“1984–85 Australian region cyclone season”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The 1984–85 Australian region cyclone season was one of the most active seasons on record. It officially started on 1 November 1984, and officially ended on 30 April 1985.

Systems

Severe Tropical Cyclone Emma

A Category 3 cyclone, Emma struck Western Australia on December 12, 1984, as a Category 1 cyclone.^[1]

Tropical Storm 04S

Due to its minimal intensity, 04S was designated only as a tropical storm strength cyclone by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC). The storm remained unnamed by the warning center in Darwin.

Severe Tropical Cyclone Frank

Tropical Cyclone Frank was a significant tropical cyclone which formed off the western coast of Australia. It peaked as a Category 1 storm on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale according to the JTWC. Perth assessed it as a category 4 on the Australian scale. After it turned to the south-east on 25 December, it made landfall as a Category 2 two days later near Port Hedland, Western Australia.

Tropical Cyclone Monica

Monica peaked as a category 2 storm, tracking roughly south-eastward, passing into the South Pacific basin on December 28.

Tropical Cyclone Nigel

The precursor low to Cyclone Nigel formed as an ill-defined low, within the intertropical convergence zone near the Cape York Peninsula during January 1985.^[2] Over the next several days the system gradually moved eastwards into the Coral Sea, before the BoM reported that a recognizable circulation had developed during January 14.^[2] Over the next two days the low moved eastwards and slowly developed further, before the JTWC initiated advisories on the system and designated it as Tropical Cyclone 13P early on January 16.^[2]^[3] Later that day the BoM named the system Nigel as it became equivalent to a modern-day category 1 tropical cyclone on the Australian tropical cyclone intensity scale and moved out of the Australian region into the South Pacific basin.^[2]

Severe Tropical Cyclone Odette

Severe Tropical Cyclone Gertie

Tropical Low 18P

Severe Tropical Cyclone Hubert

Hubert had major differences in peak intensity from BOM and JTWC, but did not touch land.

Severe Tropical Cyclone Isobel

Severe Tropical Cyclone Jacob

Tropical Depression 24S

Tropical Cyclone Pierre

Tropical Cyclone Rebecca

Rebecca made landfall in Queensland on February 22, 1985, as a Category 1 storm.^[4]

Severe Tropical Cyclone Kirsty

Severe Tropical Cyclone Lindsay

Cyclone Lindsay formed on March 6, 1985. The storm moved south-southeast reaching Category 4 status before making landfall near Broome, Western Australia.^[5]

Severe Tropical Cyclone Sandy

Sandy formed on March 19 in the Gulf of Carpentaria and strengthened rapidly into a Category 4 cyclone, before it made landfall near Sir Edward Pellew Group of Islands as a Category 2 cyclone on March 24. Over the next days, Sandy moved into the Indian Ocean and dissipated on April 3.

Similar to Cyclone Kathy, the storm was not as intense as Kathy. Two trawlers were devastated by Sandy, where swells of {{convert|12|m|ft|abbr=on}} were measured. Storm surges were measured at {{convert|3|to|3.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} at Centre Island. Flooding was extensive along the southern gulf coast. A total of {{convert|860|mm|in|abbr=on|round=5}} of rain recorded in the island during a four-day time span.^[6]

Tropical Cyclone Tanya

Severe Tropical Cyclone Margot

Cyclone Margot was a tropical cyclone that stayed out to sea during its entire duration. It was first identified on April 10, off the coast of Sunda Strait. Margot then traveled to the southwest during April 12, gradually intensifying to a tropical cyclone. In the noon hours of April 13, it began to move to the southeast, under the influence of an intense high pressure area to the south. The cyclone reached a peak intensity on April 14, as a category four cyclone using the Australian scale, with winds of 185 km/h (115 mph). This intensity was based on satellite estimates, but the strongest report was from a ship eighteen hours earlier. After peak intensity Margot gradually weakened up until the 19, when it briefly underwent intensification, and turned west. This was short lived however, as dry, easterly low-level winds and wind shear began to influence the cyclone. Margot began to rapidly weaken and move in an easterly direction on April 20. On the 21 Margot had become a remnant low after completing a figure-eight path. On the 25 the remnant low was absorbed by a broad low pressure system located in the northeast Indian Ocean.^[7]

