词条 | 1908–09 Kangaroo tour of Great Britain | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
Not to be confused with the 1908-09 Australia rugby union tour of Britain The 1908–09 Kangaroo tour of Great Britain was the first ever such tour for the newly-formed Australia national rugby league team (or 'The Kangaroos'). The tour was to England and Wales and coincided with the first Wallabies Rugby Union tour of Great Britain, which in hindsight put the Kangaroos in a tough position. The game of rugby league was not yet twelve months old in Australia however a New Zealand side had already toured to Britain (the All Golds in 1907), Australia had encountered New Zealand during the 1908 season and the pioneer Australian leaders of the game were keen to match up against the Northern Union founders of the code. The 1908–09 Kangaroos wore jumpers of sky blue and maroon representing the New South Wales Blues and Queensland Maroons players that comprised the team. The first Kangaroo tour was considered a financial failure, with poor weather and economic conditions contributing to smaller than expected gate takings.[1] Tour promoter James Giltinan was bankrupted as result. However for almost a century afterward, Kangaroo tours took place every four years and involved a three-Test Ashes series against Great Britain (under the name Northern Union) and a number of tour matches. The 1908-09 tour was later depicted in the 1988 Australian television movie The First Kangaroos.[2] The tourItineraryThe Kangaroos sailed for Britain on RMS Macedonia prior to the close of the 1908 NSWRFL season, denying some of the selected players to appear in the inaugural grand final.[3] They worked as stokers to keep their fitness levels up as well as doing daily sessions in the ship's gymnasium and boxing ring. The jerseys were coloured sky blue and maroon, combining the state colours of NSW and Queensland respectively. When tour captain, Lutge was injured early in the tour, Messenger became captain in the 1st and 2nd Test Matches. After he was injured, Alec Burdon assumed the captaincy for the 3rd Test. One of the players Pat Walsh sailed to Britain separately on the ship, Salamis and brought the live Kangaroo mascot with him. Walsh arrived in England for the 5th match of the tour against Salford.The team's live marsupial mascot died before the end of the tour due to the execrable weather.[4] The Kangaroos scored some memorable victories, including wins against Yorkshire, Lancashire and Hunslet (featuring their fearsome forwards "The Terrible Six"). Rugby league made its first appearance in Scotland in 1909 when Glasgow’s Celtic Park hosted a game between the Northern Rugby Football Union representative side and the touring Australians.[5] ResultsMatches played: 45 Won: 17 Drew: 6 Lost: 22 [6] Leading try scorers of the tour were Devereaux 17, Messenger 10, Frawley 10, Walsh 9, Courtney 8. Dally Messenger was the tourists' leading point-scorer with 160, a full 103 points clear of next highest-scorer.[7]
Financial difficultiesThe seven-month tour proved to be a true test of survival and was almost a disaster due to small gate-takings.[8] A crippling cotton mill strike in northern England made it difficult for many fans to afford their way through the turnstiles and there was criticism of the entry price the Australians wanted to charge. Australian morale ebbed during one of the meanest northern winters on record.[9] {{cquote|We are having nothing but rain, snow, sleet and cold... why, you cannot feel your hands and feet and the referees are cruel, don't give us anything at all.[10] James Giltinan, Tour Manager wrote home in 1908 |30px|30px| }} Giltinan as promoter of the tour had borrowed £2,000 to fund the operation and took the full risk. He paid the players a weekly allowance of one pound early in the tour but before long it was cut to ten shillings. Things eventually became so bad that the team would travel on overnight trains to save on accommodation.The players had sailed from Sydney on one-way fares and the Northern Union had to pay the players' fares home. Later, evidence emerged that Giltinan lost £418 on the campaign and was bankrupted on his return to Sydney.[11] AftermathPeter Moir a seminal figure in the foundation of the Glebe club had an unhappy tour and played in only four games and no Tests. At tour's end he wrote a letter home, The team is run by a clique and you are picked by them. I am very disappointed at not getting a game. It is very hard as all my people live here and they keep asking me why I am not playing and I cannot tell them a lie. [11]Deane, Walsh, Frawley, Devereux, McCabe and Rosenfeld all stayed behind to play in the wintry Northern Union competition when the Australians boarded the RMS Seuvic for the journey home.[11] On the return journey Messenger met and fell in love with Annie Macauley whom he would marry. Also while en route back to Australia, secretary J. J. Giltinan, president Henry Hoyle and treasurer, Victor Trumper, the men who had done most to form the NSWRL, were being voted out of it.[12]Touring partyTour managementTour manager: James Giltinan Assistant manager: John Fihelly Tour secretary: Bill Noble Tour captain: Denis Lutge A rugged North Sydney forward North who worked as a stevedore, Lutge was elected Tour Captain by his team-mates shortly after the squad set sail from Sydney. He had captained Australia in the 3rd ever Test match against New Zealand in June 1908. Lutge broke his arm early in the tour and appeared in only five tour matches and no Tests. [13] Test captains: Dally Messenger & Alex Burdon Lutge's deputy as tour vice-captain, Messenger stepped up to lead Australia in the first two Tests, scoring all of Australian's points in the 2nd. A knee injury from attempting field goals kept him out of the 3rd Test. Burdon was one of the founders of the Glebe club and its first captain. He was a selector on the 1908 tour and selected himself in two Tests and 24 tour matches. He led Australia in the 3rd Test. [13][15] Touring squad
