“1944 in the United States”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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1944 in the United States

释义

Incumbents
Federal Government Governors Lieutenant Governors
Events
January February March April May June July August September October November December Ongoing
Births
Deaths
See also
External links

Events from the year 1944 in the United States.

Incumbents

Federal Government

President: Franklin D. Roosevelt (D-New York)
Vice President: Henry A. Wallace (D-Iowa)
Chief Justice: Harlan F. Stone (New York)
Speaker of the House of Representatives: Sam Rayburn (D-Texas)
Senate Majority Leader: Alben W. Barkley (D-Kentucky)
Congress: 78th

Governors

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Governor of Alabama: Chauncey Sparks (Democratic)
Governor of Arizona: Sidney Preston Osborn (Democratic)
Governor of Arkansas: Homer Martin Adkins (Democratic)
Governor of California: Earl Warren (Republican)
Governor of Colorado: John Charles Vivian (Republican)
Governor of Connecticut: Raymond E. Baldwin (Republican)
Governor of Delaware: Walter W. Bacon (Republican)
Governor of Florida: Spessard Holland (Democratic)
Governor of Georgia: Ellis Arnall (Democratic)
Governor of Idaho: C. A. Bottolfsen (Republican)
Governor of Illinois: Dwight H. Green (Republican)
Governor of Indiana: Henry F. Schricker (Democratic)
Governor of Iowa: Bourke B. Hickenlooper (Republican)
Governor of Kansas: Andrew F. Schoeppel (Republican)
Governor of Kentucky: Simeon S. Willis (Republican)
Governor of Louisiana: Sam H. Jones (Democratic) (until May 9), Jimmie H. Davis (Democratic) (starting May 9)
Governor of Maine: Sumner Sewall (Republican)
Governor of Maryland: Herbert R. O'Conor (Democratic)
Governor of Massachusetts: Leverett Saltonstall (Republican)
Governor of Michigan: Harry Kelly (Republican)
Governor of Minnesota: Edward John Thye (Republican)
Governor of Mississippi: Dennis Murphree (Democratic) (until January 18), Thomas L. Bailey (Democratic) (starting January 18)
Governor of Missouri: Forrest C. Donnell (Republican)
Governor of Montana: Sam C. Ford (Republican)
Governor of Nebraska: Dwight Griswold (Republican)
Governor of Nevada: Edward P. Carville (Democratic)
Governor of New Hampshire: Robert O. Blood (Republican)
Governor of New Jersey: Charles Edison (Democratic) (until January 18), Walter Evans Edge (Republican) (starting January 18)
Governor of New Mexico: John J. Dempsey (Democratic)
Governor of New York: Thomas Dewey (Republican)
Governor of North Carolina: J. Melville Broughton (Democratic)
Governor of North Dakota: John Moses (Democratic)
Governor of Ohio: John W. Bricker (Republican)
Governor of Oklahoma: Robert S. Kerr (Democratic)
Governor of Oregon: Earl Snell (Republican)
Governor of Pennsylvania: Edward Martin (Republican)
Governor of Rhode Island: J. Howard McGrath (Democratic)
Governor of South Carolina: Olin D. Johnston (Democratic)
Governor of South Dakota: Merrill Q. Sharpe (Republican)
Governor of Tennessee: Prentice Cooper (Democratic)
Governor of Texas: Coke R. Stevenson (Democratic)
Governor of Utah: Herbert B. Maw (Democratic)
Governor of Vermont: William H. Wills (Republican)
Governor of Virginia: Colgate Darden (Democratic)
Governor of Washington: Arthur B. Langlie (Republican)
Governor of West Virginia: Matthew M. Neely (Democratic)
Governor of Wisconsin: Walter S. Goodland (Republican)
Governor of Wyoming: Lester C. Hunt (Democratic)

