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词条 1812 and 1813 United States Senate elections
释义

  1. Change in Senate composition

      Before the elections    Result of the elections  

  2. Race summaries

      Special elections during the 12th Congress    Races leading to the 13th Congress    Special elections during the 13th Congress  

  3. See also

  4. References

  5. External links

{{For|related races|United States elections, 1812}}{{Infobox election
| election_name = United States Senate elections, 1812 and 1813
| country = United States
| flag_year = 1795
| type = legislative
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = United States Senate elections, 1810 and 1811
| previous_year = 1810/11
| next_election = United States Senate elections, 1814 and 1815
| next_year = 1814/15
| seats_for_election = 12 of the 36 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections)
| majority_seats = 19
| election_date = Dates vary by state
| image_size = 100px
| 1blank = Seats up
| image1 =
| party1 = Democratic-Republican Party
| last_election1 = 27 seats
| seats_before1 = 30
| seats1 = 8
| seats_after1 = 28
| seat_change1 = {{decrease}} 2
| 1data1 = 10
| image2 =
| party2 = Federalist Party
| last_election2 = 7 seats
| seats_before2 = 6
| seats2 = 4
| seats_after2 = 8
| seat_change2 = {{increase}} 2
| 1data2 = 2
| title = Majority party
| before_election = Democratic-Republican
| after_election = Democratic-Republican
}}

The United States Senate elections of 1812 and 1813 were elections that, coinciding with President James Madison's re-election, had the Democratic-Republican Party lose two seats but still retain an overwhelming majority in the United States Senate. As in recent elections, the minority Federalists had gone into the elections with such a small share of Senate seats (6 out of 36, or 16.7%) that if they had won every one of the elections, they would still not have controlled a majority.

As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by State legislatures.

Change in Senate composition

Before the elections

Composition after September 1812 elections in the new state of Louisiana.

DR{{Sub|8}}DR{{Sub|7}}DR{{Sub|6}}DR{{Sub|5}}DR{{Sub|4}}DR{{Sub|3}}DR{{Sub|2}}DR{{Sub|1}}
DR{{Sub|9}}DR{{Sub|10}}DR{{Sub|11}}DR{{Sub|12}}DR{{Sub|13}}DR{{Sub|14}}DR{{Sub|15}}DR{{Sub|16}}DR{{Sub|17}}DR{{Sub|18}}
Majority →DR{{Sub|19}}
DR{{Sub|28}}
{{Small|Retired}}		DR{{Sub|27}}
{{Small|Retired}}		DR{{Sub|26}}
{{Small|Retired}}		DR{{Sub|25}}
{{Small|Retired}}		DR{{Sub|24}}
{{Small|Unknown}}		DR{{Sub|23}}
{{Small|Unknown}}		DR{{Sub|22}}
{{Small|Ran}}		DR{{Sub|21}}
{{Small|Ran}}		DR{{Sub|20}}
{{Small|Ran}}
DR{{Sub|29}}
{{Small|Retired}}		F{{Sub|7}}
{{Small|Ran}}		F{{Sub|6}}
{{Small|Ran}}		F{{Sub|5}}F{{Sub|4}}F{{Sub|3}}F{{Sub|2}}F{{Sub|1}}

