释义 |
- Results summary
- Change in Senate composition Before the elections As a result of the elections
- Race summaries Special elections during the 35th Congress Races leading to the 36th Congress Race leading to the 37th Congress Elections during the 36th Congress
- See also
- References
{{For|related races|United States elections, 1858}}{{Infobox Election | election_name = United States Senate elections, 1858 and 1859 | country = United States | flag_year = 1858 | type = legislative | ongoing = no | previous_election = United States Senate elections, 1856 and 1857 | previous_year = 1856/57 | next_election = United States Senate elections, 1860 and 1861 | next_year = 1860/61 | seats_for_election = 22 of the 66 seats in the United States Senate (with special elections) | majority_seats = 34 | election_date = Various dates | image_size = 100px | 1blank = Seats up | party1 = Democratic Party (United States) | last_election1 = 34 seats | seats_before1 = 42 | seats1 = 13 | seats_after1 = 38 | seat_change1 = {{decrease}} 4 | 1data1 = 17 | party2 = Republican Party (United States) | last_election2 = 15 seats | seats_before2 = 20 | seats2 = 8 | seats_after2 = 25 | seat_change2 = {{increase}} 5 | 1data2 = 3 | party4 = Know-Nothing | last_election4 = 2 seats | seats_before4 = 4 | seats4 = 0 | seats_after4 = 2 | seat_change4 = {{decrease}} 2 | 1data4 = 2 | party5 = Other | last_election5 = 4 seats | seats_before5 = 0 | seats5 = 0 | seats_after5 = 0 | seat_change5 = {{steady}} | 1data5 = 0 | title = Majority Party | before_election = Democratic Party | after_election = Democratic Party }}The United States Senate elections of 1858 and 1859 were elections which had the Republican Party gain five additional seats in the United States Senate, but the Democrats retained their majority. That majority would erode in 1860 with the secession of the southern states leading up to the Civil War. In Illinois, incumbent Stephen A. Douglas (D) and challenger Abraham Lincoln (R) held a series of seven debates, known as the "Lincoln–Douglas debates." As this election was prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by State legislatures. Results summary Senate Party Division, 36th Congress (1859-1861) - Majority Party: Democratic (38–25)
- Minority Party: Republican (25–26)
- Other Parties: American (2)
- Total Seats: 66–68
Change in Senate compositionBefore the electionsD3 | D2 | D1 | | D4 | D5 | D6 | D7 | D8 | D9 | D10 | D11 | D12 | D13 | D23 | D22 | D21 | D20 | D19 | D18 | D17 | D16 | D15 | D14 | D24 | D25 | D26 Ran | D27 Ran | D28 Ran | D29 Ran | D30 Ran | D31 Ran | D32 Ran | D33 Ran |
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Majority → | D34 Ran |
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KN4 Unknown | D42 Retired | D41 Retired | D40 Retired | D39 Retired | D38 Retired | D37 Ran | D36 Ran | D35 Ran |
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KN3 Unknown | KN2 | KN1 | R20 Ran | R19 Ran | R18 Ran | R17 | R16 | R15 | R14 |
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R4 | R5 | R6 | R7 | R8 | R9 | R10 | R11 | R12 | R13 | R3 | R2 | R1 | |
As a result of the electionsD3 | D2 | D1 | | D4 | D5 | D6 | D7 | D8 | D9 | D10 | D11 | D12 | D13 | D23 | D22 | D21 | D20 | D19 | D18 | D17 | D16 | D15 | D14 | D24 | D25 | D26 Re-elected | D27 Re-elected | D28 Re-elected | D29 Re-elected | D30 Re-elected | D31 Re-elected | D32 Re-elected | D33 Hold |
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Majority → | D34 Hold |
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R24 Gain | R25 Gain | KN1 | KN2 | V1 D Loss | D38 Gain | D37 Gain | D36 Hold | D35 Hold |
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R23 Gain | R22 Gain | R21 Gain | R20 Re-elected | R19 Re-elected | R18 Re-elected | R17 | R16 | R15 | R14 |
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R4 | R5 | R6 | R7 | R8 | R9 | R10 | R11 | R12 | R13 | R3 | R2 | R1 | |
Key:D# | Democratic | KN# | Know Nothing | R# | Republican | V# | Vacant |
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Race summariesSpecial elections during the 35th CongressIn these elections, the winners were seated during 1858 or in 1859 before March 4; ordered by election date. State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates |
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Senator | Party | Electoral history |
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Minnesota (Class 1) | New state | Minnesota's first Senators were elected May 11, 1858. Democratic gain. | √ Henry M. Rice (Democratic) {{dm}} | Minnesota (Class 2) | New state | Minnesota's first Senators were elected May 11, 1858. Democratic gain. | √ James Shields (Democratic) {{dm}} | North Carolina (Class 3) | Thomas Clingman | Democratic | 1858 (Appointed) | Interim appointee elected November 23, 1858 to finish the term.[1] | √ Thomas Clingman (Democratic) {{dm}} | South Carolina (Class 2) | Arthur P. Hayne | Democratic | 1858 (Appointed) | Interim appointee retired when successor elected. Winner elected December 3, 1858. Democratic hold. Winner was also elected to the next term, see below. | √ James Chesnut, Jr. (Democratic) {{dm}} | Oregon (Class 2) | New state | Oregon's first Senators were elected February 14, 1859. Democratic gain. | √ Delazon Smith (Democratic) {{dm}} | Oregon (Class 3) | New state | Oregon's first Senators were elected February 14, 1859. Democratic gain. | √ Joseph Lane (Democratic) {{dm}} |
Races leading to the 36th CongressIn these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1859; ordered by state. All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats. State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates |
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Senator | Party | Electoral history |
