| 词条 | 1850 and 1851 United States Senate elections | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| election_name = United States Senate elections, 1850 and 1851 | country = United States | flag_year = 1848 | type = legislative | ongoing = no | previous_election = United States Senate elections, 1848 and 1849 | previous_year = 1848/49 | next_election = United States Senate elections, 1852 and 1853 | next_year = 1852/53 | seats_for_election = 21 of the 62 seats in the United States Senate (with special elections) | majority_seats = 32 | election_date = Various dates | image_size = 100px | 1blank = Seats up | image1 = | party1 = Democratic Party (United States) | last_election1 = 33 seats | seats_before1 = 35 | seats1 = 12 | seats_after1 = 33 | seat_change1 = {{decrease}} 2 | 1data1 = 14 | party2 = Whig Party (United States) | last_election2 = 25 seats | seats_before2 = 25 | seats2 = 4 | seats_after2 = 22 | seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 3 | 1data2 = 7 | party3 = Free Soil Party | last_election3 = 1 seats | seats_before3 = 2 | seats3 = 0 | seats_after3 = 2 | seat_change3 = {{steady}} | 1data3 = 0 | title = Majority Party | before_election = Democratic | after_election = Democratic }} The United States Senate elections of 1850 and 1851 were elections which had the Democratic Party lose seats, but retain a majority in the United States Senate. As this election was prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by State legislatures. Results summarySenate Party Division, 32nd Congress (1851–1853)
Change in Senate compositionBefore the elections
As a result of the elections
At the beginning of the first session, December 1, 1851
Race summariesElections during the 31st CongressIn these elections, the winners were seated during 1850 or in 1851 before March 4; ordered by election date.
Races leading to the 32nd CongressIn these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1851; ordered by state. All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.
Elections during the 32nd CongressIn these elections, the winners were elected in 1851 after March 4; ordered by election date.
Complete list of racesMassachusetts{{main|United States Senate election in Massachusetts, 1851}}In 1851, Democrats gained control of the legislature in coalition with the Free Soilers. However, the legislature deadlocked on this Senate race, as Democrats refused to vote for Charles Sumner (the Free Soilers' choice). New York{{main|United States Senate election in New York, 1851}}The election in New York was held on February 4 and March 18 and 19, 1851. Daniel S. Dickinson (Democratic) had been elected in 1845 to this seat, and his term would expire on March 3, 1851. The Whig Party in New York was split in two opposing factions: the Seward/Weed faction (the majority, opposed to the Compromise of 1850) and the "Silver Grays" (supporters of President Millard Fillmore and his compromise legislation, led by Francis Granger whose silver gray hair originated the faction's nickname). The opposing factions of the Democratic Party in New York, the "Barnburners" and the "Hunkers", had reunited at the State election in November 1850, and managed to have almost their whole State ticket elected, only Horatio Seymour was defeated for Governor by a plurality of 262 votes. At the State election in November 1849, 14 Seward Whigs, 3 Silver Gray Whigs and 15 Democrats were elected for a two-year term (1850–1851) in the State Senate. At the State election in November 1850, a Whig majority was elected to the Assembly for the session of 1851. The 74th New York State Legislature met from January 7 to April 17, and from June 10 to July 11, 1851, at Albany, New York. Ex-Governor of New York Hamilton Fish was the candidate of the Whig Party, but was also a close friend of Henry Clay who was one of the leaders of the Fillmore faction in Washington, D.C. He was thus considered the only viable compromise candidate. The Silver Grays asked Fish to pledge his support for the Compromise, but Fish refused to make any comment, saying that he did not seek the office, and that the legislators should vote guided by Fish's known political history. Fish had earlier stated his opposition against the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 but was believed to support most of the remainder of the Compromise. Nevertheless, Silver Gray State Senator James W. Beekman declared that he would not vote for Fish for personal reasons, a dislike stemming from the time when they were fellow students at Columbia University. The State Legislature met on February 4, the legally prescribed day, to elect a U.S. Senator. In the Assembly, Fish received a majority of 78 to 49. In the State Senate the vote stood 16 for Fish and 16 votes for a variety of candidates, among them Beekman's vote for Francis Granger. After a second ballot with the same result, Beekman moved to adjourn, which was carried by the casting vote of the lieutenant governor, and no nomination was made. On February 14, Senator George B. Guinnip offered a resolution to declare John Adams Dix elected to the U.S. Senate. On motion of Senator George R. Babcock, the resolution was laid on the table, i.e. consideration was postponed. On February 15, Guinnip again offered a resolution to declare John Adams Dix elected to the U.S. Senate. Senator Stephen H. Johnson offered an amendment to this resolution, declaring Daniel S. Dickinson elected. On motion of Senator Marius Schoonmaker, the resolution was laid on the table too. On March 18, when two Democratic State Senators were absent, having gone to New York City, the Whigs persuaded the Democrats in a 14-hour session to re-open the U.S. Senate election, and in the small hours of March 19 Fish was nominated by a vote of 16 to 12 (Beekman, Johnson (both Whigs), Thomas B. Carroll and William A. Dart (both Democratic) did not vote). Fish was the choice of both the Assembly and the Senate, and was declared elected.