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Lieutenant Governors

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Lieutenant Governor of Alabama: Leven H. Ellis (Democratic)
Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas: James Lavesque Shaver (political party unknown)
Lieutenant Governor of California: Frederick F. Houser (Republican)
Lieutenant Governor of Colorado: William Eugene Higby (Republican)
Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut: William L. Hadden (Republican)
Lieutenant Governor of Delaware: Isaac J. MacCollum (Democratic)
Lieutenant Governor of Idaho: Edwin Nelson (Republican)
Lieutenant Governor of Illinois: Hugh W. Cross (Republican)
Lieutenant Governor of Indiana: Charles M. Dawson (Democratic)
Lieutenant Governor of Iowa: Robert D. Blue (Republican)
Lieutenant Governor of Kansas: Jess C. Denious, Sr. (Republican)
Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky: Kenneth H. Tuggle (political party unknown)
Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana: Marc M. Mouton (Democratic) (until May 9), J. Emile Verret (Democratic) (starting May 9)
Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts: Horace T. Cahill (Republican)
Lieutenant Governor of Michigan: Eugene C. Keyes (Republican)
Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota: Archie H. Miller (Republican)
Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi: vacant (until January 18), Fielding L. Wright (Republican) (starting January 18)
Lieutenant Governor of Missouri: Frank Gaines Harris (Democratic) (until December 30), vacant (starting December 30)
Lieutenant Governor of Montana: Ernest T. Eaton (political party unknown)
Lieutenant Governor of Nebraska: Roy W. Johnson (Republican)
Lieutenant Governor of Nevada: Vail M. Pittman (Democratic)
Lieutenant Governor of New Mexico: James B. Jones (Democratic)
Lieutenant Governor of New York: Joseph R. Hanley (Republican)
Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina: Reginald L. Harris (Democratic)
Lieutenant Governor of North Dakota: Henry Holt (Democratic) (until month and day unknown), vacant (starting month and day unknown)
Lieutenant Governor of Ohio: Paul M. Herbert (Republican)
Lieutenant Governor of Oklahoma: James E. Berry (Democratic)
Lieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania: John C. Bell, Jr. (Republican)
Lieutenant Governor of Rhode Island: Louis W. Cappelli (Democratic) (until month and day unknown), vacant (starting month and day unknown)
Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina: Ransome Judson Williams (Democratic)
Lieutenant Governor of South Dakota: A. C. Miller (Republican)
Lieutenant Governor of Tennessee: Joseph H. Ballew (Democratic)
Lieutenant Governor of Texas: John Lee Smith (Democratic)
Lieutenant Governor of Vermont: Mortimer R. Proctor (Republican)
Lieutenant Governor of Virginia: William M. Tuck (Democratic)
Lieutenant Governor of Washington: Victor A. Meyers (Democratic)
Lieutenant Governor of Wisconsin: Oscar Rennebohm (Republican)

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Governors and Lieutenant Governors

Events

January

January 20 – The U.S. Army 36th Infantry Division, in Italy, attempts to cross the Gari River.
January 22 – World War II – Battle of Anzio: the Allies begin the assault on Anzio, Italy. The U.S. Army 45th Infantry Division stands their ground at Anzio against violent assaults for 4 months.
January 30 – World War II: United States troops invade Majuro, Marshall Islands.
January 31 – World War II: American forces land on Kwajalein Atoll and other islands in the Japanese-held Marshall Islands.

February

February 1 – World War II: United States troops land in the Marshall Islands.
February 3 – World War II: United States troops capture the Marshall Islands.
February 14 – SHAEF headquarters is established in Britain by General Dwight D. Eisenhower.
February 17 – World War II: the Battle of Eniwetok Atoll begins; it ends in an American victory on February 22.
February 20 – The United States takes Eniwetok Island.
February 22 – United States Strategic Air Forces in Europe organized from the Eighth Air Force's strategic planning staff; subsuming strategic planning for all US Army Air Forces in Europe and Africa.
February 29 – World War II – Battle of Los Negros and Operation Brewer: the Admiralty Islands are invaded by U.S. forces.

