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词条 1800 and 1801 United States Senate elections
释义

  1. Change in Senate composition

      Before the elections    Result of the elections    Beginning of the 7th Congress    Later in the 7th Congress (end of 1801)  

  2. Race summaries

      Special elections during the preceding Congress    Races leading to the next Congress    Special elections during the next Congress  

  3. See also

  4. References

{{For|related races|United States elections, 1800}}{{Infobox election
| election_name = United States Senate elections, 1800 and 1801
| country = United States
| flag_year = 1795
| type = legislative
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = United States Senate elections, 1798 and 1799
| previous_year = 1798/99
| next_election = United States Senate elections, 1802 and 1803
| next_year = 1802/03
| seats_for_election = 10 of the 32 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections)
| majority_seats = 17
| election_date = Dates vary by state
| image_size = 100px
| 1blank = Seats up
| 2blank = Races won
| image1 =
| party1 = Federalist Party
| seats_before1 = 21 (65.6%)
| seats_after1 = 17 (54.8%)
| seat_change1 = {{decrease}} 4
| 1data1 = 7
| 2data1 = 3
| image2 =
| party2 = Democratic-Republican Party
| seats_before2 = 11 (34.4%)
| seats_after2 = 14 (45.2%)
| seat_change2 = {{increase}} 3
| 1data2 = 3
| 2data2 = 6
| title = Majority party
| before_election = Federalist
| after_election = Federalist
}}

The United States Senate elections of 1800 and 1801 were elections for the United States Senate that, coinciding with their takeover of the White House, led to the Democratic-Republican Party taking control of the United States Senate. Although the Federalists began the next (7th) Congress with a slim majority, they lost their majority shortly thereafter due to mid-year special elections.

As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by State legislatures.

Change in Senate composition

Before the elections

After the November 6, 1800 special election in New York.

DR6DR5DR4DR3DR2DR1
DR7DR8DR9
Ran		DR10
Ran		DR11
Retired		F21
Retired		F20
Retired		F19
Unknown		F18
Ran		F17
Ran
Majority →
F16
Ran
F7F8F9F10F11F12F13F14F15
Ran
F6F5F4F3F2F1

Result of the elections

DR6DR5DR4DR3DR2DR1
DR7DR8DR9
Re-elected		DR10
Hold		DR11
Gain		DR12
Gain		DR13
Gain		DR14
Gain		V1
F loss		F17
Gain
Majority →
F16
Re-elected
F7F8F9F10F11F12F13F14F15
Re-elected
F6F5F4F3F2F1

Beginning of the 7th Congress

DR6DR5DR4DR3DR2DR1
DR7DR8DR9DR10DR11DR12DR13DR14DR15F17
Majority →
F16
F7F8F9F10F11F12F13F14F15
F6F5F4F3F2F1

Later in the 7th Congress (end of 1801)

DR6DR5DR4DR3DR2DR1
DR7DR8DR9DR10DR11DR12DR13DR14
Hold		DR15
Hold		DR16
Gain
Majority →
DR17
Gain
F7F8F9F10F11F12F13F14
Hold		DR18
Gain
F6F5F4F3F2F1
Key:
DR# Democratic-Republican
F# Federalist
V# Vacant

Race summaries

Except if/when noted, the number following candidates is the whole number vote(s), not a percentage.

Special elections during the preceding Congress

In these special elections, the winner was seated before March 4, 1801; ordered by election date.