Tropical Cyclone Gretel

Cyclone Gretel was a tropical cyclone that formed in the Arafura Sea late on April 12, 1985, just east of Croker Island, off the Northern Territory coast. Moving in a west-southwest direction, it crossed the Cobourg Peninsula into the Van Diemen Gulf, where it intensified to Category 2 and reached its lowest pressure of 984 hPa. Moving south-west, the eye of the storm passed over Darwin, Australia, early on April 14, causing extensive tree damage and flooding to the area but no reported loss of life. It continued moving in a south-southwest direction, weakening to a low pressure system near the Victoria River mouth late that evening.^[8] The total estimated damages was $3.5 million.^[9]

See also

References

1. ^
2. ^¹²³{{cite journal|publisher=Australian Bureau of Meteorology |title=The Australian tropical cyclone season 1984–85 |volume=33 |pages=133–136 |year=1985 |url=http://www.bom.gov.au/amm/docs/1985/kuuse.pdf |accessdate=July 23, 2013 |author1=Kuuse J |archivedate=April 23, 2014 |journal=Australian Meteorological Magazine |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6P2IRRTh0?url=http://www.bom.gov.au/amm/docs/1985/kuuse.pdf |deadurl=no |df= }}
3. ^{{cite report|publisher=United States Navy, United States Airforce|title=Annual Tropical Cyclone Report: 1985|volume=33|pages=138, 246|url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1985atcr.pdf|accessdate=April 23, 2014|author1=Joint Typhoon Warning Center}}
4. ^
5. ^
6. ^{{cite web|publisher=Bureau of Meteorology|year=2010|accessdate=17 September 2012|title=Severe Tropical Cyclone Sandy|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/cyclone/history/sandy.shtml}}
7. ^{{cite report|author=Queensland Regional Office/Brisbane tropical cyclone warning centre|title=Severe Tropical Cyclone Margot|publisher=Australian Bureau of Meteorology|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/cyclone/history/pdf/margot.pdf|accessdate=14 December 2012|type=Individual Tropical Cyclone Reports}}
8. ^
9. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.ema.gov.au/ema/emadisasters.nsf/c85916e930b93d50ca256d050020cb1f/a604dbd52be76571ca256d3300057c8b?OpenDocument |title=Darwin, NT: Cyclone |access-date=2013-04-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402033842/http://www.ema.gov.au/ema/emadisasters.nsf/c85916e930b93d50ca256d050020cb1f/a604dbd52be76571ca256d3300057c8b?OpenDocument |archive-date=2012-04-02 |dead-url=yes |df= }}

