“Garden State Parkway”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Garden State Parkway (GSP), known colloquially as "the Parkway", is a {{convert|172.4|mi|km|adj=on}}^[1] limited-access toll parkway that stretches the length of New Jersey from the New York line at Montvale to the state's southernmost tip at Cape May. Its name refers to New Jersey's nickname, the "Garden State". The parkway's official, but unsigned, designation is Route 444. At its north end, the road becomes the Garden State Parkway Connector, a component of the New York State Thruway system that connects to the Thruway mainline in Ramapo. The Parkway is primarily for passenger vehicle use; trucks weighing over {{convert|10000|lb|kg}} are prohibited north of exit 105.^[2] The Parkway has been ranked as the busiest toll highway in the country based on the number of toll transactions.^[3]^[4] At approximately 172 miles, the Parkway is the longest highway in the state.

Route description

The Garden State Parkway begins at an at-grade trumpet interchange with Route 109 in Lower Township. Southbound, the junction with Route 109 is marked as exit 0. The parkway runs north as a four lane limited-access highway through Cape May County, crossing interchanges with Route 47 and Route 147, which provide drivers access to Wildwood and nearby North Wildwood. Crossing into Cape May Court House, the road crosses exits 9, 10 and 11, former at-grade intersections upgraded in favor of graded interchanges. Exit 13 provides access to the city of Avalon, featuring an unusual interchange with a left-handed merge from the median of the roadway. After exit 17, the access to Sea Isle City, the parkway reaches the Ocean View Service Area.^[5]

Exit 17 northbound marks the last interchange on the parkway before a toll barrier in Cape May County, as Upper Township marks the location of the Cape May Toll Barrier. Running west of swamplands along the Jersey Shore, the parkway crosses an interchange with Route 50 (the eastern terminus of the latter). Just to the north, the parkway's median is the home of the John B. Townsend Shoemaker Holly Picnic Area, one of two of the original ten picnic areas left along the Parkway. At exit 25 in Upper Township, U.S. Route 9 (US 9) northbound joins the road before it crosses the Great Egg Harbor Bay on the Great Egg Harbor Bridge just east of the former Beesley's Point Bridge. After landing in the Atlantic County community of Somers Point, Route 9 turns off at exit 29, which is located next to the Great Egg Toll Plaza going southbound.^[5]

Returning to a four-lane arterial, the parkway runs along the western edges of Somers Point, soon crossing into Egg Harbor Township. In Egg Harbor Township, exit 36 marks the junction with US 40, US 322 and County Route 563 (CR 563). This marks the first of three interchanges with roads that access Atlantic City, located to the east. Two miles north, the road crosses a cloverleaf interchange with the limited-access Atlantic City Expressway. Crossing west of the Atlantic City Reservoir, the parkway is now six lanes, crossing an interchange with US 30 (White Horse Pike) in Pomona. North of the exit, the parkway median is home to the Atlantic Service Area, which also provides home to a barrack of the New Jersey State Police and access to CR 561. Winding north into the Port Republic Wildlife Management Area, US 9 merges back into the parkway and crosses over the Mullica River into Burlington County.^[5]

Now in Bass River Township, US 9 departs at exit 50. North of exit 53, the parkway crosses the New Gretna Toll Barrier northbound. Crossing northward through Bass River State Forest, the six-lane highway becomes desolate. At exit 63, Route 72 meets the Parkway, providing access to Manahawkin and Long Beach Island. Crossing northeast through the Pine Barrens, the parkway crosses into Lacey Township with the Forked River Service Area in the median. North of exit 77, the route crosses through Double Trouble State Park and enters the Toms River area. In Toms River, the parkway meets Route 37, which provides access to Lakehurst, Seaside Heights and Island Beach State Park. North of exit 83 is the Toms River Toll Barrier.^[5] This is the only plaza on the highway where tolls are still collected in both directions.

North of the toll barrier, the parkway crosses an interchange with Route 70, connecting Brick Township and Point Pleasant Beach. Crossing through Brick Township, the parkway reaches exit 98 near Allaire State Park. The interchange, formerly designated as 96 and 97,^[6] involves a pair of collector-distributor roads to reach Interstate 195 (I-195), Route 34 and Route 138. A park and ride is present in the cloverleaf with Route 138. Now in Monmouth County, the parkway reaches the Monmouth Service Area in the median. The service area provides a park and ride for commuters and access to CR 18 (Belmar Boulevard). North of the service area, the parkway enters the stretch of exits 100A–C, serving Route 33 and Route 66. North of exit 102 in Tinton Falls, the road reaches the northbound Asbury Park Toll Barrier.^[5]

After the toll barrier, the two directions of road expand into express and local lanes in each direction. Just north of the split marks exit 105, servicing Route 18 and Route 36. The connector road from the parkway to the terminus of Route 36 and CR 51 (Hope Road) is designated as Route 444S. The express and local lanes wind northwest through Monmouth County, passing east of Freehold. At exit 116, access is provided to the PNC Bank Arts Center, Telegraph Hill Picnic Area and the New Jersey Vietnam Veterans Memorial. There is also access to nearby Crawfords Corner Road in Holmdel Township and a nearby park and ride. Crossing west of Hazlet, the parkway reaches exit 117 and exit 118, which mark access to Route 35, Route 36 and nearby Aberdeen. This connector road is designated as Route 444R. The parkway crosses northwest through Cheesequake State Park, bending into Middlesex County.^[5]