StateIncumbentResultsCandidates
Senator Party Electoral
history
New York
(Class 1)		 James WatsonFederalist 1798 (Special)Incumbent resigned March 19, 1800, to become Naval Officer of the Port of New York.
New senator elected April 3, 1800.
Federalist hold.		√ Gouverneur Morris (Federalist) 79 (56.8%)
Peter Gansevoort (Democratic-Republican) 59 (42.4%)
Thomas Morris 1 (0.7%)[1]
Massachusetts
(Class 2)		 Samuel DexterFederalist 1798Incumbent resigned May 30, 1800 to become U.S. Secretary of War.
New senator elected June 6, 1800.
Federalist hold.		√ Dwight Foster (Federalist) 158 (100%)[2]
New York
(Class 3)		 John LauranceFederalist 1796 (Special)Incumbent resigned August 1800.
New senator elected November 6, 1800.
Democratic-Republican gain.		√ John Armstrong (Democratic-Republican) 141 (98.7%)
Peter Gansevoort (Democratic-Republican) 2 (1.3%)[3]
Massachusetts
(Class 1)		 Benjamin GoodhueFederalist 1796 (Special)
1796		Incumbent resigned November 8, 1800.
New senator elected November 14, 1800.
Federalist hold.		√ Jonathan Mason (Federalist)
{{dm}}
Maryland
(Class 3)		 James LloydFederalist 1797 (Special)Incumbent resigned December 1, 1800.
New senator elected December 12, 1800.
Federalist hold.		√ William Hindman (Federalist) 49 (55.1%)
Richard T. Earle (Democratic-Republican) 40 (44.9%)[4]
New Jersey
(Class 1)		 James SchuremanFederalist 1799 (Special)Incumbent resigned February 16, 1801.
New senator elected February 28, 1801.
Federalist hold.		√ Aaron Ogden (Federalist)
{{dm}}

Races leading to the next Congress

In these general elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1801; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.

StateIncumbentResultsCandidates
Senator Party Electoral
history
Connecticut Uriah TracyFederalist 1796 (Special) Incumbent re-elected in May 1801.√ Uriah Tracy (Federalist) 131
Asher Miller (Democratic-Republican) 30
Roger Griswold (Federalist) 10
Ephraim Kirby (Democratic-Republican) 6
Chauncey Goodrich 3
Stephen T. Hosmer 1[5]
Georgia James GunnFederalist 1789
1794		Incumbent retired.
New senator elected November 19, 1800.
Democratic-Republican gain.		√ James Jackson (Democratic-Republican) 58
Thomas P. Carnes (Federalist) 9[6]
Kentucky Humphrey MarshallFederalist 1794Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected November 20, 1800.
Democratic-Republican gain.		√ John Breckinridge (Democratic-Republican) 68
John Adair (Federalist) 13[7]
Maryland William HindmanFederalist 1797 (Special) Legislature failed to elect.
Incumbent was later appointed to begin the next term.		None.
New Hampshire John LangdonDemocratic-
Republican		 1788
1794 or 1795		Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected June 21, 1800.
Federalist gain.		√ James Sheafe (Federalist) 83
John Langdon (Democratic-Republican) 12
Other 38[8]
New York John ArmstrongDemocratic-
Republican		 1800 (Special) Incumbent re-elected January 27, 1801.√ John Armstrong (Democratic-Republican) 76
Unanimous[9]
North Carolina Timothy BloodworthDemocratic-
Republican		 1795Incumbent retired.
New senator elected November 27, 1800.
Democratic-Republican hold.		√ David Stone (Democratic-Republican) 94
William R. Davie (Federalist) 72
Richard D. Spaight 8
Matthew Locke (Democratic-Republican) 1[10]
Pennsylvania William BinghamFederalist 1795Incumbent retired.
New senator elected February 18, 1801.[11]
Democratic-Republican gain.		√ Peter Muhlenberg (Democratic-Republican) 50.0%
George Logan (Democratic-Republican) 48.9%
William Jones (Democratic-Republican) 1.0%
South Carolina Jacob ReadFederalist 1794Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected in 1800 on the second ballot.
Democratic-Republican gain.		√ John E. Colhoun (Democratic-Republican) 75
John Ward (Federalist) 73[12]
Vermont Elijah PaineFederalist 1794 Incumbent re-elected October 21, 1800.√ Elijah Paine (Federalist) 108
S. R. Bradley (Democratic-Republican) 68
N. Niles 3
Chamberlain 2
Hall 1[13]

Special elections during the next Congress

In these special elections, the winner was seated after March 4, 1801; ordered by election date.