词条	1984–85 Australian region cyclone season
释义	Systems Severe Tropical Cyclone Emma Tropical Storm 04S Severe Tropical Cyclone Frank Tropical Cyclone Monica Tropical Cyclone Nigel Severe Tropical Cyclone Odette Severe Tropical Cyclone Gertie Tropical Low 18P Severe Tropical Cyclone Hubert Severe Tropical Cyclone Isobel Severe Tropical Cyclone Jacob Tropical Depression 24S Tropical Cyclone Pierre Tropical Cyclone Rebecca Severe Tropical Cyclone Kirsty Severe Tropical Cyclone Lindsay Severe Tropical Cyclone Sandy Tropical Cyclone Tanya Severe Tropical Cyclone Margot Tropical Cyclone Gretel See also References {{Infobox hurricane season \| Basin=Aus \| Year=1985 \| Track=1984-1985 Australian cyclone season summary.jpg \| First storm formed=3 December 1984 \| Last storm dissipated=15 April 1985 \| Strongest storm name=Kristy \| Strongest storm pressure=925 \| Strongest storm winds=120 \| Average wind speed=10 \| Total depressions=20 \| Total storms=18 \| Total intense=11 (record high; tied with 1980–81 and 1983–84 \| Fatalities=0 \| Damages=3.5 \| five seasons=1982–83, 1983–84, 1984–85, 1985–86, 1986–87 \| South Indian season=1984–85 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season \| South Pacific season=1984–85 South Pacific cyclone season }} The 1984–85 Australian region cyclone season was one of the most active seasons on record. It officially started on 1 November 1984, and officially ended on 30 April 1985. {{clear}} Systems ImageSize = width:800 height:200 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:80 right:20 left:20 Legend = columns:3 left:30 top:58 columnwidth:270 AlignBars = early DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/12/1984 till:01/05/1985 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMinor = grid:black unit:month increment:1 start:01/12/1984 Colors = id:canvas value:gray(0.88) id:GP value:red id:TL value:rgb(0.5,0.8,1) legend:Tropical_Low_(TL) id:C1 value:rgb(0,0.98,0.96) legend:Category_1_=_63–87_km/h_(39–54_mph)_(1) id:C2 value:rgb(0.80,1,1) legend:Category_2_=_88–142_km/h_(55–74_mph)_(2) id:C3 value:rgb(1,1,0.80) legend:Category_3_=_143–158-km/h_(75–98_mph)_(3) id:C4 value:rgb(1,0.56,0.13) legend:Category_4_=_159–204_km/h_(99–127_mph)_(4) id:C5 value:rgb(1,0.38,0.38) legend:Category_5_=_≥205_km/h_(≥128_mph)_(5) Backgroundcolors = canvas:canvas BarData = barset:Hurricane bar:Month PlotData= barset:Hurricane width:10 align:left fontsize:S shift:(4,-4) anchor:till from:03/12/1984 till:13/12/1984 color:C3 text:"Emma" from:08/12/1984 till:13/12/1984 color:C1 text:"04S" from:19/12/1984 till:28/12/1984 color:C4 text:"Frank" from:25/12/1984 till:28/12/1984 color:C2 text:"Monica" from:14/01/1985 till:16/01/1985 color:C1 text:"Nigel" from:16/01/1985 till:19/01/1985 color:C3 text:"Odette" from:26/01/1985 till:03/02/1985 color:C3 text:"Gertie" barset:break from:02/02/1985 till:06/02/1985 color:TL text:"18P" from:10/02/1985 till:19/02/1985 color:C4 text:"Hubert" from:11/02/1985 till:22/02/1985 color:C3 text:"Isobel" from:15/02/1985 till:28/02/1985 color:C4 text:"Jacob" from:18/02/1985 till:21/02/1985 color:TL text:"18S" from:18/02/1985 till:24/02/1985 color:C1 text:"Pierre" from:20/02/1985 till:23/02/1985 color:C1 text:"Rebecca" barset:break from:01/03/1985 till:19/03/1985 color:C5 text:"Kristy" from:06/03/1985 till:11/03/1985 color:C4 text:"Lindsay" from:19/03/1985 till:03/04/1985 color:C4 text:"Sandy" from:27/03/1985 till:04/04/1985 color:C2 text:"Tanya" from:11/04/1985 till:21/04/1985 color:C4 text:"Margot" from:11/04/1985 till:14/04/1985 color:C1 text:"Gretel bar:Month width:5 align:center fontsize:S shift:(0,-20) anchor:middle color:canvas from:01/12/1984 till:01/01/1985 text:December from:01/01/1985 till:01/02/1985 text:January from:01/02/1985 till:01/03/1985 text:February from:01/03/1985 till:01/04/1985 text:March from:01/04/1985 till:01/05/1985 text:April TextData = pos:(569,23) text:"(For further details, please see" pos:(713,23) text:"scales)" Severe Tropical Cyclone Emma {{Infobox hurricane small \|Basin=Aus \|Formed=3 December \|Dissipated=13 December \|Image=Cyclone Emma (1984).JPG \|Track=Emma 1984 track.png \|10-min winds=65 \|1-min winds=45 \|Pressure=967 }} A Category 3 cyclone, Emma struck Western Australia on December 12, 1984, as a Category 1 cyclone.