释义 |
- Results summary
- Change in Senate composition Before the elections Result of the elections Beginning of the next Congress
- Race summaries Elections during the 43rd Congress Races leading to the 44th Congress Elections during the 44th Congress
- Complete list of races New York Pennsylvania
- See also
- References
{{For|related races|United States elections, 1874}}{{Infobox election | election_name = United States Senate elections, 1874 and 1875 | country = United States | flag_year = 1867 | type = legislative | ongoing = no | previous_election = United States Senate elections, 1872 and 1873 | previous_year = 1872/73 | next_election = United States Senate elections, 1876 and 1877 | next_year = 1876/77 | seats_for_election = 25 of the 74 seats in the United States Senate (with special elections) | majority_seats = 38 | election_date = Dates vary by state (And other dates for special elections) | image_size = 100px | 1blank = Seats up | party1 = Republican Party (United States) | seats_before1 = 52 | seats1 = 10 | seats_after1 = 42 | seat_change1 = {{decrease}} 10 | 1data1 = 20 | party2 = Democratic Party (United States) | seats_before2 = 19 | seats2 = 14 | seats_after2 = 28 | seat_change2 = {{increase}} 9 | 1data2 = 5 | party4 = Liberal Republican Party (United States) | seats_before4 = 2 | seats4 = 0 | seats_after4 = 2 | seat_change4 = {{steady}} | 1data4 = 0 | party5 = Anti-Monopoly Party (United States) | seats_before5 = 0 | seats5 = 1 | seats_after5 = 1 | seat_change5 = {{increase}} 1 | 1data5 = 0 | title = Majority Party | before_election = | before_party = Republican Party (United States) | after_election = | after_party = Republican Party (United States) }}The United States Senate elections of 1874 and 1875 had the Democratic Party gain nine seats in the United States Senate from the Republican Party (the party of incumbent President Ulysses S. Grant). Republicans remained in the majority, however. As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by State legislatures. Results summaryColored shading indicates party with largest share of that row.Parties | | | | | Total |
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Democratic | Republican | Liberal Republican | Anti- Monopoly |
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Before these elections | 19 | 52 | 2 | 0 | 73 |
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Not up | 14 | 32 | 2 | — | 48 |
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| Class 2 (1870/71) | 9 | 15 | 1 | — | 25 |
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Class 3 (1872/73) | 5 | 17 | 1 | — | 31 |
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Up | 5 | 22 | 1 | — | 36 |
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| General: Class 1 | 5 | 20 | — | — | 25 |
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Special: Class 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | — | 2 |
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Special: Class 2 | 0 | 1 | — | — | 1 |
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| Incumbent retired | 2 | 11 | — | — | 13 |
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| Held by same party | 1 | 4 | — | — | 5 |
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Replaced by other party | {{decrease}}7 Republicans replaced by {{increase}}7 Democrats {{decrease}}1 Democrat replaced by {{increase}}1 Anti-Monopolist | {{increase{{decrease8 |
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Result | 8 | 4 | — | 1 | 13 |
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Incumbent's intent unknown | 1 | 4 | — | — | 5 |
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| Held by same party | 1 | 2 | — | — | 3 |
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Replaced by other party | {{decrease}}2 Republicans replaced by {{increase}}2 Democrats | {{increase{{decrease2 |
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Result | 3 | 2 | — | — | 5 |
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Incumbent ran | 2 | 5 | — | — | 7 |
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| Won re-election | 2 | 2 | — | — | 4 |