March

March 1 – Essex-class aircraft carriers {{USS|Tarawa|CV-40}} and {{USS|Kearsarge|CV-33}} are laid down, at Norfolk Naval Shipyard and Brooklyn Navy Yard respectively.
March 2 – The 16th Academy Awards ceremony is held, the first Oscar ceremony held at a large public venue, Grauman's Chinese Theatre in Hollywood. Casablanca wins the Academy Award for Best Picture.
March 4 – In Ossining, New York, Louis Buchalter, the leader of 1930s crime syndicate Murder, Inc., is executed at Sing Sing prison, along with Emanuel "Mendy" Weiss and Louis Capone.

April

April 3 – Smith v. Allwright decided in the Supreme Court prohibits white primaries.
April 25 – The United Negro College Fund is incorporated.
April 28 – World War II: 749 American troops are killed in Exercise Tiger at Start Bay, Devon, England.

May

May 24 – World War II: Six LSTs are accidentally destroyed and 163 men killed in Pearl Harbor's West Loch disaster.
May 31 – World War II: Destroyer escort {{USS|England|DE-635|6}} sinks the sixth Japanese submarine in two weeks. This anti-submarine warfare performance remains unmatched through the twentieth century.

June

June 4 – A hunter-killer group of the United States Navy captures the {{GS|U-505||6}}, marking the first time a U.S. Navy vessel has captured an enemy vessel at sea since the 19th century.
June 5 – US and British paratrooper divisions jump over Normandy, in preparation for D-Day. All including 82nd and 101st Airborne divisions of the United States.
June 6 – World War II – Battle of Normandy: Operation Overlord, commonly known as D-Day, commences with the landing of 155,000 Allied troops on the beaches of Normandy in France. The Allied soldiers quickly break through the Atlantic Wall and push inland, in the largest amphibious military operation in history. This operation helps liberate France from Germany, and also weakens the Nazi hold on Europe.
June 15
- Battle of Saipan: the United States invades Saipan.
- American forces push back the Germans in Saint-Lô, capturing the city.
June 26 – World War II: American troops enter Cherbourg.

July

July 1 – The United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference begins at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire.
July 6
- Hartford Circus Fire: More than 100 children died in one of the worst fire disasters in the history of the United States.
- World War II: At Camp Hood, Texas, future baseball star and 1st Lt. Jackie Robinson is arrested and later court-martialed for refusing to move to the back of a segregated U.S. Army bus. He is eventually acquitted.
July 17 – The S.S. E.A. Bryan, loaded with ammunition, explodes at the Port Chicago naval base; All the Asians are killed.
July 21 – Battle of Guam: American troops land on Guam (the battle ends August 10).

August

August 7 – IBM dedicates the first program-controlled computer, the electromechanical Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (known best as the Harvard Mark I).
August 9 – The United States Forest Service and the Wartime Advertising Council release posters featuring Smokey Bear for the first time.
August 12 – Major fire at Luna Park, Coney Island, New York.
August 15 – World War II: Operation Dragoon lands Allies in southern France. The U.S. Army 45th Infantry Division participates in its fourth assault landing at St. Maxime, spearheading the drive for the Belfort Gap.
August 20 – World War II: American forces successfully defeat Nazi forces at Chambois, closing the Falaise Gap.
August 22 – World War II: Tsushima Maru, an unmarked Japanese passenger/cargo ship, is sunk by torpedoes launched by the submarine {{USS|Bowfin}} off Akuseki-jima, killing 1,484 civilians including 767 schoolchildren.
August 31 – The mysterious "Mad Gasser of Mattoon" attacks in Mattoon, Illinois, apparently resume.