Ohio{{main|United States Senate election in Ohio, 1851}}Incumbent Senator Thomas Corwin (Whig) resigned July 20, 1850 to become U.S. Secretary of the Treasury. Thomas Ewing (Whig) was appointed July 20, 1850 to finish the term. Benjamin Wade (Whig) was elected late on March 15, 1851 on the 37th ballot over Ewing.[1] Pennsylvania{{main|United States Senate election in Pennsylvania, 1851}}The Pennsylvania election was held January 14, 1851. Richard Brodhead was elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the United States Senate.[2] {{Election box begin no change| title=State Legislature Results[2][3]}}{{Election box candidate with party link no change||party = Democratic Party (United States) |candidate = Richard Brodhead |votes = 76 |percentage = 57.14 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change| |party = Whig Party (United States) |candidate = Andrew W. Loomis |votes = 12 |percentage = 9.02 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change| |party = Whig Party (United States) |candidate = Alexander Brown |votes = 11 |percentage = 8.27 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change| |party = Whig Party (United States) |candidate = Samuel Purviance |votes = 4 |percentage = 3.01 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change| |party = Whig Party (United States) |candidate = Samuel Calvin |votes = 4 |percentage = 3.01 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change| |party = Whig Party (United States) |candidate = Thomas M. T. McKennan |votes = 4 |percentage = 3.01 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change| |party = Whig Party (United States) |candidate = John Sergeant |votes = 4 |percentage = 3.01 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change| |party = Whig Party (United States) |candidate = George Chambers |votes = 3 |percentage = 2.26 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change| |party = Whig Party (United States) |candidate = John Dickey |votes = 2 |percentage = 1.50 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change| |party = Whig Party (United States) |candidate = James Pollock |votes = 2 |percentage = 1.50 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change| |party = Whig Party (United States) |candidate = John Allison |votes = 1 |percentage = 0.75 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change| |party = Whig Party (United States) |candidate = William Darlington |votes = 1 |percentage = 0.75 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change| |party = Whig Party (United States) |candidate = Townsend Haines |votes = 1 |percentage = 0.75 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change| |party = Whig Party (United States) |candidate = Charles Pitman |votes = 1 |percentage = 0.75 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change| |party = Whig Party (United States) |candidate = Daniel M. Smyser |votes = 1 |percentage = 0.75 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change| |party = Whig Party (United States) |candidate = Thomas White |votes = 1 |percentage = 0.75 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change| |party = Whig Party (United States) |candidate = David Wilmot |votes = 1 |percentage = 0.75 |change = }}{{Election box candidate no change| |party = N/A |candidate = Not voting |votes = 3 |percentage = 2.26 |change = }} |- |-bgcolor="#EEEEEE" | colspan="3" align="right" | Totals | align="right" | 133 | align="right" | 100.00% |} See also
References
1. ^1 {{cite book |title=Ohio statesmen and annals of progress: from the year 1788 to the year 1900 .. |first1=William Alexander |last1=Taylor |first2=Aubrey Clarence |last2=Taylor |year=1899 |publisher=State of Ohio |page =240 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ztegAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA240}} {{United States Senate elections}}2. ^1 {{cite web|title=U.S. Senate Election - 14 January 1851|url=http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/harold.cox/sen/PaSen1851.pdf|publisher=Wilkes University|accessdate=December 22, 2012}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=PA US Senate 1851|url=http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=345196&ShowAllCand=Y|publisher=OurCampaigns|accessdate=December 22, 2012}} 2 : 1850 United States Senate elections|1851 United States Senate elections |
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