| 词条 | 1953 Iranian parliamentary dissolution referendum | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Iranian 1953 referendum | location = Iran | date = 3 and 10 August 1953 | title = Dissolution or Continuation of the 17th National Consultative Assembly | yes = 2043389 | no = 1207 | invalid = 4 | total = 2044600 }} A referendum on the dissolution of Parliament, the first referendum ever held in Iran, was held in August 1953. The dissolution was approved by more than 99% of voters. Following the referendum, there were talks about another referendum to abolish the Pahlavi dynasty and make Iran a republic, however the government was overthrown by a coup d'état shortly after.[1][2] Timeline
Campaign
ConductThe balloting was not secret and there were two separate voting booths, i.e. the opponents of Mossadegh had to cast their vote in a separate tent.[6][7] Critics pointed that the referendum had ignored the democratic demand for secret ballots.[8] Results
By city
ReactionsDomestic
International
References1. ^1 2 3 {{Citation|last=Rahnema|first=Ali|authorlink=Ali Rahnema|year=2014|title=Behind the 1953 Coup in Iran: Thugs, Turncoats, Soldiers, and Spooks|publisher=Cambridge University Press|page=287|isbn=978-1107076068}} {{Iranian elections}}2. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book|first1=Mansoureh|last1=Ebrahimi|year=2016|title=The British Role in Iranian Domestic Politics (1951-1953)|chapter=Dr. Mosaddeq's pre-emptive Measures|series=SpringerBriefs in Environment, Security, Development and Peace|publisher=Springer|volume=5|page=95–97|isbn=9783319310985}} 3. ^{{cite book|first1=Darioush|last1=Bayandor|year=2010|title=Iran and the CIA: The Fall of Mosaddeq Revisited|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|page=215|isbn=978-0-230-57927-9}} 4. ^{{cite book|last=Katouzian|first=Homa|year=2013|title=Iran: Politics, History and Literature|page=84|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9780415636896}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite journal|title="Down with the Monarchy": Iran's Republican Moment of August 1953|journal=Iranian Studies|volume=50|number=2|year=2017|page=293–313|author=Siavush Randjbar-Daemi|doi=10.1080/00210862.2016.1229120|hdl=10023/13868}} 6. ^{{citation|last=Majd|first=Mohammad Gholi|title=Resistance to the Shah: Landowners and Ulama in Iran|publisher=University Press of Florida|year=2000|pages=260–261|isbn=978-0813017310}} 7. ^1 {{cite book |author=Elton L. Daniel|title=The History of Iran|publisher=ABC-CLIO|pages=154|date=2012|isbn=978-0313375095}} 8. ^{{cite book|last1=Milani|first1=Abbas|title=Eminent Persians: The Men and Women who Made Modern Iran, 1941-1979|volume=1|date=2008|publisher=Syracuse University Press|location=Syracuse, N.Y.|isbn=978-0815609070|pages=243}} 9. ^{{cite book|last=Abrahamian|first=Ervand|author-link=Ervand Abrahamian|year=1982|title=Iran Between Two Revolutions|isbn=978-0-691-10134-7|publisher=Princeton University Press|page=274}} 10. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal|title=Analysis of Radio Propaganda in the 1953 Iran Coup|journal=Iranian Studies|volume=45|number=6|year=2012|page=759–777|author=Mervyn Roberts|doi=10.1080/00210862.2012.726848}} 11. ^{{cite book|first1=Darioush|last1=Bayandor|year=2010|title=Iran and the CIA: The Fall of Mosaddeq Revisited|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|page=89|isbn=978-0-230-57927-9}} 5 : Referendums in Iran|1953 in Iran|1953 referendums|August 1953 events|17th term of the Iranian Majlis |
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