September

September 3 – Black mother Recy Taylor is kidnapped and gang raped by six white men in Abbeville, Alabama; failure to indict any of her assailants provokes nationwide protest and activism among the African American community.
September 5 – The 5.8 {{M|w}} Cornwall–Massena earthquake affects the northern New York town of Massena at the Canada–United States border with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VII (Very strong), causing $2 million in damage, but no deaths. Across the border, Cornwall, Ontario suffers greater damage.
September 17 – World War II: Operation Market Garden begins.
September 24 – World War II: the U.S. Army 45th Infantry Division takes the strongly defended city of Epinal before crossing the Moselle River and entering the western foothills of the Vosges.
September 25 – World War II: Operation Market Garden ends in an Allied withdrawal.

October

October 8 – The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet radio show debuts in the United States.
October 20
- United States and Filipino troops with Filipino guerillas begin the Battle of Leyte.
- The combined American and Filipino soldiers was liberated in Tacloban, Leyte was fought the Japanese Imperial forces.
- American forces land on the beaches in Dulag, Leyte, the Philippines, accompanied by Filipino troops entering the town, and fiercely opposed by the Japanese occupation forces.
- American forces land in Red Beach in Palo, Leyte as General Douglas MacArthur returns to the Philippines with Philippine Commonwealth president Sergio Osmeña, and Armed Forces of the Philippines Generals Basilio J. Valdes and Carlos P. Romulo.
- The LNG explosion destroys a square mile (2.6 km²) of Cleveland, Ohio.
October 21 – World War II: Aachen, the first German city to fall, is captured by American troops.
October 30 – Appalachian Spring, a ballet by Martha Graham with music by Aaron Copland, debuts at the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C., with Graham in the lead role.

November

November 6 – Hanford Site in Washington (state) produces its first plutonium.
November 7
- U.S. presidential election, 1944: Franklin D. Roosevelt wins reelection over Republican challenger Thomas E. Dewey, becoming the only U.S. president elected to a fourth term.
- A passenger train derails in Aguadilla, Puerto Rico, due to excessive speed on a declining hill; 16 are killed, 50 injured.

December

December 10 – Legendary Italian conductor Arturo Toscanini leads a concert performance of the first half of Beethoven's Fidelio (minus its spoken dialogue) on NBC Radio, starring Rose Bampton. He chooses this opera for its political message – a statement against tyranny and dictatorship. Conducting it in German, Toscanini intends it as a tribute to the German people who are being oppressed by Hitler. The second half is broadcast a week later. The performance is later released on LP and CD, the first of 7 operas that Toscanini conducts on radio.
December 13 – Battle of Mindoro: United States, Australian and Philippine Commonwealth troops land in Mindoro Island, the Philippines.
December 16 – General George C. Marshall becomes the first Five-Star General.
December 22 – World War II: Brigadier General Anthony C. McAuliffe, commander of the U.S. forces defending Bastogne, refuses to accept demands for surrender by sending a one-word reply, "Nuts!", to the German command.
December 26
- World War II: American troops repulse German forces at Bastogne.
- The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams premieres in Chicago.
December 30 – Edward Stettinius Jr. becomes the last United States Secretary of State of the Roosevelt administration, filling the seat left by Cordell Hull.

Ongoing

World War II, U.S. involvement (1941–1945)