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Lost re-election | {{decrease}}1 Republican replaced by {{increase}}1 Democrat | 1 |
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Lost renomination but held by same party | — | 2 | — | — | 2 |
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Result | 3 | 4 | — | — | 7 |
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| Total elected | 14 | 10 | — | 1 | 25 |
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Net change | {{increase}}9 | {{decrease}}10 | — | {{increase}}1 | {{increase{{decrease9 |
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| Result | 28 | 42 | 2 | 1 | 73 |
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Change in Senate composition Before the elections After the April 17, 1874 special election in Massachusetts. D7 | D6 | D5 | D4 | D3 | D2 | D1 | | D8 | D9 | D10 | D11 | D12 | D13 | D14 | D15 Ran | D16 Ran | D17 Unknown |
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R48 Retired | R49 Retired | R50 Retired | R51 Retired | R52 Retired | LR1 | LR2 | V1 | D19 Retired | D18 Retired |
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R47 Retired | R46 Retired | R45 Retired | R44 Retired | R43 Retired | R42 Retired | R41 Retired | R40 Unknown | R39 Unknown | R38 Unknown |
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Majority → | R37 Ran |
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R28 | R29 | R30 | R31 | R32 | R33 Ran | R34 Ran | R35 Ran | R36 Ran |
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R27 | R26 | R25 | R24 | R23 | R22 | R21 | R20 | R19 | R18 | R8 | R9 | R10 | R11 | R12 | R13 | R14 | R15 | R16 | R17 | R7 | R6 | R5 | R4 | R3 | R2 | R1 | |
Result of the elections D7 | D6 | D5 | D4 | D3 | D2 | D1 | | D8 | D9 | D10 | D11 | D12 | D13 | D14 | D15 Re-elected | D16 Re-elected | D17 Hold |
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D27 Gain | D26 Gain | D25 Gain | D24 Gain | D23 Gain | D22 Gain | D21 Gain | D20 Gain | D19 Gain | D18 Hold |
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D28 Gain | AM1 Gain | V1 | LR2 | LR1 | R42 Hold | R41 Hold | R40 Hold | R39 Hold | R38 Hold |
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Majority → | R37 Hold |
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R28 | R29 | R30 | R31 | R32 | R33 Re-elected | R34 Re-elected | R35 Hold | R36 Hold |
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R27 | R26 | R25 | R24 | R23 | R22 | R21 | R20 | R19 | R18 | R8 | R9 | R10 | R11 | R12 | R13 | R14 | R15 | R16 | R17 | R7 | R6 | R5 | R4 | R3 | R2 | R1 | |
Beginning of the next Congress D7 | D6 | D5 | D4 | D3 | D2 | D1 | | D8 | D9 | D10 | D11 | D12 | D13 | D14 | D15 | D16 | D17 | D27 | D26 | D25 | D24 | D23 | D22 | D21 | D20 | D19 | D18 | D28 | AM1 | V1 | R44 Change | R43 Change | R42 | R41 | R40 | R39 | R38 |
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Majority → | R37 | R28 | R29 | R30 | R31 | R32 | R33 | R34 | R35 | R36 | R27 | R26 | R25 | R24 | R23 | R22 | R21 | R20 | R19 | R18 | R8 | R9 | R10 | R11 | R12 | R13 | R14 | R15 | R16 | R17 | R7 | R6 | R5 | R4 | R3 | R2 | R1 | |
Key:AM# | Anti-Monopoly Party | D# | Democratic | LR# | Liberal Republican | R# | Republican | V# | Vacant |
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Race summaries Elections during the 43rd Congress In these elections, the winners were seated during 1874 or in 1875 before March 4; ordered by election date. State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates |
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Senator | Party | Electoral history |
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Kansas (Class 2) | Robert Crozier | Republican | 1873 (Appointed) | Interim appointee retired February 2, 1874. Winner elected February 2, 1874. Republican hold. | √ James M. Harvey (Republican) {{dm}} | Mississippi (Class 1) | Adelbert Ames | Republican | 1870 | Incumbent resigned March 17, 1873 to become Governor of Mississippi. Winner elected February 3, 1874. Republican hold. Winner did not run for the next term, see below. | √ Henry R. Pease (Republican) {{dm}} | Massachusetts (Class 1) | Charles Sumner | Liberal Republican | 1851 (Special) 1857 1863 1869 | Incumbent died March 12, 1874. Winner elected April 17, 1874. Republican gain. Winner did not run for the next term, see below. | √ William B. Washburn (Republican) {{dm}} |