^[1] {{clear}} Tropical Storm 04S {{Infobox hurricane small \|Basin=Aus \|Image= \|Track=04S 1984 track.png \|Formed=December 8 \|Dissipated=December 13 \|1-min winds=35 \|Pressure=996 }} Due to its minimal intensity, 04S was designated only as a tropical storm strength cyclone by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC). The storm remained unnamed by the warning center in Darwin. {{clear}} Severe Tropical Cyclone Frank {{Infobox hurricane small \|Basin=Aus \|Image= \|Track=Frank 1984 track.png \|Formed=December 19 \|Dissipated=December 28 \|10-min winds=95 \|1-min winds=75 \|Pressure=952 }} Tropical Cyclone Frank was a significant tropical cyclone which formed off the western coast of Australia. It peaked as a Category 1 storm on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale according to the JTWC. Perth assessed it as a category 4 on the Australian scale. After it turned to the south-east on 25 December, it made landfall as a Category 2 two days later near Port Hedland, Western Australia. {{clear}} Tropical Cyclone Monica {{Infobox hurricane small \|Basin=Aus \|Image= \|Track=Monica 1984 track.png \|Formed=December 25 \|Dissipated=December 28 \|10-min winds=60 \|1-min winds=70 \|Pressure=975 }} Monica peaked as a category 2 storm, tracking roughly south-eastward, passing into the South Pacific basin on December 28. {{clear}} Tropical Cyclone Nigel {{Infobox hurricane small \|Basin=SPac \|Image=Nigel Jan 19 1985 0310Z.png \|Track=Nigel 1985 track.png \|Formed=January 14 \|Dissipated=January 16 \|10-min winds=45 \|1-min winds=50 \|Pressure=987 }}{{main article\|Cyclone Nigel}} The precursor low to Cyclone Nigel formed as an ill-defined low, within the intertropical convergence zone near the Cape York Peninsula during January 1985.^[2] Over the next several days the system gradually moved eastwards into the Coral Sea, before the BoM reported that a recognizable circulation had developed during January 14.^[2] Over the next two days the low moved eastwards and slowly developed further, before the JTWC initiated advisories on the system and designated it as Tropical Cyclone 13P early on January 16.^[2]^[3] Later that day the BoM named the system Nigel as it became equivalent to a modern-day category 1 tropical cyclone on the Australian tropical cyclone intensity scale and moved out of the Australian region into the South Pacific basin.^[2] {{clear}} Severe Tropical Cyclone Odette {{Infobox hurricane small \|Basin=Aus \|Image= \|Track=Odette 1985 track.png \|Formed=January 16 \|Dissipated=January 19 \|10-min winds=80 \|1-min winds=100 \|Pressure=930 }} Odette was a powerful cyclone. {{clear}} Severe Tropical Cyclone Gertie {{Infobox hurricane small \|Basin=Aus \|Image= \|Track=Gertie 1985 track.png \|Formed=January 26 \|Dissipated=February 3 \|10-min winds=70 \|1-min winds=55 \|Pressure=974 }} Gertie made landfall in Western Australia before dissipating. {{clear}} Tropical Low 18P {{Infobox hurricane small \|Basin=Aus \|Image= \|Track= \|Formed=February 2 \|Dissipated=February 6 \|10-min winds=30 \|1-min winds=35 \|Pressure=996 }} This system remained weak. {{clear}} Severe Tropical Cyclone Hubert {{Infobox hurricane small \|Basin=Aus \|Image= \|Track=Hubert 1985 track.png \|Formed=February 10 \|Dissipated=February 19 \|10-min winds=90 \|1-min winds=55 \|Pressure=954 }} Hubert had major differences in peak intensity from