| 词条 | 1974–75 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season |
| 释义 |
| Basin=SWI | Year=1975 | Track=1974-1975 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season summary.jpg | First storm formed=23 December 1974 | Last storm dissipated=22 April 1975 | Strongest storm name=Gervaise | Strongest storm pressure=951 | Strongest storm winds=65 | Average wind speed=10 | Total disturbances=10 | Total depressions=8 | Total storms=6 | Total hurricanes=2 | Fatalities=9 total | Damages= | five seasons=1972–73, 1973–74, 1974–75, 1975–76, 1976–77 | Australian season=1974–75 Australian region cyclone season | South Pacific season=1974–75 South Pacific cyclone season }} The 1974–75 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season was a below-average cyclone season. The season officially ran from November 1, 1974, to April 30, 1975. Systems{{clear}}Tropical Disturbance Adele{{Infobox Hurricane Small|Basin=SWI |Formed=December 23 |Dissipated=December 24 |Track=Adele 1974 track.png |Pressure= |Prepressure= |10-min winds=25 |1-min winds= }} Adele existed from December 23 to December 24. {{clear}}Cyclone Blandine{{Infobox hurricane small|Basin=SWI |Track=Blandine 1975 track.png |Image= |Formed=January 6 |Dissipated=January 12 |1-min winds=40 |10-min winds= |Gusts= |Pressure=980 }} Blandine existed from January 6 to January 12. {{clear}}Cyclone Camille{{Infobox hurricane small|Basin=SWI |Track=Camille 1975 track.png |Image=MozambiqueChannelHUJanuary181975.gif |Formed=January 10 |Dissipated=January 21 | 1-min winds = 80 | 10-min winds = 60 | Gusts = |Pressure= 995 }} This system formed southeast of the Seychelles on January 7 before becoming disorganized while interacting with northern Madagascar. The system redeveloped as a hurricane-force cyclone in the northern Mozambique Channel on January 16 before moving southeast into Madagascar on January 19.[1] {{clear}}Cyclone Robyn-Deborah{{Infobox hurricane small|Basin=SWI |Track=Robyn-Deborah 1975 track.png |Image=RobynDeborahJanuary241975.gif |Formed=January 14 |Dissipated=January 24 | 1-min winds = 105 | 10-min winds = 70 | Gusts = |Pressure= 960 }} This system existed from January 14 to January 24. {{clear}}Tropical Depression Elsa{{Infobox Hurricane Small|Basin=SWI |Track=Elsa 1975 track.png |Formed=January 25 |Dissipated=January 27 |Pressure= |Prepressure= |10-min winds=30 |1-min winds= }} Elsa existed from January 25 to January 27. {{clear}}Tropical Disturbance Fernande{{Infobox Hurricane Small|Basin=SWI |Track=Fernande 1975 track.png |Formed=February 1 |Dissipated=February 1 |Pressure= |Prepressure= |10-min winds=25 |1-min winds= }} This storm lasted for only 18 hours on February 1. {{clear}}Cyclone Gervaise{{Infobox Hurricane Small|Basin=SWI |Track=Gervaise 1975 track.png |Image=MaritiusReunionHUFebruary71975.gif |Formed =February 1 |Dissipated=February 10 |1-min winds=70 |10-min winds=65 |Pressure=951 }} The origins of Cyclone Gervaise were in early February 1975 from a circular area of convection, or thunderstorms, located in the intertropical convergence zone southwest of Diego Garcia in the south-west Indian Ocean. The system organized as it moved generally to the southwest, a trajectory it would maintain for several days due to a subtropical ridge to its southeast, and an area of low pressure near the Mascarene Islands. On February 2, the Mauritius Meteorological Services{{efn|Météo-France's meteorological office in Réunion (MFR) is the official Regional Specialized Meteorological Center for the South-West Indian Ocean, tracking all tropical cyclones from the east coast of Africa to 90° E. The Mauritius Meteorological Office is responsible for naming storms in the eastern east of 55° E.[2]}} named the storm Gervaise. Two days later, the storm attained hurricane status, or maximum sustained winds of at least 120 km/h (75 mph).[3] Late on February 5, Gervaise passed about 100 km (60 mi) southeast of St. Brandon. Continuing southwestward, the cyclone struck Mauritius on February 6, with the calm of the eye lasting for three hours. That day, the American-based Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC){{efn|The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force task force that issues advisories for storms in the basin.