Races leading to the 44th Congress In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1875; ordered by state. All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats. State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates |
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Senator | Party | Electoral history |
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California | John S. Hager | Democratic | 1873 (Special) | Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1874. Anti-Monopoly gain. | √ Newton Booth (Anti-Monopoly) {{dm}} | Connecticut | William Alfred Buckingham | Republican | 1868 or 1869 | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Winner elected in 1874 or 1875. Democratic gain. Incumbent died February 5, 1875 and winner was then appointed to finish the term. | √ William W. Eaton (Democratic) {{dm}} | Delaware | Thomas F. Bayard | Democratic | 1869 | Incumbent re-elected in 1875. | √ Thomas F. Bayard (Democratic) {{dm}} | Florida | Abijah Gilbert | Republican | 1868 or 1869 | Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1875. Democratic gain. | √ Charles W. Jones (Democratic) {{dm}} | Indiana | Daniel D. Pratt | Republican | 1868 | Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1874 or 1875. Democratic gain. | √ Joseph E. McDonald (Democratic) {{dm}} | Maine | Hannibal Hamlin | Republican | 1857 1861 (Resigned) 1869 | Incumbent re-elected in 1875. | √ Hannibal Hamlin (Republican) {{dm}} | Maryland | William P. Whyte | Democratic | 1874 (Appointed) | Incumbent retired to run for Maryland Governor. Winner elected in 1874. Democratic hold. | √ William P. Whyte (Democratic) {{dm}} | Massachusetts | William B. Washburn | Republican | 1874 (Special) | Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1875. Republican hold. | √ Henry L. Dawes (Republican) {{dm}} | Michigan | Zachariah Chandler | Republican | 1857 1863 1869 | Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected in 1874. Republican hold. | √ Isaac P. Christiancy (Republican) Zachariah Chandler (Republican) {{dm}} | Minnesota | Alexander Ramsey | Republican | 1863 1869 | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Winner elected in 1875. Republican hold. | √ Samuel J. R. McMillan (Republican) {{dm}} | Mississippi | Henry R. Pease | Republican | 1874 (Special) | Incumbent retired. Winner elected in February 1874. Republican hold. | √ Blanche Bruce (Republican) {{dm}} | Missouri | Carl Schurz | Republican | 1868 | Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected in 1874. Democratic gain. | √ Francis Cockrell (Democratic) Carl Schurz (Republican) {{dm}} | Nebraska | Thomas Tipton | Republican | 1867 1869 | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Winner elected in 1875. Republican hold. | √ Algernon Paddock (Republican) {{dm}} | Nevada | William M. Stewart | Republican | 1865 1869 | Incumbent retired. Winner elected January 12, 1875. Republican hold. | √ William Sharon (Republican) {{dm}} | New Jersey | John P. Stockton | Democratic | 1864 1866 (Lost election dispute) 1869 | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Winner elected in 1875. Democratic hold. | √ Theodore Fitz Randolph (Democratic) {{dm}} | New York | Reuben E. Fenton | Republican | 1869 | Incumbent retired. Winner elected January 20, 1875. Democratic gain. | √ Francis Kernan (Democratic) 87 Edwin D. Morgan (Republican) 68 John T. Hoffman (Democratic) 1 | Ohio | Allen G. Thurman | Democratic | 1868 | Incumbent re-elected in 1874. | √ Allen G. Thurman (Democratic) {{dm}} | Pennsylvania | John Scott | Republican | 1869 | Incumbent retired. Winner elected January 19, 1875. Democratic gain. | √ William A. Wallace (Democratic) 49.8% John Allison (Republican) 46.22% | Rhode Island | William Sprague IV | Republican | 1862 1868 | Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1875. Republican hold. | √ Ambrose Burnside (Republican) {{dm}} | Tennessee | William G. Brownlow | Republican | 1867 (Early) | Incumbent retired. Winner elected January 26, 1875. Democratic gain. | √ Andrew Johnson (Democratic) Candidates included Johnson, John C. Brown, William B. Bate, William Andrew Quarles, John H. Stephens, John Houston Savage, and Gustavus Adolphus Henry Sr. Johnson won after the 54th ballot. He attained 47 votes before switches, four short of a majority, and won with 52.