Through Middlesex County, the parkway features the Cheesequake Service Area in the median, with access to both the express and local lanes of the highway. Crossing into South Amboy, the lanes merge as they reach the Raritan Toll Barrier southbound. Here, exit 125 southbound is the only E-ZPass only exit on the highway, reaching Chevalier Avenue in South Amboy. Paralleing US 9 and Route 35, all three cross the Raritan River. The parkway becomes 13 lanes as it crosses the Driscoll Bridge. Northbound, lanes split up for exit 127, a massive interchange for Route 440 and US 9, providing access to the Outerbridge Crossing. Just north of exit 127 in Woodbridge Township, the parkway reaches exit 129, which provides access to the New Jersey Turnpike and US 9. Running northeast through Woodbridge Township, the parkway crosses US 1 at exit 130 and Route 27 at exit 132. There is also access northbound to Metropark station of New Jersey Transit at exit 131B.^[5]

North of exit 132, the parkway curves northeast, passing the Colonia South and Colonia North service areas, along with the closed Madison Hill Picnic Area. Crossing into Union County, the highway crosses through dense neighborhoods as an eight–ten lane roadway. At exit 140, US 22 crosses the Parkway with Route 82. Northbound, the road also passes the Vaux Hall Service Area. After the service area, the road crosses the Union Toll Barrier northbound and crosses a massive interchange with I-78 at exit 142A–B. Running northeast into Essex County, the parkway reaches Irvington and soon crosses into the dense East Orange. In East Orange is an interchange with I-280 at exit 145. Winding into Bloomfield, the parkway crosses exit 148 at CR 506 (Bloomfield Avenue). North of exit 149, the southbound parkway has the Essex Toll Barrier.^[5]

After the Brookdale North and Brookdale South service areas, the parkway crosses into exit 153, which serves Route 3. After exit 153B, the parkway crosses into Passaic County and the city of Clifton. There, the route has interchanges with US 46 at exit 154 and Route 19 at exit 155A. After Route 19, the parkway turns northeast and crosses through Clifton to an interchange with Route 20 (exit 156) and a second interchange with US 46 (exit 157). To the northeast of US 46, the parkway reaches an interchange with I-80 (exit 159) and the northbound Bergen Toll Barrier. Entering Bergen County, the road crosses a pair of interchanges for Route 208 (exit 160) and Route 4 (exit 161) as they enter Paramus. The final major interchange comes at Route 17 (exit 163). North of the interchange, there is another large junction at exit 165, which has a park and ride.^[5] Just north of exit 166, the southbound parkway has the Pascack Valley Toll Barrier - the northernmost toll plaza on the highway.

Winding through suburban Bergen County, the parkway reaches the Montvale Service Area, the final of the group of service areas. There is access to CR 94 (Grand Avenue), which also has a nearby ramp for exit 172. Exit 172 marks the final exit of the Garden State Parkway, which crosses into New York in Montvale. From there, the route becomes the Garden State Parkway Connector, bringing access southbound to CR 41 in Rockland County, New York. The connector meets I-87, I-287 and the New York State Thruway in Nanuet, marking the northern end.^[5]

On the Garden State Parkway, the emergency assistance number is #GSP, which is #477 in number form. New Jersey State Police are the primary police agency that handles calls for service on the parkway. Other emergency services such as fire and first aid are usually handled by the jurisdictions in which that section of the parkway passes.

History

The parkway was constructed between 1946 and 1957 to connect suburban northern New Jersey with resort areas along the Atlantic coast and to alleviate traffic on traditional north–south routes running through each town center, such as US 1, US 9, and Route 35. Unofficially, the parkway has two sections: the "metropolitan section" north of the Raritan River and the "shore section" between the Raritan River and Cape May. Most of the metropolitan section is like any other expressway built in the 1950s through heavily populated areas. The shore section parallels US 9 and runs through unspoiled wilderness in the New Jersey Pine Barrens.

The road was originally designated as the Route 4 Parkway when construction began in 1947 in Union County. However, due to a lack of funds, only {{convert|11|mi|km}} of it were completed by 1950 (this segment, between exits 129 and 140, can be distinguished by the stone facing on the overpasses). The solution was for the state to establish the New Jersey Highway Authority in 1952 to oversee construction and operation as a self-liquidating toll road from Cape May to the New York state line.^[7]

The landscape architect and engineer in charge of the newly named Garden State Parkway was Gilmore David Clarke, of the architectural firm Parsons Brinckerhoff,^[7] who had worked with Robert Moses on the parkway systems around New York City. Clarke's design prototypes for the parkway combined the example of the Pennsylvania Turnpike, a model of efficiency with parallels in the German Autobahn routes of the 1930s, with the Merritt Parkway model that stressed a planted "green belt" for beauty. Both design models featured wide planted medians to prevent head-on collisions and mask the glare of oncoming headlights. The Garden State Parkway was designed to have a natural feel. Many trees were planted, and the only signs were those for exits—there were no distracting billboards. Most of the signs were constructed from wood, or a dark-brown metal, instead of the chrome bars used on most other highways. The guardrails were also made from wood and dark metal. Most early overpasses were stone, but then changed to concrete, with green rails and retro etchings, popular around the 1950s and 1960s. The parkway was designed to curve gently throughout its length so that drivers would remain alert and not fall asleep at the wheel.