BOM and JTWC, but did not touch land. {{clear}} Severe Tropical Cyclone Isobel {{Infobox hurricane small \|Basin=Aus \|Image= \|Track=Isobel 1985 track.png \|Formed=February 11 \|Dissipated=February 22 \|10-min winds=85 \|1-min winds=50 \|Pressure=960 }} Isobel failed to affect land. {{clear}} Severe Tropical Cyclone Jacob {{Infobox hurricane small \|Basin=Aus \|Image= \|Track=Jacob 1985 track.png \|Formed=February 15 \|Dissipated=February 28 \|10-min winds=95 \|1-min winds=75 \|Pressure=950 }} Jacob was a Category 4 system on the Australian scale. {{clear}} Tropical Depression 24S {{Infobox hurricane small \|Basin=SWI \|Image= \|Track= \|Formed=February 18 \|Dissipated=February 21 \|10-min winds=30 \|1-min winds=35 \|Pressure=996 }} This depression failed to intensify. {{clear}} Tropical Cyclone Pierre {{Infobox hurricane small \|Basin=Aus \|Image= \|Track=Pierre 1985 track.png \|Formed=February 18 \|Dissipated=February 24 \|10-min winds=40 \|1-min winds=45 \|Pressure=986 }} Pierre brushed Queensland. {{clear}} Tropical Cyclone Rebecca {{Infobox hurricane small \|Basin=Aus \|Image= \|Track=Rebecca 1985 track.png \|Formed=February 20 \|Dissipated=February 23 \|10-min winds=37.5 \|1-min winds=45 \|Pressure=994 }} Rebecca made landfall in Queensland on February 22, 1985, as a Category 1 storm.^[4] {{clear}} Severe Tropical Cyclone Kirsty {{Infobox hurricane small \|Basin=Aus \|Image= \|Track=Kirsty 1985 track.png \|Formed=March 1 \|Dissipated=March 19 \|10-min winds=120 \|1-min winds=115 \|Pressure=920 }} Although powerful, Kirsty failed to affect land. {{clear}} Severe Tropical Cyclone Lindsay {{Infobox hurricane small \|Basin=Aus \|Image=Lindsay Mar 9 1985 0616Z.png \|Track=Lindsay 1985 track.png \|Formed=6 March \|Dissipated=11 March \|10-min winds=95 \|1-min winds=55 \|Pressure=950 }} Cyclone Lindsay formed on March 6, 1985. The storm moved south-southeast reaching Category 4 status before making landfall near Broome, Western Australia.^[5] {{clear}} Severe Tropical Cyclone Sandy {{Infobox hurricane small \|Basin=Aus \|Formed=19 March \|Image=Sandy Mar 24 1985 0517Z.png \|Track=Sandy 1985 track.png \|Dissipated=3 April \|10-min winds=90 \|1-min winds=120 \|Pressure=953 }} Sandy formed on March 19 in the Gulf of Carpentaria and strengthened rapidly into a Category 4 cyclone, before it made landfall near Sir Edward Pellew Group of Islands as a Category 2 cyclone on March 24. Over the next days, Sandy moved into the Indian Ocean and dissipated on April 3. Similar to Cyclone Kathy, the storm was not as intense as Kathy. Two trawlers were devastated by Sandy, where swells of {{convert\|12\|m\|ft\|abbr=on}} were measured. Storm surges were measured at {{convert\|3\|to\|3.5\|m\|ft\|abbr=on}} at Centre Island. Flooding was extensive along the southern gulf coast. A total of {{convert\|860\|mm\|in\|abbr=on\|round=5}} of rain recorded in the island during a four-day time span.^[6] {{clear}} Tropical Cyclone Tanya {{Infobox hurricane small \|Basin=Aus \|Image=Tanya Mar 29 1985 0423Z.png \|Track=Tanya 1985 track.png \|Formed=March 27 \|Dissipated=April 4 \|10-min winds=55 \|1-min winds=60 \|Pressure=982 }} Tanya hit Australia as a tropical cyclone. {{clear}} Severe Tropical Cyclone Margot {{Infobox hurricane small \|Basin=Aus \|Image=Margot Apr 15 1985 0300Z.png \|Track=Margot 1985 track.png \|Formed=11 April \|Dissipated=21 April \|10-min winds=100 \|1-min winds=70 \|Pressure=942 }} Cyclone Margot was a tropical cyclone that stayed out to sea during its entire duration. It was first identified on April 10, off the coast of Sunda Strait. Margot then traveled to the southwest during April 12, gradually intensifying to a tropical cyclone. In the noon hours of April 13, it began to move to the southeast, under the influence of an intense high pressure area to the south. The cyclone reached