[1] | Texas | James W. Flanagan | Republican | 1870 (Special) | Incumbent retired. Winner elected on January 28, 1875. Democratic gain. | √ Samuel B. Maxey (Democratic) Democrats regained control of the state government following the end of Reconstruction, so Flanagan was not a candidate. In a joint session of the state legislature, Maxey received 59 first ballot votes to 40 for James W. Throckmorton, and 13 for Republican Edward T. Randle.[2] | Vermont | George F. Edmunds | Republican | 1866 (Appointed) 1866 (Special) 1868 | Incumbent re-elected on October 20, 1874. | √ George F. Edmunds (Republican) The Vermont Senate voted to re-elect Edmunds with 28 votes to 1 for Democrat Edward J. Phelps. The Vermont House of Representatives cast 151 ballots for Edmunds, with 48 for Edmunds and 13 Republican votes going to Charles W. Willard.[3] | Virginia | John F. Lewis | Republican | 1870 (Special) | Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1875. Democratic gain. | √ Robert E. Withers (Democratic) {{dm}} | West Virginia | Arthur I. Boreman | Republican | 1868 or 1869 | Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1874 or 1875. Democratic gain. | √ Allen T. Caperton (Democratic) {{dm}} | Wisconsin | Matthew H. Carpenter | Republican | 1868 or 1869 | Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected February 1875. Republican hold. | √ Angus Cameron (Republican) Matthew H. Carpenter (Republican) {{dm}} |
Elections during the 44th Congress There were no special elections in 1875 to the 44th Congress. Complete list of races New York The New York election was held on January 19 and 20, 1875, by the New York State Legislature. Republican Reuben E. Fenton had been elected in January 1869 to this seat, and his term would expire on March 3, 1875. At the state election in November 1873, a Republican majority was elected for a two-year term (1874-1875) in the State Senate. At the State election in November 1874, Democrat Samuel J. Tilden was elected Governor, 75 Democrats and 53 Republicans were elected for the session of 1875 to the Assembly, and Democrat Albert P. Laning was elected in the 31st District to fill a vacancy in the State Senate. The 98th New York State Legislature met from January 5 to May 19, 1875, at Albany, New York. The caucus of Democratic State legislators met on January 15, State Senator Albert P. Laning, of Buffalo, presided. All but one of the legislators were present, only Assemblyman John M. Roscoe, of Schoharie County, was sick. The caucus nominated Francis Kernan for the U.S. Senate. Kernan had been the Democratic/Liberal Republican candidate for Governor in November 1872 but had been defeated by John Adams Dix. Now Kernan was the choice of Tammany boss John Kelly who had succeeded the corrupt William M. Tweed. Kelly was opposed by John C. Jacobs, who proposed Ex-State Senator Henry C. Murphy, Jacobs's predecessor from the 3rd District, and the Democratic candidate who had lost the U.S. Senate elections in 1867 and 1869 when the Democrats were the minority. Kelly stood firm in his intention to dominate the Democratic Party, and had the caucus nomination made by viva voce vote instead of the more traditional secret ballot. Jacobs and Murphy had expected to get votes from many legislators who would not dare to cross Kelly openly, but had to abandon their hopes when the secret ballot was voted down 74 to 13. 1875 Democratic caucus for United States Senator result Candidate | First ballot |