The portion of the parkway from Paramus to the New York state line near Montvale was originally proposed as part of a northern extension of New Jersey Route 101, a highway that was intended to run from Kearny to Hackensack. The extension, Route S101, would have continued northward from Hackensack to the state line via Paramus. NJ 101 was never built, and only the Paramus–Montvale segment saw any later construction.

As originally built, in Cape May County, the parkway had three traffic lights (at exits 9, 10, and 11), but these were eliminated in 2015, with construction of three overpasses in Cape May Court House and Stone Harbor.

Before the Great Egg Harbor Bridge was completed in 1956, the parkway temporarily detoured onto US 9 and over the Beesley's Point Bridge. That bridge was closed in 2003 and demolished in 2014; US 9 now detours onto the parkway instead.

The Garden State Parkway was off-limits to motorcycles until Malcolm Forbes pushed successfully for legislation to allow them.^[8]

On July 9, 2003, Governor Jim McGreevey's plan to merge the operating organizations of the Garden State Parkway and the New Jersey Turnpike into one agency was completed.^[9]

Literature from the time of the parkway's construction indicates that the parkway would become toll-free once bonds used for its construction were paid off. However, additional construction projects, plus the expectation that the parkway will pay for its own maintenance and policing (and the massive E-ZPass project) make it unlikely it will become toll-free in the foreseeable future.^[10]

The parkway was also planned to be the southern terminus for Route 55 at milemarker 19. This was canceled after the conclusion that the highway ran through too many wetland areas. The idea is still being revisited after frequent traffic jams on Route 47.

On July 22, 2014, the New Jersey Turnpike Authority filed a federal lawsuit against Jersey Boardwalk Pizza, a pizza chain in Florida, for using a logo too similar to the signs for the Garden State Parkway.^[11] Federal Judge William Martini dismissed the suit on March 26, 2015.^[12]

Usage

The speed limit on the parkway is {{convert|65|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}} with the following exceptions: {{convert|55|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} between mileposts 123.5 and 163.3, {{convert|55|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} between mileposts 80.0 and 85.2, and {{convert|45|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} between mileposts 27 and 29, approaching and traversing the Great Egg Harbor Bridge, and between milepost 126.7 and 127.7, approaching and traversing the Driscoll Bridge.^[1]

Commercial trucks with a registered weight of over {{convert|10,000|lbs|kg}} are not allowed to use the northern parts of the parkway.^[31] All trucks must exit at exit 105, just past the Asbury Park toll plaza. From Tinton Falls to the southern end of the parkway at Cape May, trucks are allowed, but must pay additional tolls. Buses are allowed for the entire length of the parkway.^[32] In April 2011, New Jersey Transportation Commissioner James Simpson announced the NJTA was looking into the possibility of allowing trucks on the northern portion of the Garden State Parkway.^[33] However, the idea was quickly abandoned after the agency found the road had engineering concerns that would make the consideration of allowing trucks on this segment impossible.^[34]

Toll collection

While the New Jersey Turnpike uses a system of long-distance tickets, obtained once by a motorist upon entering and surrendered upon exiting at toll gates (a "closed" system), the Garden State Parkway uses no tickets but collects tolls at toll plazas at somewhat regular intervals along its length and at certain exits (an "open" system). As of 2012, the standard car toll is $0.75 on the main road at two-way toll plazas and $1.50 at one-way toll plazas. Some individual exits require a toll of either $0.50, $0.75, $1.00, or $1.50. It costs $8.25 to travel the entire length of the highway in a car.

There are three lane types at the toll plazas, however not all plazas have every type of lane at all times.

The first type is full service lanes; these lanes are staffed and toll collectors can provide change and receipts to drivers.

The second type is exact change lanes. In these lanes, motorists deposit coins in a toll basket and each coin is mechanically counted; drivers using exact change lanes are required to pay with coins only. The Union Toll Plaza was the first to use an automated toll-collection machine. A plaque commemorating this event includes the first quarter collected at its toll booths.^[35] Historically, these lanes also accepted tokens, and were common on main roadway toll plazas. However, in late 2018, exact change lanes were discontinued on main line toll plazas; they continue to be used for exit and entrance ramp toll plazas.

The third type of lane is for the E-ZPass electronic toll collection system. Dedicated lanes only accept vehicles with E-ZPass tags. The speed limit in these lanes is {{convert|15|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}, or {{convert|55|-|65|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} in Express E-ZPass lanes. Full service lanes also accept E-ZPass tags.