StateIncumbentResultsCandidates
Senator Party Electoral
history
Rhode Island
(Class 2)		 Ray GreeneFederalist 1797 (Special)
1798		Incumbent resigned March 5, 1801.
New senator elected May 6, 1801.
Democratic-Republican gain.		√ Christopher Ellery (Democratic-Republican)
{{dm}}
New Hampshire
(Class 2)		 Samuel LivermoreFederalist 1798 (Special)Incumbent resigned June 12, 1801.
New senator elected June 17, 1801.
Federalist hold.		√ Simeon Olcott (Federalist) 97
John Langdon 56
Others 4[14]
Vermont
(Class 3)		 Elijah PaineFederalist 1794
1800		Incumbent resigned September 1, 1801.
New senator elected October 14, 1801.
Democratic-Republican gain.		√ Stephen R. Bradley (Democratic-Republican) 102
William Chamberlain (Federalist) 85
Nathaniel Niles (Democratic-Republican) 1[15]
Maryland
(Class 3)		 William HindmanFederalist 1800 (Appointed)Incumbent appointee did not run to finish the term
New senator elected November 12, 1801 on the second ballot.
Democratic-Republican gain.		√ Robert Wright (Democratic-Republican) 60
William Winder (Federalist) 26[16]
South Carolina
(Class 2)		 Charles PinckneyDemocratic-
Republican		 1798 (Special)
1798		Incumbent resigned June 6, 1801.
New senator elected December 3, 1801.
Democratic-Republican hold.		√ Thomas Sumter (Democratic-Republican) 90
John Rutledge (Federalist) 47
Thomas Evans 1[17]
Pennsylvania
(Class 3)		 Peter MuhlenbergDemocratic-
Republican		 1801Incumbent resigned June 30, 1801.
New senator elected December 17, 1801.[18]
Democratic-Republican hold.		√ George Logan (Democratic-Republican) 63.6%
Joseph Hiester (Federalist) 28.0%
Other 8.4%

See also

  • United States elections, 1800
    • United States presidential election, 1800
    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1800
  • 6th United States Congress
  • 7th United States Congress

