| 词条 | Ge (Cyrillic) |
| 释义 |
|Heading=Cyrillic letter Ghe |Image=Cyrillic letter Ge - uppercase and lowercase.svg |size=120px |uuc=0413 |ulc=0433 |numeral=3 |sound = {{IPA|[g]}}, {{IPA|[ɦ]}} }} Ge or Ghe (Г г; italics: Г г) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. It is also known in some languages as He. It commonly represents the voiced velar plosive {{IPAslink|ɡ}}, like {{angbr|g}} in "go". It is generally romanized using the Latin letter G, but to romanize Belarusian, Ukrainian and Rusyn, the Latin letter H is used. HistoryThe Cyrillic letter Ghe was derived directly from the Greek letter Gamma (Γ) in uncial script. In the Early Cyrillic alphabet, its name was {{Script|Cyrs|глаголи}} (glagoli), meaning "speak". In the Cyrillic numeral system, it had a numerical value of 3. Usage in Slavic languagesSouth SlavicIn standard Serbian, Bulgarian, Macedonian the letter Ghe represents a voiced velar plosive {{IPAslink|ɡ}} but is devoiced to {{IPAblink|k}} word-finally or before a voiceless consonant. RussianIn standard Russian, Ghe represents the voiced velar plosive {{IPAslink|ɡ}} but is devoiced to {{IPAblink|k}} word-finally or before a voiceless consonant. It represents {{IPA|/ɡʲ/}} before a palatalizing vowel. In the Southern Russian dialect, the sound becomes the velar fricative {{IPAslink|ɣ}}. Sometimes, the sound is the glottal fricative {{IPAslink|ɦ}} in the regions bordering Belarus and Ukraine. It is acceptable, for some people, to pronounce certain Russian words with {{IPAblink|ɣ}} (sometimes referred to as Ukrainian Ge): {{lang|ru|Бог, богатый, благо, Господь}} (Bog, bogatyj, blago, Gospod’). The sound is normally considered nonstandard or dialectal in Russian and is avoided by educated Russian speakers. {{lang|ru|Бог}} (Bog, "God") is always pronounced {{IPA|[box]}} in the nominative case.[1] In the Russian nominal genitive ending {{lang|ru|-ого, -его}}, Ghe represents {{IPAblink|v}}, including in the word {{lang|ru|сегодня}} ("today", from {{lang|ru|сего дня}}). It represents a voiceless {{IPAblink|x}} (not {{IPAblink|k}}) in front of Ka in two Russian words, namely, {{lang|ru|мягкий}} and {{lang|ru|лёгкий}}, and their derivatives. The Latin letter H of words of Latin, Greek, English or German origin is usually transliterated into Russian with Ghe rather than Kha: hero → {{lang|ru|герой}}, hamburger → {{lang|ru|гамбургер}}, Haydn → {{lang|ru|Гайдн}}. That can occasionally cause ambiguity, as for example English Harry and Gary/Garry would be spelled the same in Russian, eg. Гарри Поттер). The reasons for using Ghe to write h include the fact that Ghe is used for h in Ukrainian, Belarusian and some Russian dialects, along with the perception that Kha sounds too harsh. Nevertheless, in newer loanwords (especially from English), Kha is often used. {{citation needed|date=March 2017}} Belarusian and UkrainianIn Ukrainian, it represents a voiced glottal fricative {{IPAblink|ɦ}},[1] a breathy voiced counterpart of the English {{IPAblink|h}}. In Belarusian (like in Southern Russian), the letter corresponds to the velar fricative {{IPAslink|ɣ}}[1] and its soft counterpart {{IPA|/ɣʲ/}}. In both languages, the letter is called He and transliterated with H rather than with G. In Ukrainian and Belarusian, a voiced velar plosive {{IPAslink|ɡ}} is written with the Cyrillic letter Ghe with upturn (Ґ ґ) in Ukrainian (transliterated with G) and with the digraph кг in Belarusian (also ґ in Taraškievica). Usage in non-Slavic languagesIn many non-Slavic languages it can represent both {{IPA|/ɡ/}} and {{IPA|/ʁ~ɣ/}} (the latter mostly in Turkic and some Finno-Ugric languages). In Ossetian, an Indo-Iranian language spoken in the Caucasus, ⟨г⟩ represents the voiced velar stop {{IPA|/ɡ/}}. However, the digraph ⟨гъ⟩ represents the voiced uvular fricative {{IPA|/ʁ/}}. Related letters and other similar characters
Computing codes{{charmap|0413|name1=Cyrillic Capital Letter Ghe |0433|name2=Cyrillic Small Letter Ghe |map1=KOI8-R and KOI8-U |map1char1=E7 |map1char2=C7 |map2=CP 855 |map2char1=AD |map2char2=AC |map3=Windows-1251 |map3char1=C3 |map3char2=E3 |map4=ISO-8859-5 |map4char1=B3 |map4char2=D3 |map5=Mac Cyrillic |map5char1=83 |map5char2=E3 }} References1. ^1 2 {{cite web | url= http://www.gramota.ru/book/village/map14.html | script-title=ru:Звуки на месте буквы г | language= Russian |trans-title=Sounds in place of the letter г | work= Scholarly Dialectical Atlas | at= map 14}} External links{{Commons category|Cyrillic G}}
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