Tokens, available for purchase at full service toll plaza lanes, were introduced at a price of $10 for a roll of 40 tokens, as the toll was 25 cents at the time; most drivers continued to use quarters. However, when the toll was increased to 35 cents, rolls of tokens were priced at 30 tokens for $10; between the slight discount and the convenience of using a single coin, tokens gained in popularity. There were also larger bus tokens, primarily for use by Atlantic City-bound buses. As E-ZPass became more widespread, tokens were phased out. Token sales were discontinued on January 1, 2002,^[36] and were no longer accepted effective January 1, 2009.^[37]

E-ZPass was first installed at the Pascack Valley toll plaza in December 1999, and the system was completed on September 19, 2000.^[38] Beginning on November 19, 2001, E-ZPass customers were charged the approximate token rate, that is 33 cents (peak travel) or 30 cents (off-peak travel), instead of 35 cents, the cash toll rate at the time.^[36] Due to tremendous cost overruns in implementing the E-ZPass system on New Jersey's toll highways the discount was eliminated the next year.^[39] NJHA E-ZPass customers were charged a $1-per-month account fee,^[39] causing many customers to turn in their NJHA E-ZPass transponders in favor of a transponder from an out-of-state authority which did not charge a monthly fee.

To reduce congestion, most toll plazas on the roadway were converted into one-way plazas between September 2004 and February 2010, dubbed "one-way tolling".^[40] Under this program, the toll is doubled in one direction, and the other direction is toll-free. The Cape May (in Upper Township), Great Egg (in Somers Point), New Gretna (in Bass River Township), Barnegat (in Barnegat Township), Asbury Park (in Tinton Falls), Raritan (in Sayreville), Union (in Hillside), Essex (in Bloomfield), Bergen (in Saddle Brook), and Pascack Valley (in Washington Township) toll plazas had been converted to one-way toll plazas. The Toms River (in Toms River) Toll Plaza is the only location on the parkway mainline where a toll is collected in both directions.

Payment of tolls is enforced by photo, a system that went into effect on October 17, 2011.^[41]

Picnic areas

One of the objectives of the parkway was to become a state park its entire length, and its users would enjoy park-like aesthetics with minimal intrusion of urban scenery. Along the ride, users were permitted to stop and picnic along the roadway to further enjoy the relaxation qualities the parkway had to offer. All picnic areas had tall trees that provided shade and visual isolation from the roadway. Grills, benches, running water and restrooms were provided. Over time as the parkway transformed into a road of commerce, the picnic areas were being closed for a variety of reasons. Their ramp terminals became insufficient to accommodate the high-speed mainline traffic and in addition to the decreasing number of users, the picnic areas were becoming more effective as maintenance yards and were converted as such or closed altogether.

The two remaining picnic areas are closed from dusk to dawn. Posted signs within the picnic area prohibit fires and camping.

Service areas

Park-ettes

In the 1950s, four petroleum companies were hired to provide gasoline and vehicular necessities—Esso, Texaco, Atlantic and Cities Service. The Cities Service company was the petroleum provider at Monmouth, Forked River, Atlantic City (Absecon at the time) and Ocean View (Seaville at the time) and offered a service where female employees were hired for those service area showrooms, wore uniforms and were known as the Park-ettes. Their duties included providing directions and other information to motorists as well as rendering odd bits of service such as sewing a missing button on a patron's coat.^[59]

Exit list

Many entrances and exits have tolls. In general, exits have tolls when they precede a barrier toll, and exits are free when they follow a barrier toll. Conversely, entrances that precede a barrier toll are free; and tolls are paid at entrances just beyond a barrier toll. This avoids double tolling (e.g., paying a barrier toll and then immediately paying again to exit) and under-tolling (e.g., driving a long distance and then exiting for free just before a barrier toll). There are no tolls between exits 127 and 141, inclusive, as this was the original road segment that predates the New Jersey Highway Authority.

Historically, the exit numbers on the northbound and southbound roadways were not symmetrical. The New Jersey Highway Authority considered each as a separate road and as a result, many exits had non-matching numbers.^[91]

Northbound exit and southbound entrance opened August 2015; Access to Stockton University, Atlantic City International Airport and the FAA Tech Center}}

