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词条 1792 and 1793 United States Senate elections
释义

  1. Results summary

  2. Change in Senate composition

      Before the elections    Results of the election    Beginning of the next Congress  

  3. Race summaries

      Elections during the 2nd Congress    Races leading to the 3rd Congress    Election in 1793 during the 3rd Congress  

  4. Pennsylvania

  5. See also

  6. References

  7. External links

{{For|related races|United States elections, 1792}}{{Infobox election
| election_name = United States Senate elections, 1792 and 1793
| country = United States
| flag_year = 1777
| type = legislative
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = United States Senate elections, 1790 and 1791
| previous_year = 1790/91
| next_election = United States Senate elections, 1794 and 1795
| next_year = 1794/95
| seats_for_election = 10 of the 30 seats in the United States Senate
(as well as special elections)
| majority_seats = 16
| election_date = Dates vary by state
| 1blank = Seats up
| 2blank = Races won
| party1 = Pro-Administration Party (United States)
| last_election1 = 16 seats
| seats_before1 = 17
| seats_after1 = 18
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 1
| 1data1 = 4
| 2data1 = 5
| party2 = Anti-Administration Party (United States)
| last_election2 = 9
| seats_before2 = 10
| seats_after2 = 11
| seat_change2 = {{increase}} 1
| 1data2 = 6
| 2data2 = 5
| title = Majority faction
| before_election = Pro-Administration
| after_election = Pro-Administration
}}

The United States Senate elections of 1792 and 1793 were elections of United States Senators that coincided with President George Washington's unanimous re-election. In these elections, terms were up for the ten senators in class 2.

Formal organized political parties had yet to form in the United States, but two political factions were present: The coalition of Senators who supported George Washington's administration were known as the Pro-Administration Party, and the Senators against him as the Anti-Administration Party. As these elections were prior to ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment, Senators were chosen by State legislatures.

Results summary

Senate Party Division, 3rd Congress (1793–1795)

  • Majority Party: Pro-Administration Party (16)
  • Minority Party: Anti-Administration Party (13)
  • Other Parties: 0
  • Total Seats: 30
  • Vacant: 1 (later filled by Pro-Administration)

Change in Senate composition

Note: There were no political parties in this Congress. Members are informally grouped into factions of similar interest, based on an analysis of their voting record.[1]

Before the elections

After the June 1792 admission of Kentucky.

A{{Sub|5}}A{{Sub|4}}A{{Sub|3}}A{{Sub|2}}A{{Sub|1}}
A{{Sub|6}}A{{Sub|7
{{Small|Ran		A{{Sub|8
{{Small|Ran		A{{Sub|9
{{Small|Ran		A{{Sub|10
{{Small|Ran		A{{Sub|11
{{Small|Ran		A{{Sub|12
{{Small|Unknown		V{{Sub|1}}P{{Sub|17
{{Small|Retired		P{{Sub|16
{{Small|Unknown
Majority →
P{{Sub|6}}P{{Sub|7}}P{{Sub|8}}P{{Sub|9}}P{{Sub|10}}P{{Sub|11}}P{{Sub|12}}P{{Sub|13}}P{{Sub|14
{{Small|Ran		P{{Sub|15
{{Small|Ran
P{{Sub|5}}P{{Sub|4}}P{{Sub|3}}P{{Sub|2}}P{{Sub|1}}

Results of the election

A{{sub|5}}A{{sub|4}}A{{sub|3}}A{{sub|2}}A{{sub|1}}
A{{sub|6}}A{{sub|7
{{small|Re-elected		A{{sub|8
{{small|Re-elected		A{{sub|9
{{small|Re-elected		A{{sub|10
{{small|Hold		A{{sub|11
{{small|Gain		V{{sub|1}}P{{sub|18
{{small|Gain		P{{sub|17
{{small|Gain		P{{sub|16
{{small|Hold
Majority →
P{{sub|6}}P{{sub|7}}P{{sub|8}}P{{sub|9}}P{{sub|10}}P{{sub|11}}P{{sub|12}}P{{sub|13}}P{{sub|14
{{small|Re-elected		P{{sub|15
{{small|Hold
P{{sub|5}}P{{sub|4}}P{{sub|3}}P{{sub|2}}P{{sub|1}}

Beginning of the next Congress

Two Pro-Administration senators became Anti-Administration.

The vacant seat was filled February 28, 1793 by an Anti-Administration senator; he was sworn in December 1793, but his service began upon election.