References

1. ^{{cite web | publisher= Tufts University | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | accessdate=January 25, 2018 | title=New York 1800 U.S. Senate, Special | url=https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ny.ussenate.1800}}, citing Journal of the New York Assembly, 1800. 265. The Albany Centinel (Albany, NY). April 4, 1800. Aurora. General Advertiser (Philadelphia, PA). April 10, 1800. The Centinel of Liberty, or George-town and Washington Advertiser (Georgetown, DC). April 15, 1800.
2. ^{{cite web | publisher= Tufts University | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | accessdate=January 25, 2018 | title=Massachusetts 1800 U.S. Senate, Special | url=https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ma.ussenate.1800}}, citing Hampshire Gazette (Northhampton). June 11, 1800. The Kentucky Gazette (Lexington, KY). July 3, 1800.
3. ^{{cite web | publisher= Tufts University | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | accessdate=January 25, 2018 | title=New York 1800 U.S. Senate, Special | url=https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ny.ussenate1.1800}}, citing Journal of the New York Assembly, 1800. 10, 11. Journal of the New York State Senate, 1800. 8. American Citizen and General Advertiser (New York, NY). November 10, 1800. The Centinel of Freedom (Newark, NJ). November 11, 1800. Columbian Museum and Savannah Advertiser (Savannah, GA). November 19, 1800. Universal Gazette (Washington, DC). November 20, 1800.
4. ^{{cite web | publisher= Tufts University | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | accessdate=January 25, 2018 | title=Maryland 1800 U.S. Senate, Special | url=https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:md.ussenator.1800}}, citing Votes and Proceedings of the Maryland State Senate, 1800. 26. Connecticut Gazette, and the Commercial Intelligencer (New London, CT). December 24, 1800. Mattern, David B., J. C. A. Stagg, Jeanne K. Cross and Susan Holbrook Perdue, ed. The Papers of James Madison, Congressional Series. Vol. 17. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press, 1991. 435-436.
5. ^{{cite web | publisher= Tufts University | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | accessdate=February 5, 2018 | title=Connecticut 1801 U.S. Senate | url=https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ct.ussenator.1801}}, citing Connecticut Gazette, and the Commercial Intelligencer (New London, CT). May 17, 1801. Impartial Journal (Stonington, CT). June 2, 1801. The Bee (New London, CT). June 3, 1801. The Bee (Hudson, NY). November 16, 1802.
6. ^{{cite web | publisher= Tufts University | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | accessdate=February 5, 2018 | title=Georgia 1800 U.S. Senate | url=https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ga.ussenate.1800}}, citing Columbian Museum and Savannah Advertiser (Savannah, GA). November 25, 1800.
7. ^{{cite web | publisher= Tufts University | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | accessdate=February 5, 2018 | title=Kentucky 1800 U.S. Senate | url=https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ky.ussenate.1800}}, citing The Palladium: A Literary and Political Weekly Repository (Frankfort, KY). November 25, 1800.
8. ^{{cite web | publisher= Tufts University | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | accessdate=February 5, 2018 | title=New Hampshire 1800 U.S. Senate | url=https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nh.ussenator.1800}}, citing The Ninth State: New Hampshire's Formative Years. 182.
9. ^{{cite web | publisher= Tufts University | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | accessdate=February 5, 2018 | title= New York 1801 U.S. Senate | url=https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ny.ussenate.1801}}, citing The Albany Centinel (Albany, NY). January 30, 1801.
10. ^{{cite web | publisher= Tufts University | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | accessdate=February 5, 2018 | title= New York 1801 U.S. Senate | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nc.ussenator.1800}}, citing Legislative Papers for 1800. Box 176. State Archives of North Carolina, Raleigh. Raleigh Register, and North-Carolina Weekly Advertiser (Raleigh, NC). December 2, 1800.
11. ^http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=345434
12. ^{{cite web | publisher= Tufts University | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | accessdate=February 5, 2018 | title=South Carolina 1800 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2 | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:sc.ussenate.second.1800}}, citing National Intelligencer and Washington Advertiser (Washington, DC). December 15, 1800.
13. ^{{cite web | publisher= Tufts University | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | accessdate=February 4, 2018 | title=Vermont 1800 U.S. Senate | url=https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:vt.ussenate.1800}}, citing Journal of the New York Assembly, 1800. 265. The Albany Centinel (Albany, NY). April 4, 1800. Aurora. General Advertiser (Philadelphia, PA). April 10, 1800. The Centinel of Liberty, or George-town and Washington Advertiser (Georgetown, DC). April 15, 1800.
14. ^{{cite web | publisher= Tufts University | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | accessdate=February 5, 2018 | title= New Hampshire 1801 U.S. Senate, Special | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nh.ussenator.1801}}, citing Courier of New Hampshire (Concord, NH). June 18, 1801.
15. ^{{cite web | publisher= Tufts University | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | accessdate=February 5, 2018 | title= New Hampshire 1801 U.S. Senate, Special | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:vt.ussenate.1801}}, citing Spooner's Vermont Journal (Windsor, VT). October 20, 1801.
16. ^{{cite web | publisher= Tufts University | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | accessdate= February 4, 2018 | title= Maryland 1801 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2 | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:md.us.senator.second.ballot.1801}}, citing The Albany Gazette (Albany, NY). November 21, 1796.
17. ^{{cite web | publisher= Tufts University | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | accessdate=February 5, 2018 | title= South Carolina 1801 U.S. Senate, Special | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:sc.ussenate.1801}}, citing The Augusta Chronicle and Gazette of the State (Augusta, GA). December 12, 1801.
18. ^http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=345554
  • [https://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/history/one_item_and_teasers/partydiv.htm Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present], via Senate.gov
{{United States Senate elections}}

2 : 1800 United States Senate elections|1801 United States Senate elections
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