See also

References

1. ^¹²³{{cite web |publisher = New Jersey Department of Transportation |url = http://www.state.nj.us/transportation/refdata/sldiag/00000444__-.pdf |format = PDF |title = Garden State Parkway straight line diagram |access-date = December 8, 2009 }}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nj.com/traffic/index.ssf/2016/08/what_trucks_are_allowed_on_the_garden_state_parkway_and_where.html|title=What trucks are allowed on the Garden State Parkway and where?|publisher=}}
3. ^{{cite news|first=Peter |last=Samuel |url=http://tollroadsnews.info/artman/publish/article_9.shtml |title=15-lane bridge for Garden State Parkway |newspaper=Tollroads News |date=January 6, 2003 |access-date=September 23, 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017170545/http://tollroadsnews.info/artman/publish/article_9.shtml |archivedate=October 17, 2007 |df=mdy }} "The Garden State Parkway is America's busiest single tollroad in terms of toll transaction numbers - 609m in 2001 or 1.67m/day average."
4. ^{{cite news|first=Peter |last=Samuel |url=http://www.tollroadsnews.com/node/3373 |title=USA Today reports dramatically more expensive tolls—lousy data |newspaper=TollRoadsNews |date=January 29, 2008 |access-date=September 23, 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080905020756/http://www.tollroadsnews.com/node/3373 |archivedate=September 5, 2008 |df=mdy }}
5. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹{{google maps|url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/38.9613252,-74.9029574/41.0990225,-74.0370007/@40.5533935,-74.4533976,295629m/data=!3m1!1e3|title=overview map of the Garden State Parkway (NJ 444)|accessdate=April 22, 2018}}
6. ^¹{{cite news|title=Parkway Improvement Program to Take Toll|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/19478936/exits_9697_june_29_1973/|accessdate=April 22, 2018|work=The Asbury Park Press|date=June 29, 1973|page=7|via=Newspapers.com}} {{open access}}
7. ^¹{{cite encyclopedia |last = Laurie |first = Maxine N. |last2 = Mappen |first2 = Marc |encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of New Jersey |publisher = Rutgers University Press |year = 2004–2005 |page = 305 }}
8. ^{{cite book|title=The perfect vehicle: what it is about motorcycles|last=Pierson|first=Melissa Holbrook|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company|year=1998|isbn=0-393-31809-5|page=82}}
9. ^{{cite press release |url=http://www.nj.gov/turnpike/msgfromgov.htm |date=July 10, 2003 |title=Governor McGreevey Announces Planned Improvements from Turnpike Authority Consolidation |publisher=New Jersey Turnpike Authority |access-date=March 18, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20031028030352/http://www.nj.gov/turnpike/msgfromgov.htm |archivedate=October 28, 2003 |df=mdy }}
10. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.capemaycountyherald.com/news/government/article_8a92bb27-fa90-5e46-98c2-fd6316ead063.html|title=Funding Failed, Tolls Imposed To Pay for Garden State Parkway|first=Bob|last=Ahlersnewspaper=Cape May County Herald|date=July 19, 2011|accessdate=September 14, 2018}}
11. ^{{cite web |title = New Jersey Sues Florida Pizza Shop |agency = Associated Press |publisher = WCAU-TV |location = Philadelphia, PA |date = July 24, 2014 |url = http://www.nbcphiladelphia.com/news/local/New-Jersey-Sues-Florida-Pizza-Shop-268413632.html |access-date = July 24, 2014 }}
12. ^{{cite web|title=New Jersey Turnpike suit over Florida pizza shop logo tossed|url=http://newyork.cbslocal.com/2015/03/27/new-jersey-suit-over-florida-pizza-shop-logos-likeness-to-gsp-logo-tossed/|website=CBS New York|publisher=The Associated Press|date=March 27, 2015}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.historicaerials.com/featuredPOIImage.aspx?poi=8276|title=NETRonline: Historic Aerials|website=www.historicaerials.com}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-22665405.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102095357/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-22665405.html|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2012-11-02|title=Travel Center Opens on Parkway|publisher=}}
15. ^Garden State Parkway Interchange 89 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070513093338/http://www.ghcci.com/proj_gsp89.php |date=May 13, 2007 }}
16. ^Garden State Parkway Interchange 69 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070514083927/http://www.ghcci.com/proj_gsp69.php |date=May 14, 2007 }}
17. ^Garden State Parkway Interchange 100 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070513092137/http://www.ghcci.com/proj_gsp_100.php |date=May 13, 2007 }}
18. ^{{cite news |author = Higgs, Larry |date = March 13, 2015 |title = What exit? Parkway exit numbers officially change today as new exit opens |newspaper = NJ star Ledger |access-date = March 13, 2015 |url = http://www.nj.com/traffic/index.ssf/2015/03/what_exit_parkway_exit_numbers_officially_change_today_as_new_exit_opens.html#incart_river }}
19. ^Barnegat's interchange to open Wednesday May 20, 2009
20. ^Driscoll Bridge opening{{dead link|date=October 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} May 20, 2009
21. ^{{cite press |url = http://www.nj.gov/transportation/about/press/2006/091506.shtm |title = NJDOT to begin reconstruction of Route I-280/Garden State Parkway Interchange 145 |publisher = New Jersey Department of Transportation |date = September 15, 2006 |access-date = June 14, 2007 }}
