| 词条 | 1970 Democratic Republic of the Congo presidential election | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| election_name = Democratic Republic of the Congo presidential election, 1970 | country = Democratic Republic of the Congo | flag_year = 1966 | flag_image = | type = presidential | vote_type = Popular | ongoing = no | party_colour = | party_name = | previous_election = Democratic Republic of the Congo presidential election, 1960 | previous_year = 1960 | election_date = 1 November 1970 | next_election = Zairean presidential election, 1977 | next_year = 1977 | image1 = | nominee1 = Joseph Mobutu | party1 = Popular Movement of the Revolution | popular_vote1 = 10,131,669 | percentage1 = 100% | title = President | before_election = Joseph Mobutu | before_party = Popular Movement of the Revolution | posttitle = Elected President | after_election = Joseph Mobutu | after_party = Popular Movement of the Revolution }}{{Politics of the Democratic Republic of the Congo}} Presidential elections were held in the Democratic Republic of the Congo on 1 November 1970. The only candidate was Joseph Mobutu, who had taken power in a military coup five years earlier. The elections took the format of a "yes" or "no" vote for Mobutu's candidacy, with the results showing he won more "yes" votes than the number of registered voters, even though voting was not compulsory.[1]BackgroundFollowing the promulgation of a new constitution after a referendum in 1964, general elections were held in the newly renamed Democratic Republic of the Congo in March and April in 1965. The elections were won by the Congolese National Convention, led by former secessionist leader Moise Tshombe, which took 122 of the 177 seats. However, President Joseph Kasa-Vubu later dismissed Tshombe and appointed Évariste Kimba Prime Minister instead. In a vote in parliament on 14 November, Kimba failed to have his government approved.[2] However, Kasa-Vubu reappointed him as Prime Minister the following day. Ten days later Mobutu led a military coup and installed himself as President, banning political parties. On 20 May 1967 Mobutu formed the Popular Movement of the Revolution . In June 1967 a new constitution was drawn up, establishing a unitary state with a strong executive presidential system and unicameral parliament. It also limited the number of political parties to two, and enfranchised women.[1] It was approved by a referendum in which 97.8% of voters voted for it.[3] Following a census in early 1970, presidential elections were organised for 1 November. The date was set so that Mobutu would have passed his fortieth birthday by the time the elections occurred, as the constitution stated that candidates must be at least forty years old.[1] ResultsWhile the constitution allowed for the existence of a second party, the MPR was the only party allowed to nominate candidates. As a result, Mobutu appeared alone on the presidential ballot. Voters had the choice of a green ballot paper representing a "yes" vote, or a red paper, representing a "no" vote. Voting was not secret,[1] and the number of votes cast (10,131,826) was almost 30,500 more than the number of registered voters (10,101,330).[4]
AftermathThe elections set the tone for future elections held in the country held under Mobutu's rule. Parliamentary elections were held on 15 November in a similar fashion; the MPR was the only party allowed to nominate candidates, and official results showed the MPR list was approved by over 99% of the voters.[1] Soon afterwards, the MPR was formally declared to be the sole legal party in the Congo, though the country had effectively been a one-party state since the MPR's formation.[5][6] The country was renamed Zaire the following year, and Mobutu changed his name to Mobutu Sese Seko in 1972. He continued to rule the country until being overthrown in 1997. References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite web|url=https://www.eisa.org.za/wep/drcsecondrepublic.htm|title=EISA: ZA|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130220759/https://www.eisa.org.za/wep/drcsecondrepublic.htm|archive-date=30 January 2019|dead-url=no}} {{Democratic Republic of the Congo elections}}2. ^DRC: Constitutional Crisis between Kasavubu and Tshombe EISA 3. ^Elections in Congo-Kinshasa African Elections Database 4. ^Nohlen, D, Krennerich, M & Thibaut, B (1999) Elections in Africa: A data handbook, p294 {{ISBN|0-19-829645-2}} 5. ^Kaplan, Irving (ed.). Zaire: A Country Study. Third Edition, First Printing. 1979. 6. ^Law 70-001 of December 23, 1970 amended the text of article 4 of the constitution as follows: "The Popular Movement of the Revolution is the only political party in the Republic" (Le Mouvement populaire de la révolution est le seul parti politique de la République.). 5 : 1970 elections in Africa|Presidential elections in the Democratic Republic of the Congo|1970 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo|One-party elections|Single-candidate elections |
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