Result of the elections

DR{{Sub|8}}DR{{Sub|7}}DR{{Sub|6}}DR{{Sub|5}}DR{{Sub|4}}DR{{Sub|3}}DR{{Sub|2}}DR{{Sub|1}}
DR{{Sub|9}}DR{{Sub|10}}DR{{Sub|11}}DR{{Sub|12}}DR{{Sub|13}}DR{{Sub|14}}DR{{Sub|15}}DR{{Sub|16}}DR{{Sub|17}}DR{{Sub|18}}
Majority →DR{{Sub|19}}
V{{Sub|1}}
{{Small|DR Loss}}		DR{{Sub|27}}
{{Small|Hold}}		DR{{Sub|26}}
{{Small|Re-elected}}		DR{{Sub|25}}
{{Small|Re-elected}}		DR{{Sub|24}}
{{Small|Hold}}		DR{{Sub|23}}
{{Small|Hold}}		DR{{Sub|22}}
{{Small|Hold}}		DR{{Sub|21}}
{{Small|Hold}}		DR{{Sub|20}}
{{Small|Hold}}
V{{Sub|2}}
{{Small|F Loss}}		F{{Sub|6}}
{{Small|Gain}}		F{{Sub|5}}
{{Small|Re-elected}}		F{{Sub|5}}F{{Sub|4}}F{{Sub|3}}F{{Sub|2}}F{{Sub|1}}
Key:
DR{{Sub|#}} Democratic-Republican
F{{Sub|#}} Federalist
V{{Sub|#}} Vacant

Race summaries

Special elections during the 12th Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1812 or before March 4, 1813; ordered by election date.

StateIncumbentResultsCandidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Louisiana
(Class 3)		New seatLouisiana was admitted to the Union on April 30, 1812.
Inaugural senator elected September 3, 1812.
Democratic-Republican gain.		√ Allan Magruder (Democratic-Republican)
√ Jean Destréhan (Democratic-Republican)
James Brown 16
Eligius Fromentin 5
Livingston 3[1]
Louisiana
(Class 2)		New seatLouisiana was admitted to the Union on April 30, 1812.
Inaugural senator elected September 3, 1812.
Democratic-Republican gain.
Louisiana
(Class 2)		 Thomas PoseyDemocratic-
Republican		(Appointed)}}Jean Destréhan had resigned October 1, 1812 without having qualified.
Interim successor appointed October 8, 1812.
Interim appointee lost election.
New senator elected February 4, 1813 on the second ballot.
Democratic-Republican hold.		√ James Brown (Democratic-Republican) 26
Thomas Posey (Democratic-Republican) 14
F. Skipwith Eliminated[2]

Races leading to the 13th Congress

In these general elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1813 (except where noted due to late election); ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.

StateIncumbentResultsCandidates
Senator Party Electoral
history
Connecticut Chauncey GoodrichFederalist(Special)}} Incumbent re-elected in 1813.√ Chauncey Goodrich (Federalist)
{{dm}}
Georgia Charles TaitDemocratic-
Republican		(Special)}} Incumbent re-elected in 1813.√ Charles Tait (Democratic-Republican)
{{dm}}
Kentucky John PopeDemocratic-
Republican		 1806Incumbent retired.
New senator elected January 12, 1813 on the third ballot.
Democratic-Republican hold.		√ Jesse Bledsoe (Democratic-Republican) 56
Stephen Ormsby 51
Anthony Butler Eliminated
Isham Talbot Eliminated[3]
Louisiana Allan B. MagruderDemocratic-
Republican		 1812Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election.
New senator elected in 1813.
Democratic-Republican hold.		√ Eligius Fromentin (Democratic-Republican) 25
Thomas Posey 13
Richard Butler 6
Blank[4]
Maryland Philip ReedDemocratic-
Republican		(Special)}}
1806		Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election.
Legislature failed to elect.
Democratic-Republican loss.		 {{dm}}
New Hampshire Charles CuttsFederalist(Special)}}Incumbent lost re-election.
Legislature failed to elect after 12 ballots.
Federalist loss.		 Jedediah Kilburn Smith 89
John Goddard 83
Charles Cutts (Federalist) 3
David L. Morril 1[5]
New York John SmithDemocratic-
Republican		(Special)}}
1807		Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected February 2, 1813.
Federalist gain.		√ Rufus King (Federalist) 51.5%
James W. Wilkin (Democratic-Republican) 46.2%
John Smith (Democratic-Republican) 2.3%[6]
North Carolina Jesse FranklinDemocratic-
Republican		1804{{Small>(Lost)}}
1806		Incumbent retired.
New senator elected in 1812.
Democratic-Republican hold.		√ David Stone (Democratic-Republican) 100
A.D. Murphy (Democratic-Republican) 83
Thomas Davis (Democratic-Republican) 12[7]
Ohio Alexander CampbellDemocratic-
Republican		(Special)}}Incumbent retired.
New senator elected February 6, 1813.
Democratic-Republican hold.		√ Jeremiah Morrow (Democratic-Republican) 63
Calvin Pease 18[8]
Pennsylvania Andrew GreggDemocratic-
Republican		 1806Incumbent retired.
New senator elected December 8, 1812.
Democratic-Republican hold.		√ Abner Lacock (Democratic-Republican) 63
Daniel Montgomery, Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 26
James Brady (Independent) 22
Isaac Weaver (Democratic-Republican) 6
Not voting 5[9]
South Carolina John GaillardDemocratic-
Republican		(Special)}}
1806		 Incumbent re-elected.√ John Gaillard (Democratic-Republican) 118
Henry Middleton 37
James Gowdy 1[10]
Vermont Stephen R. BradleyDemocratic-
Republican		1795{{Small>(Lost)}}
1801{{Small| (Special)}}
1806		Incumbent retired.
New senator elected October 21, 1812.
Democratic-Republican hold.		√ Dudley Chase (Democratic-Republican)
Royall Tyler (Democratic-Republican) 94
Scattering 4[11]