22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nj.gov/turnpike/documents/PascackValleyOneWayToll_2-2010-HP.pdf|title=Pascack Valley One Way Toll|publisher=}}
23. ^¹²³NJTPA Online Transportation Information System -- Project Detail{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
24. ^{{Cite web |title = New ramp linking I-78 and the Garden State Parkway opens today |date = December 10, 2010 |publisher = New Jersey Department of Transportation |access-date = December 14, 2010 |url = http://www.state.nj.us/transportation/about/press/2010/121010.shtm }}
25. ^¹{{cite web|title=Advisory: Mechanic Street Exit from Garden State Parkway to Close Permanently |url=http://middle-township-nj.com/wp/advisory-mechanic-street-exit-from-garden-state-parkway-to-close-permanently/ |website=Middle Township New Jersey |publisher=Middle Township Municipality |access-date=August 24, 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826115047/http://middle-township-nj.com/wp/advisory-mechanic-street-exit-from-garden-state-parkway-to-close-permanently/ |archivedate=August 26, 2014 |df=mdy }}
26. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.state.nj.us/transportation/capital/stip0507/authorities.pdf |title=NJDOT's 2005–2007 Road Improvements }} {{small|(80.9 KB)}} accessed June 18, 2007
27. ^¹{{cite web|url= http://www.state.nj.us/transportation/capital/stip0710/pdf/authorities.pdf |title=NJDOT's 2007–2010 Road Improvements }} {{small|(1.53 MB)}}
28. ^{{cite web |url = http://brick.shorebeat.com/2016/07/parkway-exit-91-project-now-shut-down-brick-officials-in-the-dark/ |title = Parkway Exit 91 Project Now Shut Down, Brick Officials in the Dark |last1 = Nee |first1 = Daniel |work = Brick Shorebeat |date = July 13, 2016 |access-date = September 3, 2016 }}
29. ^{{cite web |url = http://wobm.com/bricks-interchange-91-is-now-fully-open-both-ways/ |title = Brick’s Interchange 91 Is Now Fully Open Both Ways |work = WOBM |date = August 25, 2017}}
30. ^"New exit 125 southbound ramp accepts E-Z Pass Only" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831045850/http://www.state.nj.us/turnpike/documents/ADVISORY_new_exit_125_ramp_scheduled_to_open_UPDATE.pdf |date=August 31, 2017 }}
31. ^The NJ Law Reads as follows: "3. With the exception of vehicles holding a special permit, only New Jersey State Police vehicles, Authority maintenance vehicles and other Authority authorized vehicles, with a gross weight, G.V.W.R. and/or G.C.W.R. in excess of 10,000 pounds, shall be allowed on the Parkway north of Interchange 105, except that all vehicles in excess of 10,000 pounds are allowed on Ramp 7 in Woodbridge Township, Middlesex County for purposes of accessing the Turnpike."{{citation needed|date=May 2016}}
32. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.judiciary.state.nj.us/mcs/svbs_1987/1987parkwaynjac.pdf |title = Section 19:8-1.9(b)15 |work = Garden State Parkway Regulations |publisher = State of New Jersey |date = October 23, 1987 |access-date = October 17, 2007 |quote = 19:8-1.9(b)15: All vehicles except cars, campers, omnibuses, and vehicles entitled to toll-free passage under N.J.A.C. 19:8-3.2 (Toll-free passage) are prohibited from the Parkway north of Interchange 105. |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071025183851/http://www.judiciary.state.nj.us/mcs/svbs_1987/1987parkwaynjac.pdf |archivedate = October 25, 2007 |df = mdy-all }}
33. ^{{cite news |access-date = April 19, 2011 |title = N.J. to consider allowing trucks on Garden State Parkway north of exit 105 |agency = Associated Press |work = The Star-Ledger |date = April 18, 2011 |url = http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2011/04/nj_to_consider_allowing_truck.html }}
34. ^{{cite news |access-date = April 19, 2011 |title = N.J. won't allow trucks on Garden State Parkway north of exit 105 |agency = Associated Press |work = The Star-Ledger |date = April 18, 2011 |url = http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2011/04/nj_wont_allow_trucks_on_garden.html }}
35. ^{{cite web |last = |first = |title = Union Watersphere |work = |publisher = lostinjersey.wordpress.com |date = March 19, 2009 |url = http://lostinjersey.wordpress.com/2009/03/19/the-union-watersphere/ |access-date = February 23, 2012 }}
36. ^¹{{cite press |url=http://www.state.nj.us/turnpike/pr122601.htm |date=December 26, 2001 |title=Parkway to Discontinue Token Sales |publisher=New Jersey Highway Authority |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050212014634/http://www.state.nj.us/turnpike/pr122601.htm |archivedate=February 12, 2005 |df=mdy }}
37. ^{{cite news |first = Robert |last = Strauss |title = Soon, Token Non Grata on the Garden State |date = July 20, 2008 |url = https://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/20/nyregion/nyregionspecial2/20tokensnj.html |newspaper = The New York Times |access-date = March 18, 2010 }}
38. ^{{cite press |url=http://www.nj.gov/turnpike/pr091900.htm |publisher=New Jersey Highway Authority |date=September 19, 2000 |title=E-ZPass open from N.Y. State to Cape May |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030925012100/http://www.nj.gov/turnpike/pr091900.htm |archivedate=September 25, 2003 |df=mdy }}
39. ^¹{{cite web |url = http://www.state.nj.us/transportation/ezpass/ezpass.pdf |date = July 11, 2002 |format = PDF |title = E-ZPass: A plan that works for NJ |pages = 9–10 |access-date = June 22, 2009 }}
40. ^NJ Turnpike and Garden State Parkway Project. Retrieved May 11, 2011.