Births

January 4
- Frank Alesia, actor and television director (d. 2011)
- Charlie Manuel, baseball player and manager
January 9 – Ian Hornak, painter (d. 2002)
January 12 – Joe Frazier, African American boxer, world heavyweight champion from 1970 to 1973 (d. 2011)
January 19 – Dan Reeves, American football player and coach
January 20 – Linda Moulton Howe, journalist and producer
February 1 – Mike Enzi, U.S. Senator from Wyoming since 1997
February 9 – Alice Walker, African American novelist and poet
February 14 – Carl Bernstein, journalist
February 16 – Richard Ford, novelist
February 22 – Jonathan Demme, film director, producer and screenwriter (d. 2017)
March 1 – John Breaux, U.S. Senator from Louisiana from 1987 to 2005
March 7 – Michael Rosbash, geneticist and chronobiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2017
March 26 – Diana Ross, African American Motown R&B and soul singer (The Supremes)
March 31 – Angus King, U.S. Senator from Maine from 2013
April 1 – Rusty Staub, baseball player and coach
April 7 — Shel Bachrach, insurance broker, investor, businessman and philanthropist
April 19
- Bernie Worrell, rock keyboardist, (d. 2016)
- James Heckman, economist, recipient of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 2000
April 21 – Paul Geremia, singer-songwriter and guitarist
April 22 – Steve Fossett, millionaire adventurer (d. 2007)
April 24 – Tony Visconti, record producer, musician and singer
May 9 – Laurence Owen, figure skater (d. 1961)
May 13 – Armistead Maupin, fiction writer
May 14 – George Lucas, filmmaker and entrepreneur
May 24 – David Mark Berger, American-born Israeli weightlifter (k. in Munich massacre 1972)
May 27 – Chris Dodd, U.S. Senator from Connecticut from 1981 to 2011
June 3 – Mary Thom, journalist and author (died 2013)
June 5 – Whitfield Diffie, cryptographer
June 6
- Phillip Allen Sharp, geneticist and molecular biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1993
- Tommie Smith, African American track athlete
June 29 – Gary Busey, screen actor
July 8 – Jeffrey Tambor, actor
July 21 – Paul Wellstone, U.S. Senator from Minnesota from 1991 to 2002 (d. 2002)
July 31 – Robert C. Merton, economist, recipient of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1997
August 9 – Sam Elliott, Western film actor
August 15
- Linda Ellerbee, journalist and author
- Thomas J. Murphy, Jr., politician, 56th Mayor of Pittsburgh
August 17 – Larry Ellison, Co-Founder of Oracle Corporation
August 24 – Gregory Jarvis, astronaut (d. 1986)
September 12 – Barry White, born Barry Carter, African American R&B and soul singer (d. 2003)
September 25 – Michael Douglas, film actor and producer
October 2 – Vernor Vinge, science fiction author and mathematician
October 11 – William T. Greenough, neuroscientist (d. 2013)
October 15 – Kay Ivey, 54th Governor of Alabama
October 16 – Elizabeth Loftus, psychologist
October 19 – George McCrae, soul and disco singer
November 21 – Dick Durbin, U.S. Senator from Illinois from 1997
November 28 – Rita Mae Brown, fiction writer and political activist
December 4 – Dennis Wilson, pop drummer (The Beach Boys; d. 1983)
December 11 – Brenda Lee, born Brenda Mae Tarpley, pop singer
December 28
- Johnny Isakson, U.S. Senator from Georgia from 2005
- Kary Mullis, biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1993

Deaths

January 6 – Ida Tarbell, investigative journalist (b. 1857)
January 7 – Lou Henry Hoover, wife of Herbert Hoover, First Lady of the United States (b. 1874)
January 9 – Thomas Curtis, hurdler (b. 1873)
March 7 – August Busck, entomologist and author of works on microlepidoptera (b. 1870 in Denmark)
March 11 – Irvin S. Cobb, writer (b. 1876)
April 25 – George Herriman, cartoonist (Krazy Kat) (b. 1880)
June 30 – Georgia Hopley, journalist, political figure and temperance advocate (b. 1858)
August 12 – Joseph P. Kennedy Jr., U.S. Navy lieutenant (b. 1915; k. in action)
November 2 – Thomas Midgley Jr., mechanical and chemical engineer (b. 1889)
November 9 – Frank Marshall, chess player (b. 1877)
November 26 – Florence Foster Jenkins, socialite and amateur soprano (b. 1868)
December 4 – Benjamin Wistar Morris, architect (b. 1870)

External links

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{{US year nav}}{{Timeline of United States history}}{{North America topic|1944 in}}{{DEFAULTSORT:1944 In The United States}}

1 : 1944 in the United States

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