a peak intensity on April 14, as a category four cyclone using the Australian scale, with winds of 185 km/h (115 mph). This intensity was based on satellite estimates, but the strongest report was from a ship eighteen hours earlier. After peak intensity Margot gradually weakened up until the 19, when it briefly underwent intensification, and turned west. This was short lived however, as dry, easterly low-level winds and wind shear began to influence the cyclone. Margot began to rapidly weaken and move in an easterly direction on April 20. On the 21 Margot had become a remnant low after completing a figure-eight path. On the 25 the remnant low was absorbed by a broad low pressure system located in the northeast Indian Ocean.^[7] {{clear}} Tropical Cyclone Gretel {{Infobox hurricane small \|Basin=Aus \|Image=Gretel Apr 12 1985 0517Z.png \|Track=Gretel 1985 track.png \|Formed=April 11 \|Dissipated=April 14 \|10-min winds=40 \|1-min winds=45 \|Pressure=984 }} Cyclone Gretel was a tropical cyclone that formed in the Arafura Sea late on April 12, 1985, just east of Croker Island, off the Northern Territory coast. Moving in a west-southwest direction, it crossed the Cobourg Peninsula into the Van Diemen Gulf, where it intensified to Category 2 and reached its lowest pressure of 984 hPa. Moving south-west, the eye of the storm passed over Darwin, Australia, early on April 14, causing extensive tree damage and flooding to the area but no reported loss of life. It continued moving in a south-southwest direction, weakening to a low pressure system near the Victoria River mouth late that evening.^[8] The total estimated damages was $3.5 million.^[9] {{clear}} See also Atlantic hurricane seasons: 1984, 1985, Eastern Pacific hurricane seasons: 1984, 1985 Western Pacific typhoon seasons: 1984, 1985 North Indian Ocean cyclone seasons: 1984, 1985 References 1. ^ 2. ^¹²³{{cite journal\|publisher=Australian Bureau of Meteorology \|title=The Australian tropical cyclone season 1984–85 \|volume=33 \|pages=133–136 \|year=1985 \|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/amm/docs/1985/kuuse.pdf \|accessdate=July 23, 2013 \|author1=Kuuse J \|archivedate=April 23, 2014 \|journal=Australian Meteorological Magazine \|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6P2IRRTh0?url=http://www.bom.gov.au/amm/docs/1985/kuuse.pdf \|deadurl=no \|df= }} 3. ^{{cite report\|publisher=United States Navy, United States Airforce\|title=Annual Tropical Cyclone Report: 1985\|volume=33\|pages=138, 246\|url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1985atcr.pdf\|accessdate=April 23, 2014\|author1=Joint Typhoon Warning Center}} 4. ^ 5. ^ 6. ^{{cite web\|publisher=Bureau of Meteorology\|year=2010\|accessdate=17 September 2012\|title=Severe Tropical Cyclone Sandy\|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/cyclone/history/sandy.shtml}} 7. ^{{cite report\|author=Queensland Regional Office/Brisbane tropical cyclone warning centre\|title=Severe Tropical Cyclone Margot\|publisher=Australian Bureau of Meteorology\|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/cyclone/history/pdf/margot.pdf\|accessdate=14 December 2012\|type=Individual Tropical Cyclone Reports}} 8. ^ 9. ^{{Cite web \|url=http://www.ema.gov.au/ema/emadisasters.nsf/c85916e930b93d50ca256d050020cb1f/a604dbd52be76571ca256d3300057c8b?OpenDocument \|title=Darwin, NT: Cyclone \|access-date=2013-04-22 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402033842/http://www.ema.gov.au/ema/emadisasters.nsf/c85916e930b93d50ca256d050020cb1f/a604dbd52be76571ca256d3300057c8b?OpenDocument \|archive-date=2012-04-02 \|dead-url=yes \|df= }} {{DEFAULTSORT:1984-85 Australian region cyclone season}} 2 : Australian region cyclone seasons\|1984–85 Southern Hemisphere tropical cyclone season
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