41. ^PAY TOLL Photo Enforced to all exact change lanes {{cite web |url=http://www.state.nj.us/turnpike/documents/ADVISORY_video_enforcement_advisory.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-10-17 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111018010610/http://www.state.nj.us/turnpike/documents/ADVISORY_video_enforcement_advisory.pdf |archivedate=October 18, 2011 |df=mdy-all }} Retrieved October 13, 2011.
42. ^{{cite news|title=Picnic Area Built Around Ancient Holly|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/19236909/shoemaker_holly_october_12_1965/|accessdate=April 14, 2018|work=The Asbury Park Evening Press|date=October 12, 1965|page=13|via=Newspapers.com}} {{open access}}
43. ^{{cite news|last1=Wittkowski|first1=Donald|title=Bathrooms gone, but ancient holly remains at parkway rest stop in Cape May|url=http://www.pressofatlanticcity.com/communities/lower_capemay/bathrooms-gone-but-ancient-holly-remains-at-parkway-rest-stop/article_4477898e-19c8-11e4-afcf-0019bb2963f4.html|accessdate=April 14, 2018|work=The Press of Atlantic City|date=August 1, 2014}}
44. ^¹²³⁴{{cite news|title=Parkway Picnic Area Stymied|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/19235767/parkway_picnic_areas_may_27_1955/|accessdate=April 14, 2014|work=The Asbury Park Press|date=May 27, 1955|page=19|via=Newspapers.com}} {{open access}}
45. ^{{cite news |url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,956649,00.html |work = Time |title = Books: Serpents in The Garden State |date = January 2, 1989 |access-date = May 3, 2010 |first = R.Z. |last = Sheppard }}
46. ^¹{{cite news|title=Mosquitos Get Double Trouble|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/19234953/double_trouble_closed_february_24_1961/|accessdate=April 14, 2018|work=The Plainfield Courier-News|date=February 24, 1961|page=1|via=Newspapers.com}} {{open access}}
47. ^{{cite news|title=New Picnic Area Opens on Parkway|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/14375925/polhemus_creek_pa_opens_june_5_1955/|accessdate=April 14, 2018|work=The Central New Jersey Home News|date=June 5, 1955|page=28|via=Newspapers.com}} {{open access}}
48. ^{{cite news|title=Parkway Dedicates Telegraph Hill Park|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/19236816/telegraph_hill_april_25_1957/|accessdate=April 14, 2018|work=The Asbury Park Evening Press|date=April 25, 1957|page=1|via=Newspapers.com}} {{open access}}
49. ^¹{{cite news|last=Coleman|first=Steven|title=Rest Stop's Closing Blamed on Drugs, Sex|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/14375859/glenside_pa_closed_october_24_1987/|accessdate=October 13, 2017|work=The Courier-News|date=October 24, 1987|page=15|via=Newspapers.com}} {{open access}}
50. ^¹{{cite news|title=First Section of Route 4 Parkway is Completed|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/19237209/r4_parkway_opens_october_29_1950/|accessdate=April 14, 2018|work=The Central New Jersey Home News|date=October 29, 1950|page=1, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/19237232/r4_parkway_opens_october_29_1950_part/ 32]|via=Newspapers.com}} {{open access}}
51. ^¹{{cite news|last1=Kasen|first1=Timothy|title=Parkway to Shut Down Cranford Rest Area|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/14384738/tall_oaks_closed_july_21_1988/|accessdate=October 13, 2017|work=The Courier-News|date=July 21, 1988|page=25|via=Newspapers.com}} {{open access}}
52. ^¹²{{cite news|title=Parkway Closes Temporary Areas|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/19418622/temps_closed_july_8_1955/|accessdate=April 20, 2018|work=The Plainfield Courier-News|date=July 8, 1955|page=7|via=Newspapers.com}} {{open access}}
53. ^¹²{{cite news|title=New Bridge Due to Open|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/19417977/vaux_hall_opens_may_26_1955/|accessdate=April 20, 2018|work=The Plainfield Courier-News|date=May 26, 1955|page=6|via=Newspapers.com}} {{open access}}
54. ^{{cite news|title=Parkway to Open Two More Service Areas|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/19418720/abseconmanasquan_june_25_1955/|accessdate=April 20, 2018|work=The Asbury Park Press|date=June 25, 1955|page=7|via=Newspapers.com}} {{open access}}
55. ^{{cite news|title=Parkway Opens First Restaurant|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/19417859/cheesequake_opens_may_12_1955/|accessdate=April 20, 2018|work=The Plainfield Courier-News|date=May 12, 1955|page=36|via=Newspapers.com}} {{open access}}
56. ^{{cite news|title=Parkway Restaurant Opens Friday|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/19418402/brookdale_south_august_8_1956/|accessdate=April 20, 2018|date=August 8, 1956|work=The Asbury Park Press|page=22|via=Newspapers.com}} {{open access}}
57. ^{{cite news|title=Garden State Parkway Adds Service Area|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/19418332/brookdale_north_december_10_1956/|accessdate=April 20, 2018|work=The Plainfield Courier-News|date=December 10, 1956|page=6|via=Newspapers.com}} {{open access}}
58. ^{{cite news|title=Parkway Site to be Opened|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/19418198/montvale_service_area_september_17/|accessdate=April 20, 2018|work=The Plainfield Courier-News|date=September 17, 1958|page=8|via=Newspapers.com}} {{open access}}
59. ^"The First Five Years of the Garden State Parkway" published by the New Jersey Highway Authority, page 29.
60. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.maikoff.net/gsp.html|title=Garden State Parkway Exits (Milemarkers)|website=www.maikoff.net}}