A{{Sub|5}}A{{Sub|4}}A{{Sub|3}}A{{Sub|2}}A{{Sub|1}}
A{{Sub|6}}A{{Sub|7}}A{{Sub|8}}A{{Sub|9}}A{{Sub|10}}A{{Sub|11}}A{{Sub|12
{{Small|Gain		A{{Sub|13
{{Small|Changed		A{{Sub|14
{{Small|Changed		P{{Sub|16}}
Majority →
P{{Sub|6}}P{{Sub|7}}P{{Sub|8}}P{{Sub|9}}P{{Sub|10}}P{{Sub|11}}P{{Sub|12}}P{{Sub|13}}P{{Sub|14}}P{{Sub|15}}
P{{Sub|5}}P{{Sub|4}}P{{Sub|3}}P{{Sub|2}}P{{Sub|1}}
Key:
A{{Sub|#}} Anti-Administration
P{{Sub|#}} Pro-Administration
V{{Sub|#}} Vacant

Race summaries

Except if/when noted, the number following candidates is the whole number vote(s), not a percentage.

Elections during the 2nd Congress

In these elections, the winner was seated before March 4, 1793; ordered by election date.

StateIncumbentResultsCandidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Kentucky
(Class 2)		New seatKentucky was admitted to the Union June 1, 1792.
Winner elected June 18, 1792.
Anti-Administration gain.		√ John Brown (Anti-Administration)
{{dm}}
Kentucky
(Class 3)		New seatKentucky was admitted to the Union June 1, 1792.
Winner elected June 18, 1792.
Anti-Administration gain.		√ John Edwards (Anti-Administration)
{{dm}}
Virginia
(Class 2)		 Richard Henry LeeAnti-Administration 1788Incumbent resigned October 8, 1792.
Winner elected October 18, 1792.
Anti-Administration hold.		√ John Taylor (Anti-Administration) 90
Arthur Lee 39
Francis Corbin 33[2]
Maryland
(Class 1)		 Charles CarrollPro-Administration 1788Incumbent resigned November 30, 1792.
Winner elected January 10, 1793.
Pro-Administration hold.		√ Richard Potts (Pro-Administration)
{{dm}}
Pennsylvania
(Class 1)		VacantLegislature had failed to elect in 1791-1792, leaving the seat vacant.
Winner elected February 28, 1793.
Anti-Administration gain.		√ Albert Gallatin (Anti-Administration) 45
Henry Miller (Pro-Administration) 35
Arthur St. Clair (Anti-Administration) 1
William Irvine (Anti-Administration) 1[3]

Races leading to the 3rd Congress

In these general elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1793; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.

StateIncumbentResultsCandidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Delaware Richard BassettPro-Administration 1788Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election.
Winner elected in 1793.
Pro-Administration hold.		√ John Vining (Pro-Administration)
{{dm}}
Georgia William FewAnti-Administration 1789Incumbent lost re-election.
Winner elected in 1793.
Anti-Administration hold.		√ James Jackson (Anti-Administration) 35
William Few 5
George Mathews 1[4]
Kentucky John BrownAnti-Administration(New state)}} Incumbent re-elected December 11, 1792.√ John Brown (Anti-Administration) Unanimous[5]
Massachusetts Caleb StrongPro-Administration 1789 Incumbent re-elected in 1793.√ Caleb Strong (Pro-Administration)
{{dm}}
New Hampshire Paine WingateAnti-Administration 1788Incumbent lost re-election.
Winner elected in 1792.
Pro-Administration gain.		√ Samuel Livermore (Pro-Administration)
Paine Wingate (Federalist) 28
Nathaniel Peabody 8
Abiel Foster (Federalist) 1[6]
New Jersey Philemon DickinsonPro-Administration(Special)}}Incumbent retired.
Winner's election date unknown.
Pro-Administration hold.		√ Frederick Frelinghuysen (Pro-Administration)
{{dm}}
North Carolina Samuel JohnstonPro-Administration 1789Incumbent lost re-election.
Winner elected in 1792.[7]
Anti-Administration gain.		√ Alexander Martin (Anti-Administration) 42
John Leigh 34
Thomas Blount 31
John Steele 31
Gaiter 28
Samuel Johnston (Pro-Administration) 1
William Lenoir 1
Alfred Moore 1
Richard Dobbs Spaight 1
Willie Jones 0
Rhode Island Joseph Stanton, Jr.Anti-Administration 1790Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election.
Winner elected in 1793.
Pro-Administration gain.		√ William Bradford (Pro-Administration)
{{dm}}
South Carolina Pierce ButlerAnti-Administration 1789 Incumbent re-elected December 5, 1792.√ Pierce Butler (Anti-Administration) 118
Charles Pinckney 8
Zachariah Horskins 2
John Little Ward 2
John Baxter 1
John E. Colhoun 1
Adam C. Jones 1
Jacob Read (Federalist) 1[8]
Virginia John TaylorAnti-Administration(Special)}} Incumbent re-elected in 1793.√ John Taylor (Anti-Administration)
{{dm}}

Election in 1793 during the 3rd Congress

In this special election, the winner was seated after March 4, 1793, the beginning of the next Congress.

StateIncumbentResultsCandidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Connecticut
(Class 3)		 Roger ShermanPro-Administration(Special)}}Incumbent died July 23, 1793.
Winner elected December 2, 1793.
Pro-Administration hold.		√ Stephen Mitchell (Pro-Administration)
{{dm}}

Pennsylvania

{{Main|United States Senate election in Pennsylvania, 1793}}{{See also|List of United States Senators from Pennsylvania}}

There was a late election on February 28, 1793 for the Class 1 seat from Pennsylvania. Incumbent William Maclay's term had ended on March 3, 1791, but the legislature failed to elect a successor due to a disagreement on the procedure to be followed in the election.

The seat remained vacant until Albert Gallatin was elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the seat during this election.[9]

Upon agreement between the two houses of the Pennsylvania General Assembly, the House of Representatives and the Senate, regarding the procedure to elect a new Senator, an election was finally held on February 28, 1793. The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows:

{{Election box begin no change| title=State Legislature Results[9]}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
| party = Anti-Administration Party (United States)
| candidate = Albert Gallatin
| votes = 45
| percentage = 51.72
| change =
}}{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| party = Pro-Administration Party (United States)
| candidate = Henry Miller
| votes = 35
| percentage = 40.23
| change =
}}{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| party = Pro-Administration Party (United States)
| candidate = Arthur St. Clair
| votes = 1
| percentage = 1.15
| change =
}}{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| party = Pro-Administration Party (United States)
| candidate = William Irvine
| votes = 1
| percentage = 1.15
| change =
}}{{Election box candidate no change
| party = N/A
| candidate = Not voting
| votes = 5
| percentage = 5.75
| change =
}}
|-
|-bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
| colspan="3" align="right" | Totals
| align="right" | 87
| align="right" | 100.00%
|}

On February 28, 1794, the Senate determined that Gallatin did not satisfy the citizenship requirement for service and he was removed from office. He later went on to serve in the U.S. House of Representatives. Gallatin was replaced in the Senate by a special election in 1794.[10]

See also

  • United States elections, 1792
    • United States presidential election, 1792
    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1792
  • 2nd United States Congress
  • 3rd United States Congress

References

1. ^{{cite book |title = The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress |last = Martis |first = Kenneth C.}}
2. ^{{cite web | publisher=Tufts University Digital Collections and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | title=Virginia 1792 U.S. Senate, Special | url=https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:va.ussenate.special.1792 | access-date=January 24, 2018}} (referencing Mattern, David B., J. C. A. Stagg, Jeanne K. Cross and Susan Holbrook Perdue, ed. The Papers of James Madison, Congressional Series. Vol. 14. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press, 1983. 392.)
3. ^{{cite web | publisher=Tufts University Digital Collections and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | title= Pennsylvania 1793 U.S. Senate | url=https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:pa.ussenate.1793 | access-date=January 24, 2018}} (referencing The Pennsylvania Journal and the Weekly Advertiser (Philadelphia, PA). March 6, 1793)
4. ^{{cite web | publisher=Tufts University Digital Collections and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | title= Georgia 1792 U.S. Senate | url=https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ga.ussenate.1792 | access-date=January 24, 2018}} (referencing The Augusta Chronicle and Gazette of the State (Augusta, GA). December 1, 1792.)
5. ^{{cite web | publisher=Tufts University Digital Collections and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | title= Kentucky 1792 U.S. Senate | url=https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ky.ussenate.1792 | access-date=January 24, 2018}} (referencing The Mirrour (Concord, NH). January 28, 1793.; Election of United States Senators by the General Assembly (typed manuscript). Kentucky Historical Society, Frankfort.)
6. ^{{cite web | publisher=Tufts University Digital Collections and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | title= New Hampshire 1792 U.S. Senate | url=https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nh.ussenate.1792 | access-date=January 24, 2018}} (referencing Osborne's Newhampshire Spy (Portsmouth, NH). June 23, 1792.)
7. ^{{cite web | publisher=Tufts University Digital Collections and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | title= North Carolina 1792 U.S. Senate | url=https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nc.ussenator1.1792 | access-date=January 24, 2018}} (referencing Legislative Papers. State Archives of North Carolina, Raleigh.; Legislative Papers 1792 Box 119. State Archives of North Carolina, Raleigh.)
8. ^{{cite web | publisher=Tufts University Digital Collections and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | title=South Carolina 1792 U.S. Senate | url=https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:sc.ussenate.1792 | access-date=January 24, 2018}} (referencing "Rough House Journals.")
9. ^1 {{cite web|title=U.S. Senate Election - 28 February 1793|url=http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/harold.cox/sen/PaSen1793.pdf|publisher=Wilkes University|accessdate=December 21, 2012}}
10. ^{{cite web|title=GALLATIN, Albert, (1761 - 1849)|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=G000020|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=December 21, 2012}}

External links

  • [https://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/history/one_item_and_teasers/partydiv.htm Party Division in the Senate, 1789–present] via Senate.gov
{{United States Senate elections}}

2 : 1792 United States Senate elections|1793 United States Senate elections
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