}} estimated peak winds of 130 km/h (85 mp).[4] On February 7, Gervaise passed about 130 km (80 mi) southeast of Réunion. The track shifted to the south and southeast over time, steered by a passing cold front. On February 10, Gervaise dissipated within the cold front.[3] Gervaise first affected St. Brandon, producing wind gusts of over {{convert|100|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}, along with heavy rainfall. Cyclone Gervaise killed 10 people during its passage of Mauritius. Its strongest wind gusts occurred after the passage of the eye, peaking at {{convert|280|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} at Mon Desert. Heavy rainfall affected the island for several days, reaching {{convert|674|mm|in|abbr=on}} at Grosse Roche. The high winds knocked down power lines, radio transmission with Vacoas for 24 hours, and many crops. About 25% of the island's sugar cane crop was lost. The storm damaged several houses, leaving thousands homeless. The cyclone last affected Réunion, where it produced wind gusts of {{convert|180|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}. Gervaise also dropped heavy rainfall on the island, reaching {{convert|548|mm|in|abbr=on}} at Plaine des Cafres.[3] It caused substantial damage to properties, vegetation and wildlife. Moored yachts around the coast were washed hundreds of yards inland in places due to the storm surge and in the capital Port Louis, a cargo ship of ca. 10,000 tonnes was washed up on to the quay. 34 injured, 3,706 homeless. {{clear}}Cyclone Heloise{{Infobox Hurricane Small|Basin=SWI |Track=Helose 1975 track.png |Image= |Formed=February 19 |Dissipated=February 26 |10-min winds=30 |1-min winds=30 |Pressure=985 }} Heloise existed from February 19 to February 26. {{clear}}Cyclone Ines{{Infobox Hurricane Small|Basin=SWI |Track=Ines 1975 track.png |Image= |Formed=March 9 |Dissipated=March 19 |10-min winds= |1-min winds=55 |Pressure=985 }} Ines existed from March 9 to March 19. {{clear}}Tropical Depression Junon{{Infobox Hurricane Small|Basin=SWI |Track=Junon 1975 track.png |Formed=April 18 |Dissipated=April 22 |Pressure= |Prepressure= |10-min winds=30 |1-min winds= }} Junon existed from April 18 to April 22. {{clear}}See also{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}}
Notes{{notelist}}References1. ^{{cite journal|journal=Mariners Weather Log|page=154|title=Hurricane Alley|author=Dick DeAngelis|volume=19|number=3}} {{TC Decades|Year=1970|basin=South-West Indian Ocean|type=cyclone|shem=yes}}{{DEFAULTSORT:1970-1975 Southern Hemisphere tropical cyclone seasons}}2. ^{{cite report|author=Philippe Caroff|date=April 2011|title=Operational procedures of TC satellite analysis at RSMC La Reunion|publisher=World Meteorological Organization|accessdate=2013-10-27|url=http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/tcp/documents/RSMCLaReunionforIWSATC.pdf|format=PDF|pages=4–5|display-authors=etal}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite report|series=Global tropical/extratropical cyclone climatic atlas|title=Hurricane Gervaise, 1-9 February|year=1996|work=National Climatic Data Center|accessdate=February 3, 2019|url=http://webapp1.dlib.indiana.edu/virtual_disk_library/index.cgi/4274123/FID218/DATA/TROPIC/SWI_NAR/1975_6.NAR}} 4. ^{{cite report|author=Kenneth R. Knapp|author2=Michael C. Kruk|author3=David H. Levinson|author4=Howard J. Diamond|author5=Charles J. Neumann|year=2010|work=The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data|title=1975 20S:Gervaise (1975033S11073)|publisher=Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society|accessdate=February 3, 2019|url=http://www.atms.unca.edu/ibtracs/ibtracs_current/browse-ibtracs/index.php?name=v03r09-1975033S11073}} 3 : Pre-1980 Southern Hemisphere tropical cyclone seasons|1974–75 Southern Hemisphere tropical cyclone season|South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons |
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