| 词条 | 1919 Aberdeenshire and Kincardineshire Central by-election |
| 释义 |
|election_name=1919 Aberdeenshire and Kincardineshire Central by-election |type=presidential |country=United Kingdom |previous_election=Aberdeenshire and Kincardineshire Central (UK Parliament constituency)#Elections in the 1910s |previous_year=1918 |next_election=Aberdeenshire and Kincardineshire Central (UK Parliament constituency)#Elections in the 1920s |next_year=1922 |election_date=16 April 1919 |candidate1=Wood |image1= |party1=Liberal Party (UK) |popular_vote1=4,950 |percentage1=37.5 |candidate2=Davidson |image2= |party2=Unionist Party (UK) |popular_vote2=4,764 |percentage2=36.1 |candidate3=Duncan |image3= |party3=Labour Party (UK) |popular_vote3=3,482 |percentage3=26.4 |map_image= |map_size=250px |title=MP |posttitle=Subsequent MP |before_election=Gordon |before_party=Unionist Party (UK) |after_election=Wood |after_party=Liberal Party (UK) }} The Aberdeenshire and Kincardineshire Central by-election was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Aberdeenshire and Kincardineshire Central on 16 April 1919. VacancyThe seat had become vacant when the Coalition Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) Alexander Theodore Gordon died on 6 March 1919 aged just 37, from heart failure after suffering from influenza. He had held the seat only since the 1918 general election. {{Election box begin| title=General Election 1918: Aberdeen and Kincardine Central [1]}}{{Election box candidate with party link coalition 1918| |party = Unionist Party (Scotland) |candidate = Alexander Theodore Gordon |votes = 6,546 |percentage = 52.6 |change = }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = John Henderson |votes = 5,908 |percentage = 47.4 |change = }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 638 |percentage = 5.2 |change = − }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = 12,454 |percentage = |change = − }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Unionist Party (Scotland) |loser = |swing = }}{{Election box end 1918}} Political backgroundAccording to reports in The Times, popular opinion was swinging against the coalition government of David Lloyd George and Bonar Law and the Independent, Asquithian Liberals were making the most of the government's popularity to revive.[2] CandidatesCoalitionThe Liberal candidate at the 1918 general election, John Henderson, who had been Liberal MP for West Aberdeenshire since 1906 [3] had only lost to Gordon by the narrow margin of 638 votes.[2] Henderson had been expected to be the Liberals' by-election candidate. In fact, because of Henderson's strong showing at the general election and the traditional strength of the Liberal Party in the area, the Coalition whips were apparently prepared to endorse him for the by-election, giving him the equivalent of coalition coupon which had been offered to authorised candidates at the 1918 general election. Henderson, no doubt eager to return to Parliament, and fully supported by the local Liberal Association, had reportedly made his peace with Freddie Guest, Lloyd George's Chief Whip. However the local Conservatives were not happy with this arrangement and decided to stand their own candidate, Mr L F W Davidson.[4] This situation proved depressing for the Coalition leaders and no 'coupon' was forthcoming for either Henderson or Davidson by the time the by-election writ was moved on 24 March.[5] LiberalHenderson further muddied the waters by standing down as Liberal candidate and the local Association turned instead to Major Murdoch McKenzie Wood, a barrister and former Gordon Highlander, who had unsuccessfully fought Ayr Burghs at the 1918 general election.[6] By the time the by-election campaigning was properly under way, the 'coupon', such as it was, had presumably been bestowed on Davidson as he was described in the election literature and the press as the Coalition Unionist or Coalition Conservative candidate.[6] LabourThe contest was a three-cornered affair, with Joseph F. Duncan, the general secretary of the Scottish Farm Servants' Union, fighting the seat for Labour.[7] The popularity of the CoalitionDuncan's candidacy was expected to complicate the possible outcome of the election by splitting the anti-Coalition vote.[8] In the event, this turned out to be the case but not by quite enough to deliver the seat to the Coalition candidate and Wood was returned to Parliament with a majority of 186 over Davidson. However the combined Liberal and Labour vote amounted to 63.9% of the poll and was clearly a severe blow to the Coalition, coming so soon after their overwhelming success in the 1918 general election and hard on the heels of other by-election defeats in Hull and Leyton West. As was pointed out in The Times, no Coalition seat could be considered safe given the temper of the electorate at the time and the Coalition coupon which had been a talisman for candidates a few short weeks before was turning into a curse.[9] Result{{Election box begin ||title=Aberdeenshire and Kincardineshire Central by-election, 1919 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = Murdoch McKenzie Wood |votes = 4,950 |percentage = 37.5 |change = −9.9 }}{{Election box candidate with party link coalition 1918| |party = Unionist Party (Scotland) |candidate = Leybourne Francis Watson Davidson |votes = 4,764 |percentage = 36.1 |change = -16.5 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Labour Party (UK) |candidate = Joseph Forbes Duncan |votes = 3,482 |percentage = 26.4 |change = +26.4 }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 186 |percentage = 1.4 |change = 6.6 }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = |percentage = 56.9 |change = − }}{{Election box gain with party link| |winner = Liberal Party (UK) |loser = Unionist Party (Scotland) |swing = +3.3 }}{{Election box end 1918}} Aftermath{{Election box begin| title=General Election 1922[10]}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Liberal Party (UK) |candidate = Murdoch McKenzie Wood |votes = 9,779 |percentage = 60.1 |change = +22.6 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party = Unionist Party (Scotland) |candidate = Robert Smith |votes = 6,481 |percentage = 39.9 |change = +3.8 }}{{Election box majority| |votes = 3,298 |percentage = 20.2 |change = +13.6 }}{{Election box turnout| |votes = 16,260 |percentage = |change = }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner = Liberal Party (UK) |loser = |swing = +6.8 }}{{Election box end}} See also
References
|last=Craig |first=Fred W. S. |authorlink= F. W. S. Craig |title=British parliamentary election results 1918-1949 |year=1983 |publisher= Parliamentary Research Services |location=Chichester|isbn=978-0-900178-06-1}}
1. ^The Times, 30 December 1918 {{By-elections to the 31st UK Parliament}}2. ^1 The Times, London, 8 March 1919 3. ^The Times guide to the House of Commons Vol. 3, 1910-1918., London: Politico's Publishing 2004, p.108. {{ISBN|978-1-84275-034-6}} 4. ^The Times, London, 19 March 1919 5. ^The Times, London, 22 March 1919 6. ^1 The Times, London, 14 April 1919 7. ^The Times, London, 26 March 1919. 8. ^The Times, London, 15 April 1919 9. ^The Times, London, 1 May 1919. 10. ^The Times, 17 November 1922 4 : By-elections to the Parliament of the United Kingdom in Scottish constituencies|1919 in Scotland|1919 elections in the United Kingdom|April 1919 events |
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