1775) Zimmerwald }} 2. ^¹²{{cite web \|title = 1775 Zimmerwald (1969 JA) \|work = Minor Planet Center \|url = http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1775 \|accessdate = 26 January 2017}} 3. ^¹{{cite web \|title = MPC/MPO/MPS Archive \|work = Minor Planet Center \|url = http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html \|accessdate = 26 January 2017}} 4. ^¹²{{cite journal \|display-authors = 6 \|first1 = Joseph R. \|last1 = Masiero \|first2 = A. K. \|last2 = Mainzer \|first3 = T. \|last3 = Grav \|first4 = J. M. \|last4 = Bauer \|first5 = R. M. \|last5 = Cutri \|first6 = J. \|last6 = Dailey \|first7 = P. R. M. \|last7 = Eisenhardt \|first8 = R. S. \|last8 = McMillan \|first9 = T. B. \|last9 = Spahr \|first10 = M. F. \|last10 = Skrutskie \|first11 = D. \|last11 = Tholen \|first12 = R. G. \|last12 = Walker \|first13 = E. L. \|last13 = Wright \|first14 = E. \|last14 = DeBaun \|first15 = D. \|last15 = Elsbury \|first16 = T., IV \|last16 = Gautier \|first17 = S. \|last17 = Gomillion \|first18 = A. \|last18 = Wilkins \|date = November 2011 \|title = Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters \|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2011ApJ...741...68M \|journal = The Astrophysical Journal \|volume = 741 \|issue = 2 \|page = 20 \|bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...68M \|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/68 \|arxiv = 1109.4096 \|access-date= 26 January 2017}} 5. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶{{cite web \|title = LCDB Data for (1775) Zimmerwald \|publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB) \|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/GenerateALCDEFPage_Local.php?AstInfo=1775%7CZimmerwald \|accessdate = 26 January 2017}} 6. ^¹²³⁴{{cite journal \|display-authors = 6 \|first1 = Fumihiko \|last1 = Usui \|first2 = Daisuke \|last2 = Kuroda \|first3 = Thomas G. \|last3 = Müller \|first4 = Sunao \|last4 = Hasegawa \|first5 = Masateru \|last5 = Ishiguro \|first6 = Takafumi \|last6 = Ootsubo \|first7 = Daisuke \|last7 = Ishihara \|first8 = Hirokazu \|last8 = Kataza \|first9 = Satoshi \|last9 = Takita \|first10 = Shinki \|last10 = Oyabu \|first11 = Munetaka \|last11 = Ueno \|first12 = Hideo \|last12 = Matsuhara \|first13 = Takashi \|last13 = Onaka \|date = October 2011 \|title = Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey \|url = http://pasj.oxfordjournals.org/content/63/5/1117.full.pdf+html \|journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan \|volume = 63 \|issue = 5 \|pages = 1117–1138 \|bibcode = 2011PASJ...63.1117U \|doi = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117 \|access-date= 26 January 2017}} 7. ^¹²³{{cite journal \|display-authors = 6 \|first1 = A. \|last1 = Mainzer \|first2 = T. \|last2 = Grav \|first3 = J. \|last3 = Masiero \|first4 = E. \|last4 = Hand \|first5 = J. \|last5 = Bauer \|first6 = D. \|last6 = Tholen \|first7 = R. S. \|last7 = McMillan \|first8 = T. \|last8 = Spahr \|first9 = R. M. \|last9 = Cutri \|first10 = E. \|last10 = Wright \|first11 = J. \|last11 = Watkins \|first12 = W. \|last12 = Mo \|first13 = C. \|last13 = Maleszewski \|date = November 2011 \|title = NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results \|journal = The Astrophysical Journal \|volume = 741 \|issue = 2 \|page = 25 \|bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...90M \|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90 \|arxiv = 1109.6407 }} 8. ^¹²³⁴{{cite journal \|display-authors = 6 \|first1 = C. R. \|last1 = Nugent \|first2 = A. \|last2 = Mainzer \|first3 = J. \|last3 = Bauer \|first4 = R. M. \|last4 = Cutri \|first5 = E. A. \|last5 = Kramer \|first6 = T. \|last6 = Grav \|first7 = J. \|last7 = Masiero \|first8 = S. \|last8 = Sonnett \|first9 = E. L. \|last9 = Wright \|date = September 2016 \|title = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos \|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2016AJ....152...63N \|journal = The Astronomical Journal \|volume = 152 \|issue = 3 \|page = 12 \|bibcode = 2016AJ....152...63N \|doi = 10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63 \|arxiv = 1606.08923 \|access-date= 26 January 2017}} 9. ^¹²{{Cite journal \|author = Stephens, Robert D. \|date = October 2011 \|title = Asteroids Observed from GMARS and Sanana Observatories: 2011 April - June \|url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/252572425 \|journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin \|volume = 38 \|issue = 4 \|pages = 211–212 \|issn = 1052-8091 \|bibcode = 2011MPBu...38..211S \|access-date= 26 January 2017}} 10. ^¹{{cite journal \|display-authors = 6 \|first1 = Peter \|last1 = Veres \|first2 = Robert \|last2 = Jedicke \|first3 = Alan \|last3 = Fitzsimmons \|first4 = Larry \|last4 = Denneau \|first5 = Mikael \|last5 = Granvik \|first6 = Bryce \|last6 = Bolin \|first7 = Serge \|last7 = Chastel \|first8 = Richard J. \|last8 = Wainscoat \|first9 = William S. \|last9 = Burgett \|first10 = Kenneth C. \|last10 = Chambers \|first11 = Heather \|last11 = Flewelling \|first12 = Nick \|last12 = Kaiser \|first13 = Eugen A. \|last13 = Magnier \|first14 = Jeff S. \|last14 = Morgan \|first15 = Paul A. \|last15 = Price \|first16 = John L. \|last16 = Tonry \|first17 = Christopher \|last17 = Waters \|date = November 2015 \|title = Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results \|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V \|journal = Icarus \|volume = 261 \|pages = 34–47 \|bibcode = 2015Icar..261...34V \|doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007 \|arxiv = 1506.00762 \|access-date= 26 January 2017}} ^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10] }} External links Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info) [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000) – Minor Planet Center {{AstDys\|1775}} {{JPL small body}} {{Minor planets navigator \|1774 Kulikov \|number=1775 \|1776 Kuiper}}{{Small Solar System bodies}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Zimmerwald}} 7 : Eunomia asteroids\|Discoveries by Paul Wild (Swiss astronomer)\|Minor planets named for places\|Named minor planets\|Slow rotating minor planets\|S-type asteroids\|Astronomical objects discovered in 1969
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Orbit and classification

Physical characteristics

Rotation period

Diameter and albedo

Naming

References

External links