Test matchesFirst Test{{Rugbyleaguebox |bg = #eeeeee | team1 = Northern Union {{flagicon|GBR}} | team2 = {{Rl|AUS}} | score = 22 – 22 | report = | points1 = Tries: points2 = Tries: date = 12 December 1908 | stadium = Park Royal Ground, London | attendance = 2,000 | referee = J Smith | manofmatch = | }}
Great Britain led 14-5 at half-time and stretched to 17-5 before Australia began their fightback spearheaded by Devereaux's three ties. They led 22-20 in the dying minutes before Great Britain snatched a draw with a penalty goal. {{Clear}}Second Test{{Rugbyleaguebox |bg = #eeeeee | team1 = Northern Union {{flagicon|GBR}} | team2 = {{Rl|AUS}} | score = 15 – 5 | report = | points1 = Tries: points2 = Tries: date = 23 January 1909 | stadium = St James' Park, Newcastle | attendance = 22,000 | referee = W McCutcheon | manofmatch = | }}
Third Test{{Rugbyleaguebox |bg = #eeeeee | team1 = Northern Union {{flagicon|GBR}} | team2 = {{Rl|AUS}} | score = 6 – 5 | report = | points1 = Tries: points2 = Tries: date = 10 February 1909 | stadium = Villa Park, Birmingham | attendance = 9,000 | referee = E Smirk | manofmatch = | }}
A heavy pitch limited scoring opportunities and Great Britain went to the half-time break with a three nil lead. Australia's defence was solid throughout the second half and when Frawley scored for Devereaux to convert they took the lead. However, with Australian centre Bill Heidke off the field having a dislocated shoulder put back in place, Oldham winger George Tyson scored late in the match and secured The Ashes for Great Britain for the first time.[16] {{Clear}}References1. ^{{cite book |title= The best ever Australian Sports Writing|last= Cunneen|first= Chris|authorlink= |coauthors= |year= 2001|publisher= Black Inc.|location= Australia|isbn= 1-86395-266-7|page= 318|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=66OBschGE_YC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate= 19 February 2011}} 2. ^{{Cite news | last = John Robinson and Garrett Jones | first = | coauthors = | title = Family fights to clear League Hero's Name | work = The Sydney Morning Herald | place = Australia | page = 74 | language = | publisher = | date = 8 June 1988 | url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=eq8yAAAAIBAJ&sjid=XOQDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3217,6447980 | accessdate = 20 February 2011}} 3. ^{{cite news | last = | first = | coauthors = | title = Football | work = The Sydney Mail | place = | pages = 644 | language = | publisher = | date = 1908-09-02 | url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=U30QAAAAIBAJ&sjid=DpUDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6923,3477172 | accessdate = 2009-11-20}} 4. ^The Arrow. April 17, 1909 5. ^{{cite web|title=Scotland|url=http://www.rlwc2013.com/teams/scotland|work=rlwc2013.com|publisher=Rugby League International Federation|accessdate=22 September 2013}} 6. ^1908-09 Kangaroo Tour at Rugby League Project 7. ^{{cite web |last = totalrl.com |first = |authorlink = |coauthors = |title = Death of The Master |work = On this day in history |publisher = League Publications Ltd |date = |url = http://www.rugbyleague.org/features/content.php?feat_id=285&featcat_id=32 |format = |doi = |accessdate = 2009-07-13 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110727230249/http://www.rugbyleague.org/features/content.php?feat_id=285&featcat_id=32 |archive-date = 2011-07-27 |dead-url = yes |df = }} 8. ^{{cite news | last = Cann | first = W. A. | coauthors = | title = 1908-09 Kangaroos blazed R. L. trail | work = Sydney Morning Herald, The | place = | pages = 9 | language = | publisher = | date = 1946-06-12 | url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=P9MQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=x5MDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5949,5373766 | accessdate = 2009-07-06}} 9. ^Andrews, ABC of Rugby League p299 10. ^{{cite news | last =Baker | first =Andrew | title =100 years of rugby league: From the great divide to the Super era | newspaper = Independent, The | publisher =independent.co.uk | date =1995-08-20 | url =https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/100-years-of-rugby-league-from-the-great-divide-to-the-super-era-1597130.html | accessdate =2009-09-25 }} 11. ^Heads, Middleton p45 12. ^{{cite book | last = John Coffey, Bernie Wood | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = 100 years: Māori rugby league, 1908-2008 | publisher = Huia Publishers | year = 2008 | location = | pages = | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=nklWo8vw-iIC&printsec=frontcover | doi = | id = | isbn =978-1-86969-331-2}} 13. ^1 2 3 4 5 Heads Middleton pp36-37 14. ^Heads Middleton p57 15. ^Whiticker p 22 16. ^Heads, Middleton p37 Sources
8 : 1908 in English rugby league|1909 in English rugby league|Australia national rugby league team tours|1908 in Australian rugby league|1909 in Australian rugby league|Rugby league tours of Great Britain|1908 in Welsh rugby league|1909 in Welsh rugby league |
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