| 词条 | 1993 Bayburt Üzengili avalanche |
| 释义 |
|image= |caption= |date= {{start date|1993|01|18}} |time= 07:45 EET (05:15 UTC) |place= Üzengili , Bayburt Province, Turkey |mark=Cross.svg |marksize=6 |label=Üzengili, Bayburt |position=bottom |lat_deg=40 |lat_min=29 |lat_sec=54.71 |lat_dir=N |lon_deg=040 |lon_min=23 |lon_sec=06.22 |lon_dir=E }} |casualties1=59 dead |casualties2=21 injured |casualties3=650 livestock loss }} The 1993 Bayburt Üzengili avalanche occurred on January 18, 1993, at around 07:45 local time (05:45 UTC) in Üzengili, a village of Bayburt Province in northeastern Turkey. It killed 59 people and injured 21, destroying 72 houses.[1][2] Location and terrainÜzengili is a mountain village situated at an elevation of {{convert|2025|m|ft|abbr=on}}[2] on the southern edge of the Soğanlı Mountains within the Eastern Blacksea Mountain Range ({{lang-tr|Doğu Karadeniz Dağları}}). It is {{convert|36|km|mi|abbr=on}} north-east of Bayburt close to the Bayburt-Trabzon provincial border. The top of the hill at the backside of the village is {{convert|3193|m|ft|abbr=on}} high Amsl.[2] Unlike the northern slopes of the mountains in that region, which are densely covered with forest, the south facing part, where the village is located, has almost no trees.[3] In 1990, the village had a population of 355.[4] Weather conditionsAccording to the data from the Turkish State Meteorological Service, recorded at the weather station in Bayburt,[3] the area was covered by snow on January 16. As the temperature there was {{convert|-5|°C|°F}} at 21:00 local time on that day, it dropped to {{convert|-15|°C|°F}} the next day, resulting in formation of surface crusts. During the daytime of January 17, the temperature rose up and the snow pack melted at the surface. In the late hours of that day, the snow pack's surface formed a melt-freeze crust by refreezing with the dropping temperature. Freshly precipitated snow in the night of January 17 and in the early hours of the next day covered the melt-crust surface.[5] DisasterThe avalanche flowed {{convert|4150|m|ft|abbr=on}}[3] downwards at an average slope angle of 17 degrees, and struck the village at around 07:45 local time. The snow masses destroyed a total of 72 houses and buried more than 70 people and a great number of animals. The natural disaster caused the life losses of 59 people and 650 livestock. 21 people were injured at the incident.[2] As a result of the disaster and the future avalanche risk at the location, Üzengili village, comprising 116 houses, has been relocated to another place in a safe zone.[1] In 1997, the settlement counted 166 inhabitants.[6] References1. ^1 {{cite journal |last1=Gürer |first1=İbrahim |year=2002 |title=Türkiye'de Yerleşim Yerlerine Yönelik Kar ve Çığ Problemleri |journal=Türkiye Mühendislik Haberleri |publisher=İMO |volume=4-5-6 |issue=420-421-422 |pages=147–154 |url=http://www.e-kutuphane.imo.org.tr/pdf/333.pdf |language=Turkish |accessdate=2010-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313190317/http://www.e-kutuphane.imo.org.tr/pdf/333.pdf |archive-date=2012-03-13 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 2. ^1 2 3 {{cite book |url=http://ekutup.dpt.gov.tr/bolgesel/dap/ing/v4-1.pdf |publisher=State Planning Organization Undersecretariat |year=2000 |title=Eastern Anatolia Project Master Plan-Current Situation and Analysis-Local Characteristics, Settlements, General Evaluation |volume=IV |accessdate=2010-10-15 }} 3. ^1 2 {{cite journal |url=http://www.springerlink.com/content/g344510345q44533/fulltext.pdf |journal=Natural Hazards |title=Two-phase Numerical Model of Powder Avalanche-Theory and Application |first1=Mohamed |last1=Naaimi |first2=İbrahim |last2=Gürer |publisher=Kluwer Academic |volume=17 |pages=129–145 |year=1998 |accessdate=2010-10-15 |doi=10.1023/a:1008002203275 }} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.yerelnet.org.tr/koyler/koy.php?koyid=265458 |publisher=yerelnet.org |title=Üzengili Köyü (Bayburt/Merkez) |language=Turkish |accessdate=2010-10-13 }} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.dmi.gov.tr/FILES/arastirma/cigdankorunma.pdf |publisher=Devlet Meteoroloji İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü |last=Taştekin |first=Ahmet Tolga |title=Meteoroloji ve Çığ |language=Turkish |accessdate=2010-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008214841/http://www.dmi.gov.tr/FILES/arastirma/cigdankorunma.pdf |archive-date=2011-10-08 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://bayburtkoyleri.blogcu.com/uzengili-bayburt/3622415 |publisher=Bayburt Köyleri |title=Bayburt ve İlçeleri Tanıtım |language=Turkish |accessdate=2010-10-15 }} Further reading
7 : 20th-century avalanches|Natural disasters in Turkey|1993 natural disasters|1993 in Turkey|History of Bayburt Province|Avalanches in Turkey|January 1993 events |
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