“1919 Kingston upon Hull Central by-election”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

1919 Kingston upon Hull Central by-election

释义

Vacancy
Electoral history
Candidates
Campaign
Result
Aftermath
See also
References

{{Infobox election
|election_name=1919 Kingston upon Hull Central
|type=presidential
|country=United Kingdom
|previous_election=Kingston upon Hull Central (UK Parliament constituency)#Elections in the 1910s
|previous_year=1918
|next_election=Kingston upon Hull Central (UK Parliament constituency)#Elections in the 1920s
|next_year=1922
|election_date=29 March 1919
|candidate1=Kenworthy
|image1=
|party1=Liberal Party (UK)
|popular_vote1=8,616
|percentage1=52.8
|candidate2=Percy
|image2=
|party2=Unionist Party (UK)
|popular_vote2=7,699
|percentage2=47.2
|map_image=
|map_size=250px
|title=MP
|posttitle=Subsequent MP
|before_election=Sykes
|before_party=Unionist Party (UK)
|after_election=Kenworthy
|after_party=Liberal Party (UK)
}}

The Kingston upon Hull Central by-election, 1919 was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Kingston upon Hull Central on 29 March 1919. The by-election was the fifth to be held during the 1918-1922 parliament.

Vacancy

The seat had become vacant when the Coalition Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) Sir Mark Sykes died on 16 February 1919 aged 39, a victim of the Spanish flu pandemic. He had held the seat since winning the Kingston upon Hull Central by-election, 1911 on 5 July 1911.

Electoral history

The result at the last general election in 1918 was;

{{Election box begin | title=1918 General Election^[1]
}}{{Election box candidate with party link coalition 1918|
|party = Unionist Party (UK)
|candidate = Mark Sykes
|votes = 13,805
|percentage = 80.1
|change =
}}{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = Roderick Kedward
|votes = 3,434
|percentage = 19.9
|change =
}}{{Election box majority|
|votes = 10,371
|percentage = 60.2
|change =
}}{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 17,239
|percentage = 54.9
|change =
}}{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Unionist Party (UK)
|swing =
}}{{Election box end 1918}}

Candidates

The Unionists selected 32-year-old Lord Eustace Percy as their candidate to defend the seat. He was the seventh son of Henry Percy, 7th Duke of Northumberland, and Lady Edith, daughter of George Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll. He was educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford. Percy had served in the Diplomatic Service since 1911. He had not seen war service. He was standing for parliament for the first time.
The Liberals selected 33-year-old Lt-Comdr. Joseph Kenworthy as their candidate to challenge for the seat. He was born at Leamington in Warwickshire and educated at the Eastman's Royal Naval Academy in Winchester. He joined the Royal Navy in 1902 and left the service in 1920 after serving in the Admiralty war staff in London. Kenworthy first tried to enter Parliament at the 1918 general election fighting Rotherham as a Liberal but came third.

Campaign

Polling Day was set for 29 March 1919, 41 days after the death of the former MP. Nominations closed to confirm that the election would be a two-way contest.

Percy immediately received the official endorsement of the Coalition Government.

As with the Leyton West by-election 6 weeks earlier, the dominant issue of the campaign was the idea being floated by the Coalition Government of retaining Conscription during peacetime. Kenworthy took a strong line in opposition to continuing conscription. He also argued against the imposition of impossible reparations against Germany. Percy's campaign did little other than express support for the Coalition Government.^[2]

Result

According to reports in The Times newspaper, the by-election proved largely uneventful and the parties were expecting a small poll.^[3]

In the event there was a turnout of 51% which although on the lower end of the spectrum for by-elections of the day, was not the lowest experienced during the 1918–1922 Parliament.^[4] Popular opinion was swinging against the coalition government of David Lloyd George and Bonar Law and particularly against the Conservative half of the coalition.^[5] As a result, the Liberal candidate, Joseph Kenworthy, gained the seat for his party with a majority of 917 over his Coalition Conservative opponent, Lord Eustace Percy.

{{Election box begin | title=Kingston upon Hull Central by-election, 1919^[6]
}}{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = Joseph Kenworthy
|votes = 8,616
|percentage = 52.8
|change = +32.9
}}{{Election box candidate with party link coalition 1918|
|party = Unionist Party (UK)
|candidate = Eustace Percy
|votes = 7,699
|percentage = 47.2
|change = -32.9
}}{{Election box majority|
|votes = 917
|percentage = 5.6
|change = 65.8
}}{{Election box turnout|
|votes =
|percentage = 51.9
|change = -3.0
}}{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Liberal Party (UK)
|loser = Unionist Party (UK)
|swing = +32.9
}}{{Election box end 1918}}

British Pathe has newsreel footage of Joseph Kenworthy taken after his election victory.

http://www.britishpathe.com/video/commander-kenworthy/query/election

Aftermath

Kenworthy went on to hold the seat for the Liberals at the subsequent general election. The result at the following general election in 1922 was;

{{Election box begin | title=1922 General Election^[7]
}}{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = Joseph Kenworthy
|votes = 15,374
|percentage =55.5
|change =+2.7
}}{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Unionist Party (UK)
|candidate = Herbert William Looker
|votes = 12,347
|percentage =44.5
|change =-2.7
}}{{Election box majority|
|votes =3,027
|percentage =11.0
|change =+5.4
}}{{Election box turnout|
|votes =27,721
|percentage =79.1
|change =+27.2
}}{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Liberal Party (UK)
|swing = +2.7

}}{{Election box end}}

Percy was to find electoral success elsewhere and go on to sit in the Conservative Cabinet of Stanley Baldwin.

The proposal for retaining Conscription during peacetime was quickly dropped.

References

1. ^British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949, FWS Craig
2. ^Trial By Ballot by Ivor RM Davies, p30
3. ^The Times, 29 March 1919
4. ^Chris Cook and John Ramsden, By-elections in British Politics; UCL Press, 1997 pp271-272
5. ^The Times, 12 April 1919
6. ^British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949, FWS Craig
7. ^British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949, FWS Craig

{{cite book |last=Craig |first=F. W. S. |authorlink= F. W. S. Craig |title=British parliamentary election results 1918–1949 |year=1969 |publisher= Parliamentary Research Services |location=Glasgow|isbn = 0900178-01-9}}
{{Rayment-hc|date=March 2012}}

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