Special elections during the 13th Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated in 1813 after March 4; ordered by election date.

StateIncumbentResultsCandidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Massachusetts
(Class 1)		 James Lloyd (F)Federalist(Special)}}
1809		Resigned May 1, 1813.
New senator elected May 5, 1813.
Federalist hold.		√ Christopher Gore (Federalist) 381
William King 10
Scattering 102[12]
Connecticut
(Class 3)		 Chauncey GoodrichFederalist(Special)}}
1812		Incumbent resigned May 13, 1813 to become Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut.
New senator elected May 13, 1813.
Federalist hold.		√ David Daggett (Federalist)
{{dm}}
Maryland
(Class 3)		VacantLegislature had failed to elect.
New senator elected May 21, 1813.
Federalist gain.		√ Robert Henry Goldsborough (Federalist) 53
Edward Lloyd (Democratic-Republican) 35[13]
Delaware
(Class 2)		 James A. BayardFederalist(Special)}}
1805
1811		Resigned March 3, 1813.
New senator elected May 21, 1813.
Federalist hold.		√ William H. Wells (Federalist) 14
George Monro (Democratic-Republican) 10
Richard Bassett (Federalist) 1[14]
New Hampshire
(Class 3)		 Charles CuttsFederalist(Special)}}
1813{{Small| (Appointed)}}		Interim appointee lost election.
New senator elected June 10, 1813 on the second ballot.
Federalist hold.		√ Jeremiah Mason (Federalist) 129
Charles Cutts (Federalist) 39
John Goddard Eliminated
Scattering 4[15]
Georgia
(Class 2)		 William BullochDemocratic-
Republican		(Appointed)}}Unknown if interim appointee retired or lost re-election.
New senator elected November 6, 1813.
Democratic-Republican hold.		√ William Wyatt Bibb (Democratic-Republican) 79
J. Macintosh 39[16]

See also

  • United States elections, 1812
    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1812 and 1813
    • United States presidential election, 1812
  • 12th United States Congress
  • 13th United States Congress