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Alabama | Clement Claiborne Clay | Democratic | 1853 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1858. | √ Clement Claiborne Clay (Democratic) {{dm}} | Arkansas | William K. Sebastian | Democratic | 1848 (Appointed) 1848 (Special) 1853 | Incumbent re-elected in 1859. | √ William K. Sebastian (Democratic) {{dm}} | Delaware | Martin W. Bates | Democratic | 1857 (Special) | Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected in 1858. Democratic hold. | √ Willard Saulsbury, Sr. (Democratic) {{dm}} | Georgia | Robert Toombs | Democratic | 1852 | Incumbent re-elected in 1858. | √ Robert Toombs (Democratic) {{dm}} | Illinois | Stephen A. Douglas | Democratic | 1846 1852 | Incumbent re-elected in 1858. | √ Stephen A. Douglas (Democratic) Abraham Lincoln (Republican) | Iowa | George Wallace Jones | Democratic | 1848 1852 | Incumbent lost renomination. Winner elected January 26, 1858.[2] Republican gain. | √ James W. Grimes (Republican) Benjamin M. Samuels (Democratic) | Kentucky | John B. Thompson | Know Nothing | 1852 or 1853 | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Winner elected in January 1858. Democratic gain. | √ Lazarus W. Powell (Democratic) {{dm}} | Louisiana | Judah P. Benjamin | Democratic | 1852 | Incumbent re-elected in 1859. | √ Judah P. Benjamin (Whig) {{dm}} | Maine | William P. Fessenden | Republican | 1854 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1859. | √ William P. Fessenden (Republican) {{dm}} | Massachusetts | Henry Wilson | Republican | 1855 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1859. | √ Henry Wilson (Republican) {{dm}} | Michigan | Charles E. Stuart | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1858. Republican gain. | √ Kinsley S. Bingham (Republican) {{dm}} | Minnesota | James Shields | Democratic | 1848 or 1849 (Illinois) 1849 (Illinois: Election voided) 1849 (Illinois: Special) 1855 (Illinois: Lost) 1858 (Minnesota) | Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected in 1858 or 1859. Republican gain. | √ Morton S. Wilkinson (Republican) James Shields (Democratic) {{dm}} | Mississippi | Albert G. Brown | Democratic | 1854 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1859. | √ Albert G. Brown (Democratic) {{dm}} | New Hampshire | John P. Hale | Republican | 1846 1853 (Retired) 1855 | Incumbent re-elected in 1859. | √ John P. Hale (Republican) {{dm}} | New Jersey | William Wright | Democratic | 1852 or 1853 | Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected in 1858. Republican gain. | √ John C. Ten Eyck (Republican) {{dm}} | North Carolina | David Reid | Democratic | 1854 | Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected in 1858 or 1859. Democratic hold. | √ Thomas Bragg (Democratic) {{dm}} | Oregon | Delazon Smith | Democratic | 1859 | Incumbent lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect. Democratic loss. Seat would remain vacant until 1860. | Delazon Smith (Democratic) {{dm}} | Rhode Island | Philip Allen | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1858. Republican gain. | √ Henry B. Anthony (Republican) {{dm}} | South Carolina | Arthur P. Hayne | Democratic | 1858 (Appointed) | Interim appointee retired. Winner elected December 3, 1858. Democratic hold. Winner was also elected to finish the current term, see above. | √ James Chesnut, Jr. (Democratic) {{dm}} | Tennessee | John Bell | Know Nothing | 1847 1853 | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Winner elected in 1858. Democratic gain. | √ Alfred O. P. Nicholson (Democratic) {{dm}} | Texas | Sam Houston | Democratic | 1846 1847 1853 | Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1859. Democratic hold. | √ John Hemphill (Democratic) {{dm}} | Virginia | Robert M. T. Hunter | Democratic | 1846 1852 | Incumbent re-elected in 1858. | √ Robert M. T. Hunter (Democratic) {{dm}} |
Race leading to the 37th CongressIn this general election, the winner was elected for the term beginning March 4, 1861. This election involved a Class 3 seat. State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates |
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Senator | Party | Electoral history |
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Kentucky (Class 3) | John J. Crittenden | Know Nothing | 1817 1819 (Resigned) 1835 1841 (Retired) 1842 (Appointed) 1842 or 1843 (Special) 1843 1848 (Resigned) 1853 | Incumbent retired. Winner elected December 12, 1859, far in advance of the term. Winner wasn't seated until term began March 4, 1861. Democratic gain. | √ John C. Breckinridge (Democratic) {{dm}} |
Elections during the 36th CongressIn this election, the winner was elected in 1859 on or after March 4; ordered by date. State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates |
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Senator | Party | Electoral history |
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Texas (Class 1) | Matthias Ward | Democratic | 1858 (Appointed) | Interim appointee lost nomination to finish the term. Winner was elected December 5, 1859. Democratic hold. | √ Louis Wigfall (Democratic) {{dm}} |
See also- United States elections, 1858
- United States House of Representatives elections, 1858 and 1859
- 35th United States Congress
- 36th United States Congress
- Lincoln–Douglas debates
References1. ^{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PeHByMYxVm8C | title= The Senate, 1789-1989: Historical Statistics, 1789-1992 | edition=volume 4 Bicentennial | first1= Robert C. | last1= Byrd | author-link1=Robert Byrd | first2= Wendy | last2=Wolff | publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office | date=October 1, 1993 }}, page 150 2. ^{{cite book | title=History of Senatorial Elections in Iowa: A Study in American Politics| first= Dan Elbert |last= Clark |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=jXJDAAAAIAAJ | page=119}}
- [https://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/history/one_item_and_teasers/partydiv.htm Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present], via Senate.gov
{{United States Senate elections}}{{Lincoln–Douglas debates}} 2 : 1858 United States Senate elections|1859 United States Senate elections |