61. ^{{cite web|title=Advisory: Mechanic Street Exit from Garden State Parkway to Close Permanently |url=http://middle-township-nj.com/wp/advisory-mechanic-street-exit-from-garden-state-parkway-to-close-permanently/ |website=Middle Township New Jersey |publisher=Middle Township Municipality |access-date=August 24, 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826115047/http://middle-township-nj.com/wp/advisory-mechanic-street-exit-from-garden-state-parkway-to-close-permanently/ |archivedate=August 26, 2014 |df=mdy }}
62. ^{{cite news |title=Parkway Interchange to be Closed |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/27444884/exit_30_hafl_closed_march_4_1965/ |accessdate=January 21, 2019 |work=The Courier-Post |date=March 4, 1965 |location=Camden, New Jersey |page=6|via=Newspapers.com}} {{open access}}
63. ^{{cite news |title=Interchange to Open Friday at Pleasantville |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/27493871/exit_38_july_30_1964/ |accessdate=January 21, 2019 |work=The Millville Daily |date=July 30, 1964 |page=1|via=Newspapers.com}} {{open access}}
64. ^ {{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
65. ^{{cite web|url=http://brick.shorebeat.com/2015/06/new-brick-parkway-exit-ramps-to-open-this-week/|title=New Brick Parkway Exit Ramps Open This Week|first=Daniel|last=Nee|date=June 10, 2015|publisher=}}
66. ^{{cite news |title=Parkway Opens New Exit |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/27494517/exit_100a_december_24_1986/ |accessdate=January 21, 2019 |work=The Asbury Park Press |date=December 24, 1986 |page=21|via=Newspapers.com}} {{open access}}
67. ^{{cite news|title=Parkway to Open New Interchange|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/19429391/exit_114_december_20_1962/|accessdate=April 21, 2018|work=The Plainfield Courier-News|date=December 20, 1962|page=34|via=Newspapers.com}} {{open access}}
68. ^{{cite news|title=Parkway Ramp Debuts Monday|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/19429368/exit_124_opens_october_23_1982/|accessdate=April 21, 2018|work=The Central Jersey Home News|date=October 23, 1982|page=3|via=Newspapers.com}} {{open access}}
69. ^{{cite news|title=Toll Highway Link Opens Tomorrow|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/144256415/|accessdate=April 23, 2018|work=The Asbury Park Press|date=September 17, 1969|pages=1, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/19499998/exit_129_september_17_1969_part_2/ 7]|via=Newspapers.com}} {{open access}}
70. ^{{cite news |title = What Exit? New Jersey Question Gets a Bit Trickier |publisher = WCAU-TV |location = Philadelphia, PA |date = March 13, 2015 |url = http://www.nbcphiladelphia.com/news/politics/What-Exit-New-Jersey-Question-Gets-a-Bit-Trickier-296276181.html?_osource=SocialFlowFB_PHBrand |access-date = November 4, 2015 }}
71. ^¹²³{{cite news |title=Parkway Reserves Future Exit Number |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/19465777/exits_142143b_may_11_1966/ |accessdate=January 20, 2019 |work=The Central New Jersey Home News |date=May 11, 1966 |location=New Brunswick, New Jersey |page=15|via=Newspapers.com}} {{open access}}
72. ^{{cite news|first1=New Jersey|last1=Turnpike Authority|title=Tolls for drivers leaving the northbound lanes on the Parkway at Exit 145 in The Oranges will be eliminated on July 26, 2018 at 10 pm while drivers enter the southbound lanes on the Parkway will be charged $1.00|url=http://www.njta.com/newsroom/2017/2018-1/one-way-tolling|accessdate=17 July 2018|publisher=New Jersey Turnpike Authority|date=17 July 2018}}
73. ^{{cite news|title=Parkway Link Opens Tuesday|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/19429382/exit_145_october_14_1967/|accessdate=April 21, 2018|work=The Asbury Park Press|date=October 14, 1967|page=20|via=Newspapers.com}} {{open access}}
74. ^{{cite news |title=Directories at Toll Plazas to Guide Parkway Motorists |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/29986641/exits_february_21_1955/ |accessdate=March 27, 2019 |work=The Herald-News |date=February 21, 1955 |location=Paterson, New Jersey |page=53|via=Newspapers.com}} {{open access}}
75. ^{{cite news |title=Tolls Start Jan. 12 on New Parkway Interchanges |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/29982103/exit_145146_december_29_1965/ |accessdate=March 27, 2019 |work=The Paterson Daily News |date=December 29, 1965 |page=20|via=Newspapers.com}} {{open access}}
76. ^¹{{cite news|title=Parkway Exit Changes Noted|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/29982733/exits_june_1_1967/|accessdate=March 27, 2019|work=The Montclair Times |date=June 1, 1967|page=9|via=Newspapers.com}}{{open access}}
77. ^{{cite news|title=To Open New Ramps at Rt. 46|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/19465350/exit_154_opens_december_26_1958/|accessdate=April 22, 2018|work=The Daily Home News|date=December 26, 1958|page=16|via=Newspapers.com}} {{open access}}
78. ^{{cite news |title=Garden State Parkway Projects Near Finished |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/27360677/exit_158159_december_12_1963/ |accessdate=January 18, 2018 |work=The Daily Record |date=December 12, 1963 |location=Long Branch, New Jersey |page=27|via=Newpsapers.com}} {{open access}}
79. ^¹²³{{cite news|title=Parkway's Link-Up with Thruway Near|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/19429409/parkway_northern_extension_june_30/|accessdate=April 21, 2018|work=The Asbury Park Sunday Press|date=June 30, 1957|page=6|via=Newspapers.com}} {{open access}}