References

1. ^{{cite web | publisher= Tufts University | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | accessdate= February 22, 2018 | title= Louisiana 1812 U.S. Senate | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:la.ussenate.1812}}, citing American Watchman; and Delaware Republican (Wilmington, DE). October 14, 1812.
2. ^{{cite web | publisher= Tufts University | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | accessdate= February 22, 2018 | title= Louisiana 1812 U.S. Senate, Special, Ballot 2 | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:la.ussenate.1812}}, citing The Louisiana Gazette and New-Orleans Advertiser (New Orleans, LA). December 3, 1812.
3. ^{{cite web | publisher= Tufts University | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | accessdate= February 22, 2018 | title= Kentucky 1813 U.S. Senate, Ballot 3 | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ky.ussenateballot3.1813}}, citing Muskingum Messenger (Zanesville, OH). January 27, 1813.
4. ^{{cite web | publisher= Tufts University | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | accessdate= February 23, 2018 | title= Louisiana 1813 U.S. Senate | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:la.ussenate.1813}}, citing Courrier de la Louisiane (New Orleans, LA). January 22, 1813.
5. ^{{cite web | publisher= Tufts University | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | accessdate= February 23, 2018 | title= New Hampshire 1812 U.S. Senate, Ballot 12 | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nh.ussenate.12.1812}}, citing Concord Gazette (Concord, NH). December 29, 1812.
6. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=392204 | work=Our Campaigns | title= NY US Senate | date = August 8, 2012 | accessdate=February 23, 2015}}
7. ^{{cite web | publisher= Tufts University | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | accessdate= February 23, 2018 | title= North Carolina 1812 U.S. Senate | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nc.ussenator.1812}}, citing The Star (Raleigh, NC). December 11, 1812.
8. ^{{cite book | title = Ohio in Congress from 1803 to 1901 with Notes and Sketches of Senators and Representatives and Other Historical Data and Incidents | page=98 | last1 = Taylor | first1 = William A.| year = 1900 | publisher = The XX. Century Publishing Co. | location= Columbus, Ohio | ref = {{sfnRef | Taylor}} | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ZLITAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false | via= Google Books}}
9. ^{{cite web | publisher= Tufts University | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | accessdate= February 23, 2018 | title= Pennsylvania 1812 U.S. Senate | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:pa.ussenate.1812}}, citing Journal of the Pennsylvania State Senate, 1812. 41-43.
10. ^{{cite web | publisher= Tufts University | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | accessdate= February 23, 2018 | title= South Carolina 1812 U.S. Senate | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:sc.ussenate.1812}}, citing City Gazette and Commercial Advertiser (Charleston, SC). December 10, 1812.
11. ^{{cite web | publisher= Tufts University | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | accessdate= February 23, 2018 | title= Vermont 1812 U.S. Senate | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:vt.ussenate.1812}}, citing Columbian Phenix: or, Providence Patriot (Providence, RI). October 31, 1812.
12. ^{{cite web | publisher= Tufts University | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | accessdate= February 23, 2018 | title= Massachusetts 1813 U.S. Senate, Special | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ma.ussenate.1813}}, citing The Virginia Patriot (Richmond, VA). June 11, 1813.
13. ^{{cite web | publisher= Tufts University | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | accessdate= February 23, 2018 | title= Maryland 1813 U.S. Senate | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:md.us.senator.1813}}, citing Republican Star or Eastern Shore General Advertiser (Easton, MD). May 25, 1813.
14. ^{{cite web | publisher= Tufts University | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | accessdate= February 23, 2018 | title= Delaware 1813 U.S. Senate, Special | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:de.ussenator.1813}}, citing Journal of the Delaware State Senate, 1813. 12.
15. ^{{cite web | publisher= Tufts University | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | accessdate= February 23, 2018 | title= New Hampshire 1813 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2 | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nh.ussenator1b.1813}}, citing Portsmouth Oracle (Portsmouth, NH). June 12, 1813.
16. ^{{cite web | publisher= Tufts University | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | accessdate= February 23, 2018 | title= Georgia 1813 U.S. Senate, Special | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ga.ussenate.special.1813}}, citing Liberty Hall (Cincinnati, OH). December 14, 1813.

External links

  • [https://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/history/one_item_and_teasers/partydiv.htm Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present], via Senate.gov
{{United States Senate elections}}

2 : 1812 United States Senate elections|1813 United States Senate elections
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