| 词条 | 1982 Turkish constitutional referendum |
| 释义 |
A constitutional referendum was held in Turkey on 7 November 1982. The new constitution was approved by 91.4% of voters, with a 91.3% turnout.[1] BackgroundIn 1980 the Grand National Assembly was scheduled to elect a new President to replace Fahri Korutürk. However, the parties were unable to agree on a candidate, and on 12 September 1980, the Turkish Armed Forces led by Kenan Evren staged a coup d'état, dissolved the Grand National Assembly and started ruling the country through the National Security Council. The NSC set up a Consultative Assembly and appointed all 160 members. Political parties were shut down, and those who had been members of parties were excluded from the Assembly.[2] It worked from 23 November 1981 and 17 July 1982 to draw up the new constitution,[3] which would replace the 1961 document. New constitutionOne of the transitional provisions of the constitution named Evren as President until 1989.[4] The constitution also banned civil society organisations from political activity, whilst political parties were banned from working with civil society organisations, including trade unions.[2] The Army was given a majority in the National Security Council, which was also deemed to be superior to the cabinet.[2] Evren claimed the new constitution had liberties "luxurious" for Turkey.[5] Results{{Referendum| yes = 17,215,559 | yespct = 91.4 | no = 1,626,431 | nopct = 8.6 | valid = 18,841,990 | validpct = 99.8 | invalid = 43,498 | invalidpct = 0.2 | total = 18,885,488 | turnoutpct = 91.3 | electorate = 20,690,914 | source = Nohlen et al }} References1. ^Dieter Nohlen, Florian Grotz & Christof Hartmann (2001) Elections in Asia: A data handbook, Volume I, p254 {{ISBN|0-19-924958-X}} {{Turkish elections}}2. ^1 2 Ergun Özbudun (2012) Turkey’s Search for a New Constitution Insight Turkey, Vol 14, pp39-50 3. ^Turkey, 7 November 1982: Constitution Direct Democracy 4. ^{{cite news|url=http://gundem.milliyet.com.tr/darbe-iktidari-32-yil-sonra-sanik-sandalyesinde/gundem/gundemdetay/02.04.2012/1522778/default.htm|accessdate=2013-07-15|title=Darbe İktidarı 32 yıl sonra sanık sandalyesinde|work=Milliyet|date=2012-04-02|language=Turkish|author=Gökçer Tahincioğlu, Türker Karapınar}} 5. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.milliyet.com.tr/2007/09/26/yazar/guclu.html|accessdate=2008-07-05|title=61 Anayasası Türkiye'ye büyük geldi|work=Milliyet|date=2003-09-25|language=Turkish|first=Abbas |last=Güçlü}} 3 : Constitutional referendums in Turkey|1982 referendums|1982 in Turkey |
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