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Francis Kernan | 77 | Henry C. Murphy | 9 | John T. Hoffman | 1 | The caucus of the Republican State legislators nominated Ex-U.S. Senator from New York Edwin D. Morgan. On January 19, the Democratic majority of the Assembly nominated Francis Kernan, and the Republican majority of the State Senate nominated Ex-U.S. Senator Edwin D. Morgan. On January 20, both Houses met in joint session to compare nominations, and finding that they disagreed, proceeded to a joint ballot. Francis Kernan was elected, the first Democratic U.S. Senator from New York since 1851 when Daniel S. Dickinson left office. House | Democrat | Republican | Democrat |
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State Senate (32 members) | Francis Kernan | 13 | Edwin D. Morgan | 16 | State Assembly (128 members) | Francis Kernan | 74 | Edwin D. Morgan | 52 | John T. Hoffman | 1 | Joint Ballot (160 members) | Francis Kernan | 87 | Edwin D. Morgan | 68 | John T. Hoffman | 1 |
Note: The vote for Ex-Governor of New York Hoffman was cast by Reuben E. Fenton's brother-in-law Samuel Scudder, a Democratic Assemblyman from Cattaraugus County. Pennsylvania The Pennsylvania election was held on January 19, 1875. The Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, elected William A. Wallace.[4] {{Election box begin no change| title=State Legislature Results[4][5]}}{{Election box candidate with party link no change| |party = Democratic Party (United States) |candidate = William A. Wallace |votes = 125 |percentage = 49.80 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change| |party = Republican Party (United States) |candidate = John Allison |votes = 116 |percentage = 46.22 |change = }}{{Election box candidate no change| |party = N/A |candidate = Not voting |votes = 10 |percentage = 3.98 |change = }} |- |-bgcolor="#EEEEEE" | colspan="3" align="right" | Totals | align="right" | 251 | align="right" | 100.00% |}See also- United States elections, 1874
- United States House of Representatives elections, 1874
- 43rd United States Congress
- 44th United States Congress
References1. ^{{cite book |last=Hearn |first=Chester G. |date=2000 |title=The Impeachment of Andrew Johnson |url=https://books.google.de/books?id=CQ_iOogPR-EC&pg=PA217 |location=Jefferson, NC |publisher=McFarland & Company |page=217 |isbn=978-0-7864-0863-4}} 2. ^{{cite book |last=Horton |first=Louise |date=1974 |title=Samuel Bell Maxey: A Biography |url=https://books.google.de/books?id=_pk_-jbaz-gC&pg=PA54 |location=Austin, TX |publisher=University of Texas Press |page=54 |isbn=978-0-292-72261-3}} 3. ^{{cite news |date=October 21, 1874 |title=Vermont: re-election of George F. Edmunds to the United States Senate |url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030313/1874-10-21/ed-1/seq-7/ |work=New York Herald |location=New York, NY |page=7 |via=Library of Congress, Chronicling America}} 4. ^1 {{cite web|title=U.S. Senate Election - 19 January 1875|url=http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/harold.cox/sen/PaSen1875.pdf|publisher=Wilkes University|accessdate=December 23, 2012}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=PA US Senate - 1875|url=http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=345200|publisher=OurCampaigns|accessdate=December 22, 2012}}
- [https://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/history/one_item_and_teasers/partydiv.htm Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present], via Senate.gov
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20070930153651/http://www.gpoaccess.gov/serialset/cdocuments/hd108-222/44th.pdf Members of the 44th United States Congress], via GPO.gov
- [https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1874/11/19/82736562.pdf NEW-YORK ELECTIONS.; Results of the Official Canvass for the Various Officers] in NYT on November 19, 1874
- [https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1875/01/16/82418551.pdf THE SENATORSHIP.; FRANCIS KERNAN'S SWEEPING VICTORY] in NYT on January 16, 1875
- [https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1875/01/21/82750630.pdf ALBANY.; ELECTION OF KERNAN TO THE SENATE] in NYT on January 21, 1875
- Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682-2006 from the Wilkes University Election Statistics Project
{{United States Senate elections}} 2 : 1874 United States Senate elections|1875 United States Senate elections |