| 词条 | Gaudium et spes |
| 释义 |
Approved by a vote of 2,307 to 75 of the bishops assembled at the council, it was promulgated by Pope Paul VI on 7 December 1965, the day the council ended. As is customary with Catholic documents, the title is taken from its opening words in Latin "the joys and hopes". The English translation begins: {{Quote|The joys and hopes, the grief and anguish of the people of our time, especially of those who are poor or afflicted, are the joys and hopes, the grief and anguish of the followers of Christ as well.}}OverviewThe document was not drafted before the council met, but arose from the floor of the council and was one of the last to be promulgated. The previous Vatican Council in 1869–70 had tried to defend the role of the church in an increasingly secular world. Those who interpret the purpose of the Second Council as one of embracing this world use Gaudium et spes as the primary hermeneutic for all its documents. One of the cardinals, Leo Joseph Suenens of Belgium, urged the council to take on social responsibility for Third World suffering, International peace and war, and the poor, sentiments echoed by Cardinal Giovanni Battista Montini of Milan and Cardinal Lercaro of Bologna.[2] Thomas Rosica points out that the Council Fathers "... were men who had experienced two world wars, the horror of the Holocaust, the onset of the nuclear weaponry, the hostility of communism, the awesome and only partially understood impact of science and technology."[2] In the Introduction it states, "... the Church has always had the duty of scrutinizing the signs of the times and of interpreting them in the light of the Gospel."{{sfn|Gaudium et Spes|loc=§4}} The mission of the Church needed to recognize the realities of secularization and pluralism. Marie-Dominique Chenu, professor of the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, Angelicum was influential in the composition of Gaudium et spes,[3] as was Louis-Joseph Lebret. "The problem of poverty and of overcoming it through a healthy economy, respectful of the primary value of the person, allows for a vast discussion on political ethics in Gaudium et Spes."[2]Gaudium et Spes was adopted after Lumen Gentium, the Constitution on the Church, and it reflects the ecclesiological approach of that text. It also recognized and encouraged the role of the laity in the life of the Church in the world. The decree was debated at length and approved by much the largest and most international council in the history of the Church.[4]"This council exhorts Christians, as citizens of two cities, to strive to discharge their earthly duties conscientiously and in response to the Gospel spirit.".{{sfn|Gaudium et Spes|loc=§43}} This was further expanded in Apostolicam Actuositatem, Decree on the Apostolate of the Laity, of 18 November 1965. ContentsThe chief focus of Gaudium et Spes was on social teaching. The numbers given correspond to section numbers within the text.
Gift of SelfThe "gift of self" from GS §24{{sfn|Gaudium et Spes|loc=§24. "...man, who is the only creature on earth which God willed for itself, cannot fully find himself except through a sincere gift of himself."}} was a phrase used often by Pope John Paul II and particularly in his Theology of the Body. This phrase has also been described as "the Law of the Gift" [5] Promotion of PeaceThe final chapter of the document is "The Fostering of Peace and the Promotion of a Community of Nations". This chapter echoed themes declared near the start of Vatican II by Pope John XXIII in 1963 in his well-regarded encyclical, Pacem in Terris. Ecumenical impactThe document contributed to the ecumenical movement of its time and has had a huge influence on the social teachings of the wider Christian churches and communities, especially the churches that belong to the World Council of Churches.{{citation needed|date=October 2015}}. References1. ^Hahnenberg, Edward P. . A Concise Guide to the Documents of Vatican II (Kindle Locations 1228-1231). St. Anthony Messenger Press. 2. ^1 2 Rosica CSB, Thomas. "Gaudium et Spes at 50", Zenit, 20 July 2015 3. ^Walter Principe, "Chenu, M.D" in Harper Collins Encyclopedia of Catholicism. Edited by Richard McBrien, 1995 4. ^Tanner, Norman. The Church and the Modern World, Paulist Press, 2005 5. ^{{cite journal |last1=Weigel |first1=George |title=John Paul II and the Crisis of Humanism |journal=First Things |issue=December 1999 |url=https://www.firstthings.com/article/1999/12/john-paul-ii-and-the-crisis-of-humanism |accessdate=23 October 2018}} Works cited
Further reading
External links{{wikiquote}}
4 : Documents of the Catholic Social Teaching tradition|Documents of the Second Vatican Council|1965 documents|1965 in Christianity |
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